QUINCKE. 618 QTJINCY. University of Berlin in 1S59, was appointed professor at the University of Wurzburg in 18.2, and was called to Heidelberg in 1875 as profes- sor of physics. His doctor's dissertation was on the subject of the capillary constant of Mercury, and his investigations of all capillary phenom- ena are classical. He also did important work in the experimental study of the re- flection of light, especially from metallic sur- faces, and carried on prolonged researches on the subject of the influence of electric forces upon the constants of diflerent forms of matter. Hiscon- tributions to physics and other fields of science are numerous. QtriN'CY. A city and the county-seat of Adams County, 111., -265 miles southwest of Chi- cago; on the "Mississippi River, here spanned by a splendid railway bridge, and on the Wabash, the Chicago, Burlington and Quincj-, and the Quinev, Omaha and Kansas City railroads (Map': Illinois, A 4). It is regularly laid out on an elevated bluff. It is the seat of Saint Francis Solanus College (Roman Catholic), opened in 1800: and has a boys' industrial school (Metho- dist Episcopal), formerly known as Chaddock College, and Saint IMary's Institute (Roman Catholic), besides commercial schools. Other institutions comprise a Conservatory of Music, Saint Mary's and Blessing hospitals, and several homes for" the aged and orphans. The public library contains more than 23.000 volumes. The fine buildings of the State Soldiers' and Sailors' Home, the Federal Government building, the court house, and the city hall are among the architectural features of the town. In the pub- lie park system of about 107 acres are South Park, Riverside, Washington, Madison, Indian Mounds, and Primrose parks. Quincy is admirably equipped with transporta- tion facilities for an industrial and commercial centre. It carries on an active trade, and its industries, according to the census of 1000, rep- resented an aggregate capital of .$0,880,000, with a production valued at .$9,235,000. The more important establishments include stove foun- dries, machine shops, breweries, show-case works, manufactories of incubators, brick-making plants, carriage factories, lime works, clothing factories, flouring mills, a meat-packing estab- lishment, governor and engine works, plow and hay-press works, canning factories, and manu- factories of sawed lumber, egg cases, buttons, brass castings, wire fence, etc. The government is vested in a ma3'or. elected every two years, and a unicameral council, and in administrative of- ficials, many of whom are named by the mayor. Quincy spends annually in maintenance and operation about .$275,000, the principal items of expense being: For schools, $83,000; for interest on debt, .$49,000; for the fire department, $28,- 000; for the police department, $21,000; and for municipal lighting, $20,000. Population, in 1890, 31,494; in 1900, 30,252. Settled in 1822 and laid out three years later, Quincy was in- corporated as a town in 1834 and in 1839 was chartered as a city. Consult: Redmond, TUstory of Quincy (Quincy, 1809). QtriNCY. A city, including within the mu- nicipal limits several villages, in Norfolk County, Mass., adjoining Boston on the south : on Quincy Bay, between the Neponset River on the north and Fore River on the south; and on the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad (Map: Massachusetts, E 3). Its area is more than 16 square miles, 2,530 acres of which are in public parks, the most prominent being Merrymount and Faxon. Quincy has the Thomas Crane Public Library with 20,000 volumes, Adams Academy and Woodward Institute, the latter for girls, and a city hospital. There are many points of his- toric interest in this vicinity; and here was con- structed in 182G-27 the first railroad in New England, built for carrying granite and operated by horses. Quincy is primarily a residential sub- urb of Boston, but has extensive granite quarry- ing and cutting interests, a large ship-building plant, and rivet and stud works. The govern- ment, under a revised charter of 1900, is vested in a maj'or annually elected, and a unicameral coun- cil. The mayor controls appointments of the heads of all departments, excepting that of the school committee. Other administrative of- ficers are elected by the council, or confirmed by that body upon nomination of the mayor. The school committee is chosen by popular vote. The water supply of Quincy is furnished through the system of "the metropolitan district. Popula- tion, in 1800, 10,723; in 1900, 23,899. Settled in 1025 as Mount Wollaston, Quincy is one of the oldest permanent settlements in Mas- sachusetts. About 1029 Thomas Jlorton (q.v.) gained control and established his famous "New English Canaan," ilerrymount. Becoming ob- noxious to the Puritans at Boston because of his encouragement of Maj-poles and other reprehen- sible •Idolls,' because of "his great licentious- ness of lite in all profanencss," he was captured by Miles Standish and shipped off to England. Until 1792, when it was incorporated under its present name in honor of .John (^)uincy, the settle- ment formed part of Braintree. It was chartered as a city in 1888. It was the birthplace of .John Hancock, John Adams, and John Quincy Adams, the two last being buried here under the old 'Stone Temple.' Consult: an address by Adams, The Centennial Milestone (Cambridge, 1892) ; Pattee, A IlistonR/ of Old Braintree and Quincy (Quincy, 1878) ; Hurd, History of Nor- folk County "(Philadelphia, 1884); Wilson, Where American Independence Was Born (Bos- ton, 1902) ; and Adams, Three Episodes of Mas- sachusetts History (Boston, 1892). QUINCY, Edmund (1808-77). An Anierican author and reformer, prominent as an abolitionist during the anti-slavei-y struggle. He was born in Boston, and graduated at Harvard in 1827. After the killing of Elijah P. Lovejoy (q.v.) by a mob at Alton, 111., in 1837, he became an ar- dent abolitionist of the radical or Garrisonian school, frequently spoke in public, was secretary, for some years, of the American Anti-Slavery Society cooperated with Garrison and Mrs. Chapman in issuing the Non-Resislant, a short- lived anti-slavery paper, and wrote many articles and pamphlets " in favor of abolitionism. He wrote a novel, Wensley, A Story Without a Moral (1854); an excellent Life of^ Josiah Quincy (1807) ; and The Haunted Adjutant and OtJier Stories (published posthumously, 1885) ; and edited Speeches Delivered in the Congress of the United States (1874). QUINCY, Josiah (1744-75). An American patriot, born in Boston, Mass., February 23, 1744.
