I. ALLGEMEINES UND SPRACHE. 4. VEDIC GRAMMAR. sarsyte; with -e for -te: cékite, jáńgahe, joguve, badbadhé and bābadhe, yoyuve, sarsré. Du. 3. sarsrāte. Pl. 3. dédišate. 547. a. Subjunctive. Active. Sing. 1. janghánāni. 2. jāgarāsi² (AV.); janghanas, jalgulas. 3. canişkadat, cárkṛṣat, cékitat, janghanat, jāgarat (AV.), dardirat, davidyutat, parpharat, bárbṛhat, mármrjat, marmṛśat, sanisvanat. - Du. 1. janghanava. Pl. 1. carkirama, vevidāma.- 3. carkiran, ('commemorate'), cákaśān² (AV.), pāpatan, sóśucan. Middle. Du. 3. tantasaite.- Pl. 3. jánghananta, jarhrsanta, nonuvanta, marmrjanta, śośucanta. b. Optative. No certain form occurs in the RV. 3, and only two or three in other Samhitas: Sing. 3. vevisyāt (AV.). Pl. 1. jagryāma (VS. TS. MS.), jāgriyāma (TS. 1. 7. 10¹). c. Imperative. Examples of forms of all the 2. and 3. persons are found excepting the 3. pl., but no middle form has been met with. Active. Sing. 2. carkrdhi (AV.) 'remember', jāgrhí, dardrhí, dadrhi, nenigdhi (AV.), barbrhi; janghanthi (AV.), cakaśīhi (VS. TS.), tamstanihi (AV.). With -tat: carkṛtát, jāgṛtāts. 3. dardartu, marmartu, vevestu (AV.); vavadītu (AV.), johavītu (AV.). Du. 2. jāgrtam. - 3. jāgṛtām (AV.). Pl. 2. jagrta (AV.), cankramata6 548. Participle. Active. kánikradat-, kárikrat-, ghánighnat-, -cárikrat- (AV.), cákaśat-, cékitat-, jánghanat-, járbhurat-, jágrat-, dáridrat- (TS. IV. 5. 10¹), dárdrat, dávidyutat, nánnamat-, nánadat, pánipnat, pánīphaṇat-, pépisat-, bóbhuvat- (AV.), mármrjat, yóyuvat- (yu- 'ward off'), rérihat, róruvat-, vávasat- (vāś- 'roar'), vévisat-, šóśucat-, sésidhat-. Middle¹. cékitana-, jáñjabhāna- (AV.), járbhurāṇa-, járhṛṣāṇa-, dándas- ana-, nánnamāna-, pépisana- (AV. TS.), bábadhana-, mémyāna-, yóyuvana- (yu- 'join'), rórucana-, śóśucana-, sársrāṇa-. 392 - Du. 2. adardrtam. 3. avāvašītām. (AV.), ájohavur, adardirur, anonavur. ¹ With irregular accent. 2 With double modal sign. a. The participles badbadhaná- and marmrjāná- (beside mármrjāna-), though irregularly accented, unmistakably belong to the intensive. kánikrat once (1x. 6320) appears as an abbreviated form of kánikrad-at. The participle jánghan-at- syncopates the radical vowel in the gen. sing.: jánghn-at-as; an- other form of the intensive participle from the same root syncopates the radical vowel throughout: ghánighn-at-; also pánipn-at-. The obscure form cākán (x. 29¹) may be the nom. of an intensive participle with anomalous accent for cắkan-at8. 549. Imperfect. Altogether (including unaugmented forms, some of which are used injunctively) about thirty forms of the imperfect occur, among them only four examples of the middle. In the active all persons are re- presented except the 1. du. and the 2. pl.; but in the middle only the 3. sing. and pl. are met with. Active. Sing. 1. acākaśam; dedišam. 2. ajāgar, adardar; dardar. 3. adardar, adardhar, avarīvar; kánişkan, dardar, dávidyot, návīnot; ájohavīt, áyoyavīt, ároravīt, ávāvacīt. Pl. 1. marmṛjmá. 3. acarkṛṣur — 3 Cp. WHITNEY 1009 a. 4 For barbyh-hi, the final h being dropped after being cerebralized before -dhi : *barbrz- dhi (58, 1 b, a; 62, 4 e). 5 This form occurs once in the AV. as a I. person: cp. WHITNEY 1011 a. 6 With anomalous connecting -a- for
- cankran-ta.
- - - 7 The participles rārah-āṇá-, rārakṣ-āṇá-, and jahrs-aná- (beside járhṛṣ-ana-) are pro- bably perfect participles, altbough no other perfect forms with à in the reduplicative syllable occur from these roots (rah-, rakṣ-, hrs-); cp. WHITNEY 1013. = 8 I regard it as 3. sing. perf. inj.
- cākán-t(488). Cp. BARTHOLOMAE, IF. 7, 111,
GRASSMANN, under the root kā-; WHITNEY, Sanskrit Grammar 1013 b; Roots 17.
