enemy avoids. If these four virtues be present, the country is strong; if they be not present, the country is overthrown.
“Of such is the good general.”
Wu the Master said:—
“The use of drums and bells is to attract the ear; of flags, standards, and banners to strike the eye; of laws and penalties to put fear in the heart.
“To attract the ear the sound must be clear; to strike the eye the colours must be bright. The heart is awed by punishment, therefore punishment must be strict.
“If these three matters be not ordered, the state may, peradventure, be preserved, but defeat by the enemy is certain, Therefore, as it has been said (if these three things be present), there is no departing from the commands of the general; when he orders, there is no going back from death.”
Wu the Master said:—
“The secret of war is, first, to know who is the enemy’s general, and to judge his ability. If our plans depend on his dis-
