12 2 STA T . 2 9 9 6PUBLIC LA W 11 0– 299 —J UL Y3 1 , 200 8(B)useda sas tor a g e f a cil it y or a seafood p rocessi n g facility
( C ) secured to a storage facility or a seafood processing facility; or ( D ) secured to t h e b ed of the ocean , the contiguous z one, or w aters of the U nited S tates for the purpose of m ineral or oil e x ploration or de v elopment; ( 3 ) any discharge of ballast water; or ( 4 ) any discharge in a case in which the A dministrator or State, as appropriate, determines that the discharge — (A) contributes to a violation of a water q uality standard; or (B) poses an unacceptable ris k to human health or the environment .SEC.3 .S TUDYOF D I SC HARG ESI N CIDENTA L TO NOR M ALO P ERATION OF V ESSELS. (a) INGE NE RAL .— T he Administrator, in consultation with the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating and the heads of other interested F ederal agencies, shall conduct a study to evaluate the impacts of— ( 1 ) any discharge of effluent from properly functioning marine engines; ( 2 ) any discharge of laundry, shower, and galley sink wastes; and (3) any other discharge incidental to the normal operation of a vessel. (b) S COP EO F S TUDY .—The study under subsection (a) shall include— (1) characterizations of the nature, type, and composition of discharges for— (A) representative single vessels; and (B) each class of vessels; (2) determinations of the volumes of those discharges, including average volumes, for— (A) representative single vessels; and (B) each class of vessels; (3) a description of the locations, including the more common locations, of the discharges; (4) analyses and findings as to the nature and extent of the potential effects of the discharges, including determina - tions of whether the discharges pose a risk to human health, welfare, or the environment, and the nature of those risks; ( 5 ) determinations of the benefits to human health, welfare, and the environment from reducing, eliminating, controlling, or mitigating the discharges; and ( 6 ) analyses of the extent to which the discharges are currently sub j ect to regulation under Federal law or a binding international obligation of the United States. (c) EX CLU SI ON.—In carrying out the study under subsection (a), the Administrator shall exclude— (1) discharges from a vessel of the Armed Forces (as defined in section 312(a) of the Federal W ater P ollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1322(a)); (2) discharges of sewage (as defined in section 312(a) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1322(a))
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