I. ALLGEMEINES UND SPRACHE. 4. VEDIC GRAMMAR. no haviḥ (III. 28¹) 'O Agni, enjoy our sacrifice'. Thus the following sentence of six words contains three accented verbs as well as three accented vocatives: indra, jíva, súrya, jíva, dėvā, jívata (AV. xIx. 70¹) ‘O Indra, live; O Sūrya, live; O gods, live'. 4. There are some instances in the RV. of the verb when emphatic, even though not placed at the beginning of the sentence, being accented before the particle id, and even before caná¹; e. g. ádha smā no maghavañ carkrtád id (1. 1045) 'then be mindful of us, bounteous one'; ná, devā, bhasáthas caná (vI. 594) '(him) O gods, ye two never consume' ². B. The accent always rests on the verb of a subordinate clause (which is almost invariably introduced by the relative ya- and its derivatives, or contains the particles ca and céd 'if', néd 'lest', hi 'for', kuvid 'whether'); e. g. yám yajñám paribhúr ási (1. 14) ‘what offering thou protectest'; grhắn gaccha grhapátní yáthā ásaḥ (x. 8525) go to the house, that thou be lady of the house'; indras ca mrláyāti no, ná naḥ paścád aghám naśat (II. 41¹¹) 'if Indra be gracious to us, no hurt will thereafter reach us'; ví céd ucchánty, aśvina, uşásaḥ, prá väm bráhmani karávo bharante (VII. 72+) 'when the dawns shine forth, O Aśvins, the singers offer their prayers to you'; má cirám tantha ápal, nét tuã .. túpāti siro arcisā (v. 79) ‘do not lỏng delay thy work, lest the sun burn thee with his beam'; tuám hí baladá ási (III. 53¹8) 'for thou art a giver of strength'; tám, indra, mádam á gahi, kuvin³ nv àsya trpnávaḥ (III. 422) 'come to this gladdening drink, O Indra, (to see) whether thou mayst enjoy it'. 106 I. When the first of two clauses, though in form a principal one, is virtually subordinate in sense (being equivalent to one introduced by 'if' or 'when'), its verb is occassionally accented; e. g. sám ásvaparṇāś cáranti no náro, 'smákam, indra, rathino jayantu (vI. 473¹) 'when our men winged with steeds come together, may the car-fighters of our side, O Indra, win the victory'. 2. Similarly, but much more frequently, the verb of the first of two clauses which are antithetical in sense, is accented4. The occurrence of correlative words like anyá-anyá, éka-éka, vā-vă, ca-ca, often makes the antithesis obvious; e. g. prá pra anyé yánti, páry anyá āsate (III. 9³) '(while) some go on and on, others sit about'; sám ca idhásva agne, prá ca bodhaya enam (VS. XXVII. 2) 'both be kindled, O Agni, and waken this man's knowledge': úd va sincádhvam úpa va prnadhvam (VII. 16¹) 'either pour out or fill up'. If the verb of both clauses is the same, it usually appears (as is natural in the circumstances) in the first only; e. g. dvipắc ca sárvam no ráksa, cátuspad yác ca naḥ svám (AV. vi. 107¹) ‘protect both every biped of ours and whatever quadruped is our own'. 3. The second clause, on the other hand, accents the verb if it contains an imperative (with a final sense), and follows a clause with an imperative of i-, gam- or yā- ‘go'; e. g. éta, dhiyam kṛṇávāma (v. 45°) 'come, let us that we may) make prayer'; tuyam á gahi, kánvesu sácā píba (VIII. 4³) 'come quickly, beside the Kanvas drink thy fill'. - III. Verbal prepositions.-A. The preposition, which generally precedes, but sometimes follows the verb, being often separated from it by other words, ¹ Cp. DELBRÜCK 23, 3, 4; 26, 2; WHITNEY | the verb; cp. GRASSMANN, sub verbo; DEL- 598 a. In the SB. hánta regularly accents BRÜCK 550, end. the verb. 4 This accentuation is more strictly applied in B. than in V., and among the Samhitās least strictly in the RV.; cp. WHITNEY 597 a. 2 Cp. GRASSMANN, Wb. under id and caná. 3 There are only two passages in the RV. (v. 310, 36³) in which kuvid does not accent
