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SCHEME OF CONTENTS
PAGE § 6. How Bel-Marduk struggled against the kings................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................245 § 7. The god-kings of Egypt................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................248 § 8. Shi Hwang-ti destroys the books................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................252 - Chapter XX. Serfs, Slaves, Social Classes, and Free Individuals
§ 1. The common man in ancient times................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................254 § 2. The earliest slaves................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................256 § 3. The first "independent" persons................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................259 § 4. Social classes three thousand years ago................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................262 § 5. Classes hardening into castes................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................266 § 6. Caste in India................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................268 § 7. The system of the Mandarins................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................270 § 8. A summary of five thousand years................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................272 BOOK IV JUDEA, GREECE, AND INDIA - Chapter XXI. The Hebrew Scriptures and the Prophets
§ 1. The place of the Israelites in history................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................277 § 2. Saul, David, and Solomon................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................286 § 3. The Jews a people of mixed origin................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................292 § 4. The importance of the Hebrew prophets................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................294 - Chapter XXII. The Greeks and the Persians
§ 1. The Hellenic peoples................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................298 § 2. Distinctive features of the Hellenic civilization................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................304 § 3. Monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy in Greece................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................307 § 4. The kingdom of Lydia................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................315 § 5. The rise of the Persians in the East................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................316 § 6. The story of Crœsus................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................320 § 7. Darius invades Russia................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................326 § 8. The battle of Marathon................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................332 § 9. Thermopylæ and Salamis................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................334 § 10. Platæa and Mycale................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................340 - Chapter XXIII. Greek Thought and Literature
§ 1. The Athens of Pericles................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................343 § 2. Socrates................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................350 § 3. What was the quality of the common Athenians?................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................352 § 4. Greek tragedy and comedy................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................354 § 5. Plato and the Academy................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................355 § 6. Aristotle and the Lyceum................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................357 § 7. Philosophy becomes unworldly................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................359 § 8. The quality and limitations of Greek thought................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................360
