QUINCY. 619 QUINET. He graduated at Harvard in 1763; read law with Oxcnbridge Thacher, and was admitted to tlie bar, rising to a high rank in his profession. He denounced the Stamp Act through the press and at public meetings in Boston, and took strong ground against the exactions of Parliament. In 1770 he and John Adams conducted, in the face of an excited popular feeling, tlie defense of British soldiers implicated in the Boston mas- sacre; and in the same year he prepared the ad- dress of the merchants of Boston on the non- importation agreement, and also wrote a number of essays for the Boston Gazette. Both in 1770 and in 1772 he drafted the instructions of the tovra of Boston to its representatives in the Legislature, and throughout 1771 and 1772 he was a frequent contributor to the Gazette, chiefly under the signatures 'ilentor' and 'Marchmont Nedham.' During all these years he maintained a large practice, though finally his health failed, and in 1773 he went to Charleston, S. C, taking advantage of his journey to enter into relations with the Patriot leaders in the Southern and Middle States, and to arrange for a system of communication between them and the leaders of the same partv' in Massachusetts. In May, 1774, appeared his Observations on the Boston Port Bill, which clearly indicated war as the only means of settling the disputes between Great Britain and the colonists, and intimated that in- dependence must be the result. In September of the same year he went to England as the agent of the Patriot Party and there lived on friendly terms with Barre, the Earl of Sbelburne, Priest- ley, and other friends of the colonies, and had interviews with Lords Dartmouth and North. He sailed for home in the spring of 1775. but died on the voyage, April 26th. His Life was written by his son Josiah (2d ed.. Boston, 1874) ; and his Reports of the Supreme Court of J/assa- chusetts Bay, lIGl-'iZ. edited by his g^-eat-grand- son. Samuel M. Quincy, appeared in 1865. QUINCY, Josiah (1772-1864). An American lawn er. orator, and man of letters, son of Josiah Quincy (1744-75). He was bom in Boston: graduated at Harvard in 1790; studied law, and took an active interest in politics as a leading member of the extreme wing of the Federalist Party in Xew England. He was a member of the State Senate in 1804. and in 1805 entered Con- gress, where he became distinguished as a ready, earnest, and fervent orator, in opposition to the policy of Jefferson and iladison. He was one of the earliest to denounce slavery in Congress, and declared in a notable speech of June 4, 1811, that the purchase of Louisiana was a sufficient cause for the dissolution of the Union. This was the first announcement on the floor of Congress of the doctrine of secession. He opposed the war with England with the same fervor. Disgusted with the triumph of the Republican Party and its advocacy of the War of 1812. he declined a reelection to Congress, and devoted his attention largely to scientific agriculture. He became, however. Speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1821, a member of the Senate in the following year, and also judge of the municipal court of Boston. In 1823 he was elected mayor of Boston, his administration being signalized by many notable municipal re- forms. In 1829 he accepted the presidency of Harvard College, which he held until 1845, intro- VoL. XVI. — 40. ducing many improvements and reforms in the administration. Among his published works are a memoir of his father (1825) ; History of Har- vard University (1840) ; The Municipal History of the Toicn and City of Boston ( 1852) ; and Life of John Quincy Adams (1858). QUINCY, Josiah (1802-82). An American administrator, born in Boston, Massachusetts, son of Josiah Quincy (1772-1864). He graduated at Harvard in 1821, and was admitted to the bar. He became a member of the Boston city council in 1833, and was its president from 1834 to 1837. In 1842 he was president of the Massachusetts Senate, and from 1845 to 1849 was Mayor of Boston. By his efforts and during his mayoralty the Cochituate aqueduct was completed, the police force was reorganized, and a large tract of public marshland near the South Bay was filled in, graded, and sold. A volume of extracts from his diaries. Figures of the Fast, was published in 1883. QUINCY, Josiah (1859—). An American politician, son of the preceding, bom in Quincy, Mass. He was admitted to the bar, but never practiced. He was a member of the Massachu- setts Legislature for four years, and in 1893 served as Assistant Secretary of State for six months. From 1895 to 1899 he was Mayor of Boston. QUINCY, kax'se', QuATEEMi:RE de. See Qlatremlbe de Quixcy. QUINET, ke'na', Edgab ( 1803-75) . A French poet, publicist, and historian of literature, born at Bovirg, February 17, 1803. He was educated for the army, but refusing a soldier's life, he published at twenty his justification in Les tab- lettes du juif errant (1823). His next work was a translation of Herder's Idcen zur Philos- ophie der Geschichte der ilenschheit (1827), to which he prefixed an introduction that won him the friendship of Cousin and Miclie- let. After travel in Germany, Italy, and Eng- land, he was sent by the French Institute to Greece (1829) and wrote La Grcce moderne (1830). He now began to contribute political essays to the newly founded Revue dcs Deux Mondes and recurred to the legend of the Wan- dering Jew in Ahasverus (1833). This was fol- lowed by the less successful poems, Napoleon (1835) and Promethee (1838). Wis Examen de la vie de Jesus is a philosophy of religion as the substance of humanity and the apotheosis of per- sonality in answer to Strauss's Leben Jcsu. His Genie dcs religions (1842) brought him a call to the Coll&ge de France, where he roused great en- thusiasm by lectures on the Jesuits, Ultramon- tanism, and Christianity in relation to the French Revolution. At this period Quinet's partisan- ship began to bias his historical judgment. Michelet shared in his attack on the Jesuits, which was silenced by the Government in 1846. Quinct took an active part in the Revolution of 1848. sought to unmask Xapoleon, and was ban- ished (1852). At Brussels he wrote Les esclaves (1853) and La revolution religieuse an XlXme siecle ( 1 857 ) . Removing to Veytaiix, on the Lake of Geneva, lae published Merlin Venchon- teur (1860). the autobiographical Histoire de mes idees (1860), and Histoire de la campagne de 1815 (1862) and La revolution (1865), both tracing national disaster to a disregard of
