and an opera, II Lazzuioue, in 1852. In 1854 he produced his opera Bianca Vupello at Brescia. As teacher of singing in London, where he settled about 1855, he became well known, and in 18U8 was appointed professor of singing at the Rojal Academy of Music. In 1857 he conducted Italian opera at the Saint James's Theatre, and was nuisical director of the Carl Rosa Opera Cona- pan_y from 1879 to 1885; and, upon the resigna- tion of Benedict in 1881, became conductor of the Norwich ilusical Festival. He wrote a comic opera. The Rival Beauties (1864); a dramatic cantata, Fridolin (1873) ; two scenas for soprano and orchestra, Medea (18G9) and Happlio (1875) ; the loOth Psalm for soprano solo, choir, orchestra, and organ, which was given at the Boston ilusical Festival in 1872; Funeral An- them, in memory of the Prince Consort ; numerous other vocal pieces; and a well-known Primer of Ringing.
RANDERS, ran'ers. A town of Jutland,
Denmark, situated at the entrance of the
Gudenaa into the Randers Fiord, 22 miles north-
west of Aarlms (Map: Denmark, D 2). The
chief manufactures are railroad cars, gloves, oleo-
margarine, and the chief exports grain, butter,
eggs, and fish. Population, in 1901, 20,057.
RAN'DOLPH. A town, including several vil-
lages, in Orange County, Vt., 25 miles south by
west of Jlontpelier: on the Central Vermont Rail-
road (Map: Vermont, D 6). It is the seat of
the Randolph State Normal School, and has a
public library. The surrounding district is
chiefly engaged in farming and lumbering. Lum-
ber and wooden ware are the principal manufac-
tured products. Population, in 1890, 3232; in
1900, 3141.
RANDOLPH, Alfred Magill (1836—). An
American Protestant Episcopal bishop, born in
Winchester. Va. He graduated at the College
of William and Mary in 1855 and at the Theo-
logical Seminary of Virginia in 1858; was or-
dained priest in the Protestant Episcopal Church
in 1860 : was rector of Saint Cieorge's Church,
Fredericksburg. Va., in 1860-62 ; was a chaplain
in the Confederate Anny in 1862-05 ; and was
rector of Christ Church. Alexandria, in 1865-67,
and of Emmanuel Church. Baltimore, from 1867
to 1883. In 1883 he became Coadjutor Bishop
of Virginia, and in 1892 was himself elected
Bishop of Southern Virginia.
RANDOLPH, Edmund Jennings (1753-
1813). An American statesman, the nephew of
Peyton Randolph (q.v.). He was born in Wil-
liamsburg, Va. ; graduated at William and jMary
College; early became prominent as an opponent
of the measures of the British Ministry, and, in
consequence, was disinherited by his father, John
Randolph, a stanch Loyalist. In August, 1775,
he became one of Washington's aides, and in
1776 sat in the Virginia Constitutional Conven-
tion. He was chosen first Attorney-Oencral under
the new State Constitution (1776). sat in the
Continental Congress from 1780 to 1782. and was
Governor of Virginia from 1786 to 1788. In 1787
he headed the Virginia delegation to the Con-
stitutional Convention, and took a prominent
part in the debates, proposing the celebrated
'Virginia plan.' and opposing, among other
things, the single executive, the Vice-Presidential
ofiice, and equality of the States in the Senate.
He refused to sign the instrument as finally
drafted, but in the Virginia Convention strongly
advocated its ratification. He hel]ied to codify
the Virginia laws, and in September, 1789, was
appointed by Washington Attornej-General of
the United States. On January 2, 1794, he
succeeded Jefferson as Secretary of State, but
resigned in August, 1795, primarily on account
of an intercepted dispatch of the French ilin-
ister Fauchet, which led to charges being brought
against him reflecting on his honor. Jlost of these
charges have in recent years been effectually dis-
proved. Returning to his home, he became the
leader of the Virginia bar, and in 1807 helped
defend Aaron Burr against the charge of treason.
He wrote a History of 'vrgiiiia, which, though
never published, has been much used in manu-
script by other historians. He also WTote (and
published): A Titidication of Mr. Randolph's
Resignation (1795); and ])amphlets, entitled
Democratic Societies (1795) and Political Truth
(1796). He was one of the ablest speakers and
one of the foremost lawyers of his time. Consult
Conway, Omitted Chapters of History Disclosed
in the Life and Papers of Edmund Randolph
(New York, 1888).
RANDOLPH, John, of Roanoke (1773-
1833). An American statesman, born at Caw-
sons in Chesterfield County, Va., June 2, 1773;
died in Philadelphia, .June 24, 1833. He was
descended from an old and wealthy Virginia
family, and boasted that the Indian princess
Pocahontas was one of his ancestors. Educated
at Princeton and Columbia colleges, he began
the practice of law, l)ut in 1799 he was elected
to Congress, where he became distinguished for
his eloquence, wit, sarcasm, invective, and eccen-
tricity. At a very early stage in his career he
was the Democratic-Republican leader of the
House of Representatives. He denounced the
settlement of the Yazoo land dispute effected by
Madison and Gallatin. In 1804 he introduced a
resolution impeaching Justice Samuel Chase
(q.v. ) and was the foremost prosecutor in the
famous trial in the following year. He ultimately
broke with Jefferson, and lost his influence, al-
though as a free lance and a hurler of invectives
he never ceased to be feared. He opposed the
War of 1812. and the Missouri Compromise, and
stigmatized the Northern members who voted for
the latter as 'doughfaces.' In 1822 and 1824 he
visited England, where his eccentricities attract-
ed much notice. In 1825 he began his two years'
service as Senator from Virginia, and fought his
famous duel with Henry Clay. In 1830 he was
appointed Jlinister to Russia, and gave much oc-
casion for scandal by his short stay and heavy
demands on the Treasury. By his will he manu-
mitted his 318 slaves, and provided for their
maintenance in a free state. In some respects full
justice has never been done to Randolph's intel-
lect. He was not merely a well-read man and
possessed of a good style, as appears from his
Lette-rs to a Young Relative (18.34) and many of
his speeches in Congress, nor was he simply an
unparalleled master of invective: he was al-n a
far-sighted statesman, who foresaw the direction
American politics would take with regard to the
question of slavery, and outlined the policy of
Southern defense afterwards taken up by Cal-
hoini and his followers. He was considered a
Virginian of Virginians, upon whom young South-
ern extremists modeled themselves. Consult Lives
of him by Garland (New York, 1850) ; by Adams,
