340 I. ALLGEMEINES UND SPRACHE. 4. VEDIC GRAMMAR. 'join'), yodhaná-, rihāṇá-, vásāna-'wearing', vidāna- and vidāná-, vyāná-(√vī-), śáyāna-, śásana- (AV. TS.), sivana- (su- bring forth', AV.), stuvaná- and stavāná-, svāná- (su- 'press', SV.)¹. Imperfect Indicative. 456. Active. Sing. 1. adoham (Kh. v. 15¹4), apām ('protect'), ábravam, avedam, ahanam; ādam (VS. xII. 105), ấyam, āsam, airam (Vīr-). 2. ápās, áyās; áis (AV.); ves (√vī-); with connecting -Î-: abravīs (AV.); āsīs; without ending: áhan; han. 3. ápāt, ayat, avāt (AV.), astaut; áit?; with connecting -I-: ábravīt, avamīt; ánīt, ásīt³; without ending: adhok, ávet (AV.), áhan; ãs (= *ās-t, from as 'be'); hanª. Du. 2. áyatam, ahatam; ástam, áitam; yatam (AV.).— 3. abrūtām (AV.); āttām (VS. XXI. 43), ástām, aitām (AV. VS.). Pl. I. atakṣma, ápāma. - 2. ataşta; áita; abravita; áyatana, ásastana; áitana; ábravitana. — 3. ádihan (AV.), anavan, abruvan, avyan (√vi-); ayan (i- 'go'), ásan; asans (as- 'throw'), -ghnan (Kh. 1. 22); with ending -ur: atvisur, apur (pa- 'protect'); asur (as- 'throw', 1. 179²); cákṣur, duhur. Middle. Sing. 3. acasta, atakta, ávasta (AV.), ásūta; áiṭṭa (Vīḍ-); mṛṣṭa (1. 1744), sūta. Pl. 2. áradhvam. - 3. aghnata (AV.), acakṣata, ajanata, ámrjata (AV.), aśasata; asata, dirata. With ending -ran: aduhran (AV.), áseran. a. 2. The Reduplicating Class. 457. This class is less than half as frequent as the root class, comprising fewer than 50 verbs. The endings are here added to the reduplicated root, which is treated as in the root class, taking Guna in the strong forms. The stem shows the same peculiarity as the desiderative in reduplicating (= ar) and a with i. Here, however, this rule is not invariable. All the roots with
except one reduplicate with i. They are r- 'go': i-y-ar-6; ghr- 'drip': jighar-; tr 'cross': titr-; př- 'fill' and pr- ‘pass': pipar-; bhr- 'bear': bíbhar-; sṛ- 'run' : sisar; pre- 'mix': piprc-; but vrt- 'turn': vavart-. While nine roots redupli- cate a with a, thirteen do so with i. The latter are: gã- 'go': jiga-; ghra- 'smell' : jighra-; pa- 'drink' : piba-; mã- 'measure' mima-; ma- 'bellow': mima-; sa- 'sharpen': síśā-; sthā- 'stand' : tíṣṭha-; hā- ‘go forth': jihi-¹; vac- 'speak' : vivac-; vas- 'desire': vivas-8; vyac- 'extend': vivyac-; sac- 'accompany': sisac-9; han- 'strike' : jighna-. Three of these, however, pa-, stha-, han-, have per- manently gone over to the a- conjugation, while a fourth, ghrā-, is beginning to do so. Contrary to analogy the accent is not, in the majority of verbs belonging to this class, on the root in the strong forms, but on the redupli- cative syllable. The latter is further accented in the 3. pl. act. and mid., as well as in the 1. du. and pl. mid. Doubtless as a result of this accentuation, the verbs of this class lose the n of the endings in the 3. pl. act. and mid. ; e. g. bíbhr-ati ¹0 and jihate. IO 1 To be pronounced thus in the RV., though always written suvăná-. 2 The form aitat (AV. XVIII. 340) seems to | cation and root. be a corruption of áit; see WHITNEY's note in his Translation. 3 Cp. v. NEGELEIN 81; REICHELT BB. 27, 89. VS. VIII. 46 has the transfer form āsat. 4 árudat (AV.) is a transfer to the a- con- jugation. In 1. 77² vés, 3. sing., seems to be an aor. form
- vé-s-t.
5 Unaugmented form IV. 3¹. With -y-interposed between redupli- 7 With 7 for ā; inflected in the middle only. 8 Also vavas-. 9 Also saic-. 10 That is, a replaces the sonant nasal.
