was £1,415,180. The total expenditure £4,855,533.
The population increased from 28,056 in 1860 to 391,080 in 1890, and 503,266 in 1901. In the latter year there were 280,092 males and 223,174 females. The excess of immigration over emigration has become very small in recent years. The white inhabitants are mainly from the United Kingdom. The aborigines number 3862 males and 2808 females, not including those who live in camps. The population is confined largely to the coast region, and is most numerous in the south. Brisbane is the capital. In 1901 there were 185,023 adherents of the Church of England; 120,663, of the Church of Rome; 57,615 Presbyterians; 29.791 Wesleyans; 25,505 Lutherans. The Mohammedans and Pagans numbered 19,124. There is no State Church. Education is compulsory between the ages of six and twelve years, but in some parts it is not enforced. Primary education is free and unsectarian. In 1901 it was estimated that 98 per cent, of the adult white population could read and write. The expenditure of the State for education in 1901 was £299,866.
With the early history of Queensland are associated the Spaniard Torres, whose name is perpetuated in the strait separating that land from New Guinea, and that of the explorer Cook, who, in 1770, coasted from Moreton Bay to Torres Strait and made a chart of the coast. The explorations of Lieutenant Flinders, in 1799, opened the way for the .settlement of the Moreton Bay district, but his work seems to have been neglected, until Queensland was practically rediscovered by Oxley in 1823. In 1826 a penal settlement w-as established on Moreton Bay and the Brisbane River, but the convicts were soon removed and subsequent attempts to introduce a criminal population into the country failed before the strong opposition of the free inhabitants. The country was admirably adapted for grazing and drew a large immigration from the southern settlements, the population, in May, 1859, when Queensland was set off as a separate colony, being about 25,000. mostly squatters. Brisbane and Ipswich were the only towns of importance. A severe financial panic in 1866 was followed by the discovery of gold in the years 1867-72. the mining interests henceforth playing a prominent part in the shaping of public policy. The importation of coolies for work on the sugar plantations led to many conflicts in Parliament. The importation of Kanaka labor was forbidden in 1890, but was resumed two years later, owing to the alarming condition into which the sugar industry had fallen. The Labor Party exercised an important influence on affairs after 1890, though its power was not as fully developed as in the more southern colonies. In the winter of 1899 Queensland ratified the Constitution for the new Australian Commonwealth. See Australian Federation.
Bibliography. Daintree, Queensland: Its Territory, Climate, and Prospects (London, 1872); Dalrymple, Narrative and Reports of the Queensland Northeast Coast Expedition (Brisbane, 1874); Grant, Bush Life in Queensland (London, 1882); Bonwick, Resources of Queensland (ib., 1880); id.. Queensland: Its Resources and Institutions (ib., 1887); Bicknell, Travel and Adventure in Northern Queensland (ib., 1895); Weedon, Queensland Past and Present (Brisbane, 1890-98); Roth, Ethnological Studies Among the Northwest Central Queensland Aborigines, contains bibliography (ib., 1897); Jack and Etheridge, The Geology and Paleontology of Queensland and New Guinea (ib., 1892); Year Book of Queensland (ib., annually).
QUEEN'S METAL. A silver-like alloy resembling pewter. It is made by fusing tin, 9 parts, and antimony, bismuth, and lead, each 1 part; or tin 100 parts, antimony 8 parts, copper 4 parts, and bismuth 1 part. It has been largely used in the manufacture of teapots and similar articles for domestic use.
QUEEN'S (or King's) TOBACCO PIPE. The popular nickname of a peculiarly shaped kiln or furnace in the northeast corner of the tobacco warehouses belonging to the London docks, in which contraband goods, such as tobacco, cigars, tea, which had been smuggled, and books were burned. Damaged and worthless goods are still burned, but seized and unclaimed goods are now sold generally at the periodical 'customs sales,' or distributed among public institutions.
QUEENS'TOWN, formerly Cove of Cork. A seaport town on the south side of Great Island in Cork Harbor, Ireland, 18 miles east-south-east of Cork (Map: Ireland, C 5). It is important as the port of call of the American mail steamers. The town is built amphitheatrically in parallel streets on the sides of a steep acclivity. During the winter it is much frequented by invalids, owing to its mild and healthful climate. A fine Roman Catholic cathedral, 100 feet high, surmounted by a tower 230 feet high, is a conspicuous building. The famous yacht club, the Royal Cork, is the oldest in the world. The Cove of Cork became important during the Napoleonic wars as the port of embarkation for troops going on foreign service, and is now an admiral's station. In honor of Queen Victoria's visit in 1849 the name was changed to Queenstown. Population, in 1901, 7909.
QUEENSTOWN. A town and railway station, capital of the district of the same name, in Cape Colony, about 100 miles northwest of East London (Map: Cape Colony, L 7), It is the centre of a productive farming region situated in the valley of the Great Kei River. Population, over 4000.
QUEER'UMMA'NIA. In Carey's burlesque Chrononhotonthologos. the name given to the country over which that King ruled.
QUEIROZ, ka'e'rosh', José Maria Eça de. See Eca de Queiroz.
QUELIMANE, ke'le-ma'na. A town of Portuguese East Africa. See Quilimane.
QUELLI'NUS, Artus (1609-68). A Dutch sculptor, born in Antwerp. He was the pupil of Duquesnoy in Rome. His principal works were the decoration of the facade of the new Town Hall in Amsterdam, begun in 1648. and the numerous statues he executed inside the building. His decorative groups are robust and imaginative, but the interior sculptures, such as the Caryatide, are more severe in treatment. There are other works by him in the Museum and the churches of Antwerp. His son, Artus, was also a sculptor, and assisted his father in several of his undertakings.
