I. ALLGEMEINES UND SPRACHE. 4. VEDIC GRAMMAR. Du. 2. bhūyāstam (VS. 11. 7). — Pl. 1. rdhyásma (AV.), kriyāsma, bhūyāsma (AV. VS.), rādhyāsma (AV.). 2. bhūyāsta¹ (TS. III. 2. 56). Middle. Sing. 3. padīṣṭá, mucīṣṭa². 37° Root Aorist Imperative. 505. The active forms of this mood are fairly numerous, occurring in all the 2. and 3. persons; but middle forms occur in the 2. pers. only, ten in the sing. and two in the pl. In the 2. persons active of all numbers, several forms irregularly strengthen the root, which is then nearly always accented. Active. Sing. 2. kṛdhí, gadhi, bodhí³, yandhi (Vyam-), yódhiª, randhi (= rand-dhi; √ randh-), viḍḍhi (√viš-, AV.), vydhi 'cover', sagdhí (√ šak-), śrudhí, sprdhi. With ending -hi: gahi, pahi (AV.), máhi 'measure', sāhi 'bind'. - 3. gantu, dātu, dhātu, pātu (AV.), bhắtu, śrótu, sótu (su- ‘press'). Du. 2. kartam5 (AV.) and krtám, gatám and gantám³, jitam, dātam, dhaktam (√ dagh-), dhātam, pātam (AV.), bhūtám, bhrtam (VS.xi. 30), yantám 5, riktam (Vric-), varktams (Vvri-), vartam 5 (vr- 'cover'), volhám, śaktam, śrutám, sitam (si- 'bind'), sutám, sthatam, sprtam. 3. gantām 5 (VS. Ix. 19), ghástām (VS. xxi. 43), dātām, pātám, volhámº. Pl. 2. kárta5 and krta, gata and gánta7, gātá, dāta, dháta³, pāta (AV.), bhutá, yánta s, varta⁹ (Vvrt-), sasta (Vsams-), śruta and śróta o, sóta 5 (V su-), sthāta, heta 5 (√ hi-). With ending -tana: kártanas, gántanas, gātana, dhatana, dhetana", patana (AV.), bhūtana, yantana 5, sotana (V su-). 3. gámantu, dantu (da- 'cut', AV. XII. 3³), dhantu, pantu (AV.), śruvantu. - 12 Middle. Sing. 2. krşvá, dhisvá (Vdha-), yuksvá; accented on the root: mátsva, yákṣva, rắsva, vámsva (van- 'win'), sákṣva ¹² (1. 42¹, Vsac-); unaccented disva (da- 'give', VS. xxxvIII. 3), māsva 'measure'. Pl. 2. krdhvam, vodhvam¹3 (VS.). Root Aorist Participle. 506. Of the active form of the participle of the root aorist few examples occur. But the middle form is common, nearly forty examples being met with in the RV. The accent here generally rests on the final syllable of the suffix -āna, but in several examples it is on the radical syllable. Active. rdhánt-, kránt-, gmánt-, citánt, pánt-, bhidánt-, sthánt-; also dyutánt-¹4 as first member of a compound. Middle. arāṇá-, idhāná-, urāṇá- 'choosing', úhāna- (√ vah-), krāṇá-¹5, citāna-, cyávana-, juṣāṇá-, tṛṣāṇó-, dṛśāná- and dŕśana-, dyutaná- and dyútana-, dhuvāná- (TS. IV. 4.125), nidāná-, piśāná-, pṛcāná-, prathāná-, budhāná-, bhiyāná-, manāná-, mandāná-, (vi-)mána- (TS. 1v. 6. 3³), yatāná- and yátāna-, yujāná-, ¹ AV. XVIII. 486 has the corrupt reading bhūyāstha; see WHITNEY's note on that passage. 2 The form grabhīṣṭa is a 2. pl. injv. beside the 1. pl. ind. agrabhisma according to the iş. aorist. 3 From both bhu- 'be' for *bhu-dhi and budh 'awake' for *bód-dhi instead of *bud- dhi. 4 For *ydd-dhi instead of *yuddhi. 5 With strong root. 6 For vah-tam, vah-tam through *vazh-tam,
- vazh-tām.
7 Once (VI. 4911) accented gantá. 8 With the accent of strong forms. 9 For vart-ta (like varti for vart-ti). 10 Always śrutā or śrótā; also sótā (cp. RPr. VII. 14 f.). 11 With e for ā. 12 sáksva (111. 377) is from Vsah-, being an s- aor. form, for *sah-s-sva beside I. sing. mid. asākṣi and saksi. 13 For vah-dhuam through vazh-dhvam. 14 In dyutád-yaman- 'having a shining track'. 15 Cp. BB. 20, 89.
