I. ALLGEMEINES UND SPRACHE. 4. VEDIC GRAMMAR. A.f.kākúdam, drsádam, bhasádam (AV.), śarádam.-m. tri-kakúdam (AV.). I. f. drsáda, śaráda (TS. IV. 4. 12³). - D. f. śaráde. Ab. f. kakudas. -L. f. kakudi (AV.), śarádi. - Pl. N. f. vanádas, śarádas. A. f. farádas. - I. f. farádbhis. - G. f. sarádām (AV.). G. f. śarádām (AV.). — L. f. śarátsu (AV.). - - 200 Stems in radical -dh. 321. Stems ending in -dh are all radical, simple or compound. There are some fifty derived, with only two or three exceptions, from the following sixteen roots: badh- 'oppress', sādh- 'succeed'; idh- ‘kindle', vidh- 'pierce' (= vyadh-), sidh- 'succeed', sridh- 'blunder' (?); ksudh 'be hungry', budh- ‘waken', yudh- ‘fight', rudh- 'grow' and 'obstruct'; ṛdh- 'thrive', mrdh- 'neglect', urdh- 'grow', sprdh- 'contend'. In this declension there occurs no stem distinguishing strong and weak cases. Masculines and feminines are inflected exactly alike. No distinctively neuter forms (N. A. du. pl.) occur, and only four case-forms (G. L. sing.) are found as neuters. There are two monosyllabic m. nouns: výdh- 'strengthening' and (perhaps) bádh-¹; besides seven f. substantives: nádh-² 'bond'; sridh- 'foe'; ksudh hunger', yudh- 'fight'; mrdh- 'conflict', vŕdh- 'prosperity', spŕdh- 'battle'. Neuter cases occur in the sing. (I. G.) of compounds of -vidh, -yudh, and -vṛdh. - a. Three or four stems are of doubtful origin: agnidh- is probably to be explained as agni-dh- priest who prepares (dha- 'put') the fire', rather than as a shortened form of agnidh- fire-kindler' (from idh- kindle') which does not occur in the RV. ³; işidh- 'offering' (RV¹.) is perhaps a shortened form of niş-sidh- 'offering'4; prksúdh- (RV¹.) is obscure in meaning and origin; surudh- f. 'invigorating draught' is perhaps derived from Sydh 'be defiant' with Svarabhakti 5. Inflexion. 322. Sing. N. m. agnit, anu-rút (VS.) and anū-rút loving’; usarbhút ‘waking (budh-) at morn', yaviyt ‘eager to fight', svā-vit (AV. VS.) ‘porcupine' ('dog-piercer', Vvidh-), sam-it 'flaming'. f. ksút (AV.); pra-zýt ‘growth, vi-rút 'plant' (AV.), sam-it7 'fuel'. A. m. vŕdham, and its compounds: anna-výdham 'prospering by food', ahuti-vŕdham 'delighting in sacrifices', gira-výdham 'delighting in praise', tugryã- vŕdham 'favouring the Tugryas', namo-výdham 'honoured by adoration', payo- výdham full of sap', parvata-výdham 'delighting in pressing stones', madhu- vŕdham 'abounding in sweetness', yajña-výdham (AV.) 'abounding in sacrifice', vayo-výdham 'increasing strength', sadyo-výdham 'rejoicing every day', saho- vý dham increasing strength', su-výdham joyous'; agnidham, anu-rudham (VS. xxx. 9), a-sridham 'not failing', usar-búdham, goşu-yudham8 fighting for kine', marma-vidham (AV.) 'piercing the vitals', yajña-sádham 'performing sacrifice', hrdaya-vidham (AV.) 'wounding the heart'. f. kşúdham, yudham, sridham; a-sridham, uşar-búdham, niş-sídham, vīrúdham, sam-rúdham (AV.) ‘check' (in gambling), sam-idham. I. m. su-vydha. - f. kṣudhá (AV.), yudhá, vrdhá; sam-idhā, su-búdha (AV.) ‘good awakening', su-výdhā (AV.), su-ṣam-idha 'good fuel'. - n. payo- výdha, yaviyudhā, sākam-výdha 'growing together'. . 1 In bádhas A. pl. in VI. 11¹ (GRASSMANN); BR. do not acknowledge a m. use of badh-, and in VIII. 4510, IX. 1096 they would join the word with the preceding pári. 2 In nádbhyas (x. 606) if derived from nadh- nah 'bind' (BR. s. v. náh-); but it is more probably - *nábd-bhyas from napt-, weak stem of nápät-, as also indicated by the accent. - = - 3 See above p. 18, note 6. 4 Cp. is-kyti- for nis-krti-. 5 Cp. above 21. 6 From the intensive stem of yudh- 'fight'. 7 In the Amreḍita samit-samit. 8 With the L. pl. goşu instead of the stem go-. 9 Cp. WHITNEY's note on AV. VII. 505.
