iv
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
ILLUSTRATIONS IN TEXT.
| EAST ASIA. | ||
| fig. | page | |
| 1. | Itinerary of H'wen-Tsang | 6 |
| 2. | Encroachments of Asiatic Russia on China | 8 |
| 3. | Itineraries of the Tibetan Explorers | 16 |
| 4. | Upper Kara-kash Valley | 19 |
| 5. | Lake Dangra-yum and Targot Mountains | 20 |
| 6. | Tengri-nor | 21 |
| 7. | Mount Kailas and the Four Sacred Rivers | 25 |
| 8. | The Mansaraûr Basin | 26 |
| 9. | Lake Pang-kong: Encampment of the English Expedition of 1871 | 23 |
| 10. | Lake Pang-kong | 29 |
| 11. | Lake Palti | 30 |
| 12. | Course of the Tsangbo | 32 |
| 13. | Course of the Tsangbo | 33 |
| 14. | Course of the Tsangbo | 34 |
| 15. | Course of the Tsangbo | 35 |
| 16. | Tibetan Ethnography | 43 |
| 17. | Prayer inscribed on a Rock | 45 |
| 18. | Tibetan Amulet | 46 |
| 19. | Lassa | 52 |
| 20. | Trade Routes of Tibet | 54 |
| 21. | Itineraries of the Tian-shan Nan-lu | 59 |
| 22. | The Tian-shan Nan-lu, from a Chinese Map | 61 |
| 23. | Lake Karashar | 63 |
| 24. | Lob-nor | 64 |
| 25. | Races of Chinese Turkestan | 68 |
| 26. | Routes from Kashgar to Ferghana | 70 |
| 27. | Khotan and the Southern Plateaux | 71 |
| 28. | Yarkand and Yangi-shahr | 73 |
| 29. | Sources of the Hoang-ho, from a Chinese Map | 76 |
| 30. | Kuku-nor | 77 |
| 31. | West End of the Great Wall | 82 |
| 32. | Fortified Villages near Lantchew, Province of Kansu | 84 |
| 33. | Oases of Barkul and Hami | 86 |
| 34. | Urumtsi, Turfan, and surrounding Mountains | 87 |
| 35. | Ebi-nor | 89 |
| 36. | Chuguchak and the Tarbagatai Range | 92 |
| 37. | Valley of the Tekes | 93 |
| 38. | Section of the Gobi, going East and West | 94 |
| 39. | View in the Gobi | 97 |
| 40. | Section of the Gobi between Urga and Kalgan | 98 |
| 41. | South-east Corner of the Mongolian Plateau | 99 |
| 42. | The Great Wall, View taken at the Nankow Pass | 102 |
| 43. | Mongol Invasions and Conquests of their Successors | 104 |
| 44. | Inhabitants of Mongolia | 105 |
| 45. | Kobdo Plateau | 111 |
| 46. | Urga | 112 |
| 47. | Mongolian Highways | 113 |
| 48. | Mouth of the Liao-he | 118 |
| 49. | Manchu Woman | 122 |
| 50. | Confluence of the Nonni and Sungari | 124 |
| 51. | Lower Tumen Valley and Possiet Bay | 126 |
| 52. | The Nine Provinces according to the Yukung | 129 |
| 53. | China according to the Native Geographers | 130 |
| 54. | Kiang-su, according to Martini | 131 |
| 55. | Isothermals of China | 133 |
| 56. | Range of the Chinese Fauna | 135 |
| 57. | Chinese Dialects | 139 |
| 58. | The Nine Sacred Mountains.—The Chew Epoch | 141 |
| 59. | The Taiki, or Magic Looking-glass | 143 |
| 60. | Buddhist Priest | 145 |
| 61. | The Goddess Kwanyin | 146 |
| 62. | Domestic Altar.—The Smiling Buddha | 148 |
| 63. | Regions wasted by the Mohammedan Insurrections | 150 |
| 64. | A Chinese Savant | 153 |
| 65. | Chinese Children | 154 |
| 66. | Terrace with Funeral Urns near Amoy | 156 |
| 67. | Manchu Lady | 157 |
| 68. | Lands wasted by the Taïping Insurrection | 160 |
| 69. | Routes of the Chief Modern Explorers in China | 161 |
| 70. | Range of the Floodings of the Lower Pechili | 163 |
| 71. | Successive Displacements of Peking | 165 |
| 72. | The High Street, Peking | 166 |
| 73. | The Temple of Heaven, Peking | |
| 74. | Celestial Sphere in the Old Observatory, Peking | 169 |
| 75. | Tientsin | 171 |
| 76. | The Lower Peï-ho | 172 |
| 77. | Old Shantung Strait | 175 |
| 78. | Tengchew and Miao-tao Archipelago | 176 |
| 79. | Chefu | 177 |
| 80. | Trans-Ordos | 180 |
| 81. | Cliffs of Yellow Earth on the Hoang-ho | 181 |
