that name, on the Guadalajara branch of the Mexican Central Railroad (Map: Mexico, H 7). Its population, in 1895, was 7558. The patriot Hidalgo was born on the neighboring hacienda of Corralejo, and here, in 1817, the filibuster Mina was shot.
PENJDEH, pēnj′dā̇. An oasis in the southern part of Russian Turkestan, 25 miles from the boundary of Afghanistan (Map: Asia, Central, H 3). It belonged to the latter country until 1885; in that year it was the scene of the defeat of a body of Afghan troops by the Russians, which brought about strained relations between England and Russia.
PENN, John (1729-95). A proprietary Lieutenant-Governor of Pennsylvania. He was born in London, and was a grandson of William Penn. After a course in the University of Geneva, he went to Pennsylvania, where, in 1753, he became a member of the council. He was a member of the Albany Congress of 1754, and in 1763 became Lieutenant-Governor of Pennsylvania, which office he held until 1771, and then, after a visit to England, from 1773 to 1775. When the Revolutionary War broke out, although he attempted to maintain a neutral attitude, his authority was soon superseded by that of a revolutionary government, and in 1777 he was imprisoned, but after a few months was released. He received one-fourth of the £130,000 voted by the Legislature in compensation for the confiscated proprietary rights, and the same share of a £4000 annuity later granted the proprietors by the English Government. Consult: the Pennsylvania Archives; and Sheperd, Proprietary Government in Pennsylvania, vol. vi. of the "Columbia University Studies in History, Economics, and Public Law."
PENN, John (1741-88). An American patriot, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, born in Caroline County, Va. He was admitted to the bar in 1762, and soon acquired a reputation as an eloquent and successful pleader. In 1774 he removed to Granville County, N. C., and almost immediately became prominent there. Having espoused the Patriot cause, he was, in September, 1775, chosen a delegate to the Continental Congress, and next year signed the Declaration of Independence. He was rechosen delegate in 1777, and once again in 1779. In 1780, after the disastrous defeat of Camden, he was given almost dictatorial power in North Carolina, and did much to assist General Greene in his campaign against the invaders under Cornwallis. In 1784 he was appointed receiver of taxes for North Carolina by Robert Morris, but found his duties so disagreeable that he soon resigned.
PENN, Richard (c.1735-1811). A British colonial Governor in America, born in England. He was a grandson of William Penn, and was educated at Saint John's College, Cambridge. He began the study of law, but went to Pennsylvania in 1763, became a member of the Council in 1764, and remained, probably, until 1769. When his brother John, who was Lieutenant-Governor, returned to England in 1771, Richard was sent out in his stead, and served until August, 1773. He was very popular with both colonists and Indians. With Arthur Lee he carried the petition of the Congress to England. When examined before the House of Lords as to the ability and disposition of the colonists to resist the acts of Parliament, he was sharply reproved by the Ministers for his obvious sympathy with resistance. From 1784 until 1809, he represented various boroughs in Parliament.
PENN, Thomas (1702-75). A British colonial proprietor, son of William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania. He was born in Kensington, and in 1718 succeeded to one-fourth of the proprietorship of Pennsylvania. In 1732 he went to Philadelphia. He held a power of attorney for his two brothers and assumed direction of the colony until the arrival of his elder brother, John, in 1734. He remained in the colony after his brother's return to England, presided at many of the council meetings up to 1739, and held a great conference with the Indians in 1740. In 1747, upon the death of his elder brother, he inherited the latter's half-interest, and went to England to take charge. During the French and Indian War he sent £5000 for the relief of the colony, having previously given money and land for the establishment of a public library in Philadelphia. When the dispute over taxation of the proprietary estates arose, he received Franklin, the agent of the colony, who brought the 'Heads of Complaint,' in 1757, and he vigorously opposed the petition of the colony, in 1764, that the Crown should assume charge. His interest was finally purchased by the State.
PENN, Sir William (1621-70). A British sailor, probably born in Bristol, England. He was brought up to the sea, and under the Commonwealth held many important naval commands. In 1649 he was appointed vice-admiral of the Irish fleet, and in 1650-51 cruised along the coast of Southern Europe and in the Mediterranean, seeking Prince Rupert. In 1652 he was appointed vice-admiral of the fleet under Gen. Robert Blake (q.v.), and participated in the victory off Portland (February 18, 1053), and those of June 3d and July 31st. After the conclusion of the Dutch War Penn entered into negotiations with the Stuarts, but these proving fruitless, he accepted the command of a fleet sent against the Spanish possessions in America, and on May 17, 1655, captured the island of Jamaica. In 1660 he was knighted by the King and appointed a commissioner of the navy. Five years later he won, though nominally under the command of the Duke of York, a victory over the Dutch near Lowestoft (June 3, 1665). Consult: Granville Penn, Memorials of the Professional Life and Times of Sir William Penn, and Dixon, Life of William Penn.
PENN, William (1644-1718). A celebrated English Quaker and the founder of Pennsylvania. He was the son of Sir William Penn, was born in London, and was educated chiefly at Christ's Church, Oxford, where he became a Quaker. His enthusiasm for his new faith assumed a pugnacious form. Not only did he object to attending the services of the Church of England and to wearing the surplice of a student—both of which he considered papistical—but, along with some companions, who had also become Quakers, he attacked several of his fellow-students, and tore the obnoxious robes from their backs. For this conduct Penn was expelled from the university. His father, although excessively annoyed at his conduct, sent him to travel on the Continent, where he became a frequent guest at the Court
