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R. U. R. (Rossum's Universal Robots) is a 1920 science-fiction play by the Czech writer Karel Čapek. The play had its world premiere on 2 January 1921 in Hradec Králové, Czechoslovakia. Already in 1921, it was translated into English by Paul Selver, and was adapted for the stage in English by Nigel Playfair in 1922. The American premiere was at the Garrick Theatre in New York City in October 1922, where it ran for 184 performances, a production in which Spencer Tracy and Pat O'Brien played robots in their Broadway debuts. Helena was portrayed by Kentuckian actress and antiwar activist Mary Crane Hone in her Broadway debut. By 1923, it had been translated into thirty languages, and it introduced the word "robot" to science fiction and to the English language.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Theatre_Guild%2C_R_U_R%2C_Act_1.jpg/150px-Theatre_Guild%2C_R_U_R%2C_Act_1.jpg)
Central office of the factory of Rossum's Universal Robots. Entrance on the right. The windows on the front wall look out on the rows of factory chimneys. On the left more managing departments. Domin is sitting in the revolving chair at a large American writing table. On the left-hand wall large maps showing steamship and railroad routes. On the right-hand wall are fastened printed placards. ("Robot's Cheapest Labor," etc.) In contrast to these wall fittings, the floor is covered with a splendid Turkish carpet, a sofa, leather armchair, and filing cabinets. At a desk near the windows Sulla is typing letters.
Domin: To E. M. McVicker and Co., Southampton, England. "We undertake no guarantee for goods damaged in transit. As soon as the consignment was taken on board we drew your captain's attention to the fact that the vessel was unsuitable for the transport of Robots, and we are therefore not responsible for spoiled freight. We beg to remain for Rossum's Universal Robots. Yours truly." [Sulla, who has sat motionless during dictation, now types rapidly for a few seconds, then stops, withdrawing the completed letter.] Ready?
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