The valley campaign was ended, at a cost to the victors of more than 2,700 killed and wounded, besides the sick. This heavy inroad upon a force of 11,000 speaks well for the resistance of the Mexicans, as do their losses, estimated by Scott at over 7,000.[1] Their lack of success must be attributed first of all to bad generalship, which permitted the unchallenged advance of Scott across the range and round Chalco Lake; which depended too much on certain positions in
- ↑ Together with 3,730 prisoners, one seventh being officers, including 13 generals, among them 3 ex-presidents. The capture embraced more than 20 colors and standards, 75 pieces of ordnance, besides 57 wall-pieces, 20,000 small arms, an immense quantity of shot, shells, powder, etc. His report is in U. S. Govt Doc., Cong. 30, Ses. 1, Sen. Ex. 1, p. 384-5. Yet the report of the inspector-general adds only 1,330 military prisoners to those taken before Sept. 7th, whereof 823 on the 13th and 14th. Id., p. 430-1. For list of captured officers, see Archivo Mex., Actas, ii. 374-89. Some accounts place Scott's loss in the valley at 4,600 rank and file, 90-100 officers, and about 1,000 sick. Nacional, Boletin and Sonorense, the latter of Nov. 12, 1847. Scott gives the casualties among his officers at 383, and the losses on the 13th and 14th at 862. Roa Bárcena assumes that 300 of his men suffered from the tumult alone. See also reports in U. S. Govt Doc., Cong. 31, Ses. 1, Sen. Ex. 11; Id., Mess. and Doc., 1847-48, ii. app. 1-236. Details and comments in Bustamante, Invasion, MS., 87-152; Id., Mem. Hist., vii. 1-237; viii. 27-35, the autograph records by this venerable historian, who witnessed many of the scenes. Diario Exact. Mex., MS., 61-5, gives a diary of occurrences in the capital during the siege; and Rayon adds many valuable facts from a military standpoint, in Asedio y Defensa, 157-268, with orders and correspondence. Also Rivera, Hist. Jalapa, iii. 934-56, iv. 5 et seq. Observations by medical men, in Vander Linden, Rel.; Id., Mem. Salud. Mil., pt 3. Official reports of the capture of Mexico, in Arco Iris, Sept. 16-19, Oct. 3-4, 10, 15, Nov. 18-22, Dec. 11, 1847, with estimates of losses; Correo Nac., Dec. 10-11, 1847; Razonador, Nov. 24, 1847; Gen. Lib., Oct. 16, 1847; also Monitor, Federalista, Espir. Pub. Moreliano, Sonorense, and other journals; Scott's Mem., 508-17; McSherry's Puchero, 103-26; Jenkins' Mex. War, 427-31; Addley's McClellan, 31-85, giving the share of this rising officer in the campaign; Frost's Pict. Hist. Mex., 576-90; Mayer's Mex. Aztec., i. 415-16; Semmes' Service Afloat, 400-79; Young's Hist. Mex., 534-7; Zamacois, Hist. Méj., xii. 808-40; Rivera, Gob. Méx., ii. 332-7; Perez, Dicc., ii. 473-85; Balbotin, Invasion, 120.
the popular outburst, and their offensive display of flags for protection. Others exaggerate the cruel conduct of the invaders, while admitting that the worst outrages on their side were committed by renegades from Puebla who tore along with red-banded hats. Apunt. Hist. Guerra, 328-42. Roa Bárcena, however, applauds Scott's attitude as really humane under the circumstances, Recuerdos, 511, and believes with Zamacois, Hist. Méj., xii. 849, that another army might have behaved worse. Even the permission by Scott to ravage hostile localities was acted upon with great limitation. Ripley's War with Mex., ii. 444. Peterson points to the deeds of the English at Badajoz and San Sebastian as horrible compared with the worst isolated cases here. Mil. Heroes, ii. 126. Stragglers continued to be killed by lawless Mexicans. Semmes' Campaign, 355; Mex. War, by English Soldier, 261-2. Additional details in Monitor, Sept. 15, 1847, et seq.; Arco Iris, Sept. 26, 1847; Gen. of Lib., Sept. 25, 1847; Sonorense, Oct. 1, 1847, etc., which speak of plundering léperos, of girls collecting stones, etc.
