I. ALLGEMEINES UND SPRACHE. 4. VEDIC GRAMMAR. G. m. á-dāśuṣas 'not worshipping", á-raruşas, īyúsas, cikitúşas, jagmúşsas, jaghnúsas, janúsas¹ 'knowing', jigyúsas, tatarúşas having crossed', tasthúsas, dadişas, daśúsas5, dīdīyúsas, papúsas, bibhyúsas, mamrúsas (AV.), milhúsas 5, vividúsas 'having found', sedúsas, susuvúsas. - n. vavavrúsas² 'enveloping'. 236 V. m. cikitvas 'seeing', titirvas 'having crossed', dīdivas ‘shining', míḍhvas 5. - With -van: cikitvan3 (AV.). Du. N. A. m. okivámsāª ‘accustomed to', jaganvāmsā, jāgrvámsā, tasthi- vámsā, dīdivámsā, papivámsā, vavanvámsā, vidvámsā ³, šūšuvámsā, šuśruvámsā. With au: vidvámsau 5. Pl. N. m. á-vidvāmsas, cakṛvámsas, cikitvámsas, jakṣivámsas (TS. 1. 4. 44²) 'having eaten', jaganvámsas, jägrvámsas, jigtvámsas, tasthivamsas, titirvamsas, tuştuvamsas 'having praised', dadrvansas 'having burst', dasvamsas, papivamsas (TS. I. 4- 44²), paptivámsas, mīḍhvámsas, ririkvámsas having abandoned', vidvámsas 5, susukvámsas, śūsuvamsas, sasavámsas, sasṛvámsas, sāsahvámsas, sähvamsas, sí-vidvāmsas (TS. IV. 6. 5²), susupvámsas. Weak form for strong: á-bibhyuşas7 (1. 115). The AV. has the hybrid form bhakti- vamsas 8 A. m. cikitusas, jagmúsas, jigyúsas, tasthúsas, daśúsass, milhúsas 5, vidúsas 5, sedúşas. I. m. jagyvádbhis. — G. m. á-dāśuṣām 5, jigyúṣām, dadúṣām, mīlhúṣām 5, vidusāms. 2. Radical Stems in -s. 349. This declension comprises only radical stems, both monosyllabic and compound, formed from some dozen roots, numbering altogether about sixty. Some forty of these occur in the m., nearly thirty in the f., and half a dozen in the n. Nine monosyllabic stems are f., viz. das 'worship', dis- 'direction', dis 'look', nás- 'night', pás- 'sight', pís- 'ornament', prás-9 'dispute', vis 'settlement', vris- 'finger'; but only two m., viz. is 'lord' and spás- 'spy'; all the rest are compounds, about 20 of which are formed from drs. The inflexion is the same in all genders: the only n. forms which would differ from the m. and f. (N. A. du. and pl.) do not occur. - d. The only trace of the distinction of strong and weak forms appears in the nasalization of the stem in the N. sing. m. of some half dozen compounds of -dyś- 'look' 10. b. As the represents an old palatal (40), it normally becomes the cerebral d before terminations heginning with bh, as vid-bhis; but in dis- and -dr- it hecomes a guttural, owing doubtless to the influence of the k in the N. sing. and L. pl. It regularly becomes k before the -su of the L. pl., where it is phonetic (43 b 2); it usually also becomes in the N. sing. (which originally ended in -s. But in four stems it is represented by the cerehral f, e, g. vit, owing to the influence of forms in which the cerebral is phonetic. In puro-dás 'sacrificial cake', the palatal is displaced by the -s of the N.¹¹. ¹ Unreduplicated form from jñā- 'know'. 2 With anomalous additional reduplicative syllable. 3 AV. VII. 97¹ for cikitvas of the corre- sponding verse of the RV. (III. 2916), as if from a vant stem. 4 From uc- 'be wont'. 5 Without reduplication. 6 From ric- 'leave'. 7 See LANMAN 513³. 8 In AV. VI. 793 for the reading of the edition bhaktivamsaḥ syama the Paipp. has bhakṣimahi. 9 From pras- 'question'. LANMAN would correct the reading of AV. II. 277 to práši, explaining the word as a compound (pra-as-), where the accent práši would be regular. 10 That is, -dri, which in its three occur- rences in the RV. appears before vowels and doubles the i: -drin.
- It cannot, however, have been directly
ousted by the N. -s (the former existence of which in consonant stems must have been long forgotten), hut was doubtless due to the influence of ā- stems, such as dravino- dá-s.
