152
I. Allgemeines und Sprache. 4. Vedic Grammar.
3. The of go- 'cow' is reduced to -u in ptisti-gu- 'rearing cows', N. of a man, and su-gu- 'having fine cows'. The -ai of rdi- 'wealth', is reduced to -i in brhdd-ri-'^ 'having abundant wealth'; perhaps also in rdhdd-ri-'^, N. of a man.
4. Final -/' and -u of the first member combine with the low grade form of a of np- 'water' in the last member to i and «, in dvTp-d-^ 'island' {dvi-ap-), pratip-d-m 'against' {prati-) 'the stream', anup-d- 'pond' (atiu-ap-^.
b. On the other hand, radical o in several instances appears lengthened to a+. This occurs in several possessive compounds oi jdni- 'wife': bhadra- jani- 'having a beautiful wife' (only voc), yuva-fatti- 'having a young wife', vittd-jani- 'having found a wife', 'married', and with shifted accent dvi-jdni- 'having two wives' and a-jani- (AV.) 'having no wife'. A similar lengthening appears in prthu-jaghana- (only voc. f.) 'broad-hipped'; sahd-janusa- 'with offspring' (J amis-); 7ii-padd- 'low ground' (padd-); tvdt-pitaras (TS. I. 5. 10^), N. pi. 'having thee as father'; su-vdcas- 'having good speech', 'very eloquent', sd-vacas-^ (AV.) 'employing similar speech', vi-vacas- (AV.) 'speaking in various ways' {vdcas-), vihd-s'arada- (AV.) 'occurring every autumn' {sardd-) 'annual', satd-iarada- 'lasting a hundred autumns'*.
256. Adjectival suffixes. — Adjective compounds not infrequently add certain suffixes to mark their adjectival character more clearly. These suffixes are -ka^ -i, -ya, -a, -in.
1. The suffix -ka is thus used in only two somewhat obscure compounds in the RV. tri-kadru-ka- (only pi.), a designation of certain soma vessels {kadrii-) and try-amia-ka- 'having three mothers' {amba voc); in the AV. occur vt-manyu-ka- 'free from anger' and sahd-kanthi-ka- f. 'with the throat' (kanthd-, B.)^.
2. In the final member of a few Bahuvrihis, the suffix -/ sometimes takes the place of -a; thus prdty-ardhi- 'to whom the half (drdha-) belongs'; dnjana-gandh-i- 'having a smell {gandhd-) of ointment', dhumd-gandhi- 'smelling of smoke', su-gdndki- or su-gandhi 'sweet-smelUng' ; krstd-rad/ii- {AN .) 'attaining success [radha-) in agriculture'.
3. The suffix -ya is frequently added in Bahuvrihis; thus anyodar-ya- 'born from another womb' {uddra-), ddsa-mas-ya-^ 'ten months old', dirgha- jihv-ya- 'long-tongued' '°, mddhu-hast-ya- 'honey-handed', mayi2ra-sep-ya-^-^&z.coc!&- tailed' ", visvd-jan-ya- 'belonging to all men', visvd-dev-ya- 'relating to all gods', vihang-ya- (AV.) 'being in all Hmbs', sd-garbh-ya- (VS.) 'born from the same
1 In the dative brhddraye; cp. BB. 25, 250.
2 In the anomalous gen. sing, rdhad- rayas.
3 Also nif-a- 'low-lying' [ni-ap- 'into which the water flows down') in K.
4 For a. phonetic explanation of this phe- nomenon see Wackernagei, 2', 43 (p. 100); and cp. I, 68.
5 There is a various reading sit-vacasas in AV. VII. 122, on which see Whitney's note.
6 On vi-hayas- 'of extensive power', sdrva- hayas- (AV.) 'having all vigour', su-rama- 'delighting', su-yama- 'guiding well', see Wackernagel 2', p. 10 1 (middle).
7 This suffix, which is never accented, is probably identical with that which forms
adjectives, as anta-ka- 'ending' from anta- 'end'.
8 In the YV. several examples occur; WackIernagel 21, p. 102, quotes from the TS. a-karnd-ka- 'earless', a-dantd-ka- 'tooth- less', a-fadd-ka- 'footless', an-aksi-ka- 'eye- less', an-asihi-ka- 'boneless', a-tvdk-ka- 'skin- less', sdsTr-ka- 'accompanied by a blessing', an-aifr-ka- 'lacking a blessing' ; from the MS. a-cchandds-ka-'ratirtXtss,', an-dstha-ka- 'bone- less'.
9 Also san-niasya- 'six months old', and safia-masya- 'seven months old' in K.
'o Also in TS. some compounds formed with -deva-tya- 'having — for a deity' (devdtd-); nana-vis-yd- (MS.) 'consisting of various villages'.
II Also vi-Hsn-ya- (K.) 'tailless'.
