I20 I. Allgemeines und Sprache. 4. Vedic Grammar.
in the RV., but san-ukd- (RV'.) 'desirous of prey' (yjaw-) and the Proper Name per-ukd- (RV.) may be instances. In the AV. occur ghat-uka- 'kilhng', vi-kas-uka- 'bursting', sdm-kas-uka- 'crumbhng up', d-pra-may-uka- 'not dying suddenly'. In the TS. occurs vas-iikd-, but the meaning and derivation are doubtful.
-us : action and agent.
141. This suffix forms neuter action nouns which have mostly a concrete sense, and masculine agent nouns, altogether less than 20 in number. All the substantives except one are accented on the root, which generally takes Guna, but in one instance Vrddhi. Those adjectives which also appear as substantives have the same accentuation; but those stems which are used solely as adjectives accent the suffix.
1. The neuter substantives are : dr-us- (AV.) 'wound', Sy-us- 'life', cdks-us- 'light', tdp-us- 'heat', tdr-us- 'battle', dhdn-us- 'bow', pdr-us- 'knot', ydj-iis- 'worship', vdp-us- 'marvel', sds-us- 'command'; with accent on the suffix: jan-i'is- 'birth' (also m.).
2. The masculine substantives are: ndh-us- 'neighbour', mdn-us- 'man'; adjectives identical in form with neuter substantives are: cdks-us- 'seeing', tdp-us- 'glowing', vdp-us- 'wondrous'; adjectives without corresponding sub- stantives are: jay-us- 'victorious', van-i'cs- 'eager', vid-us-^ 'heedful'; also daks-us- 'flaming' from the aorist stem.
-u : feminine substantives.
142. This rare suffix chiefly forms feminines corresponding to masculines and neuters in -u^. Independent feminine substantives are: cam-U- 'dish', tan-ti- 'body', vadh-U- 'bride'; perhaps pan-a-^ 'admiration'. There are also the compounds pums-cal-d- (VS.) 'courtesan', pra-jan-ii- (AV.) 'organ of generation'.
-Uka : intensive adjectives.
143. This suffix is merely the lengthened form of -uka used in forming a few derivatives from the reduplicated intensive stem. It appears in jagar- ■aka- 'wakeful', dandas-uka- (VS.) 'mordacious', salal-aka- (RV'.) 'wandering aimlessly'.
-ka : agent.
144. This is a very common secondary suffix, but very rarely appears in a primary character. It is thus used in dt-ka- m. 'garment', su-me-ka- 'firmly fixed' {mi- 'fix'), si'is-ka- 'dry', sld-ka- m. 'call' {sru- 'hear'), sto-kd- m. 'drop'. In vric-i-ka- m. 'scorpion' the suffix is added with connecting -i-. The feminine form of the suffix appears in stii-ka- 'flake', ra-kd-, N. of a goddess.
-ia : agent.
145. This suffix is employed almost exclusively to form past participles*, chiefly with passive, sometimes with intransitive meaning. Its more general and original sense is, however, preserved in some words used as adjectives or as substantives with concrete meaning; thus tri-td- 'rough', drdhd- 'firm', si-td- 'cold', vavd-ta-^ 'dear'; m. du-td- 'messenger', sil-td- (AV. VS.) 'charioteer'.
1 With weak root; the only instance of medial vowel other than a in the radical syllable.
2 See below, derivative -k steins, 384.
3 The stem may be pan-u-, as the only
form occurring is the I. sing, fanva.
4 See below, Past passive participles, 572, and the lists in Lindner p. 70 f.
5 From a reduplicated form of va- 'win', and with unusual accent.
