The World Factbook (1990)/Johnston Atoll

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​Johnston Atoll (territory of the US)

 See regional map X


Geography


Total area: 2.8 km²; land area: 2.8 km²

Comparative area: about 4.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

Land boundaries: none

Coastline: 10 km

Maritime claims:

Contiguous zone: 12 nm
Continental shelf: 200 m
Extended economic zone: 200 nm
Territorial sea: 12 nm

Climate: tropical, but generally dry; consistent northeast trade winds with little seasonal temperature variation

Terrain: mostly flat with a maximum elevation of 4 meters

Natural resources: guano (deposits worked until about 1890)

Land use: 0% arable land; 0% permanent crops; 0% meadows and pastures; 0% forest and woodland; 100% other

Environment: some low-growing vegetation

Note: strategic location 1,328 km west-southwest of Honolulu in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-third of the way between Hawaii and the Marshall Islands; Johnston Island and Sand Island are natural islands; North Island (Akau) and East Island (Hikina) are manmade islands formed from coral dredging; closed to the public; former nuclear weapons test site

People


Population: 1,203 (December 1989); all US government personnel and contractors

Government


Long-form name: none (territory of the US)

Type: unincorporated territory of the US administered by the US Defense Nuclear Agency (DNA) and managed cooperatively by DNA and the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior as part of the National Wildlife Refuge system

Diplomatic representation: none (territory of the US)

Flag: the flag of the US is used

Economy


Overview: Economic activity is limited to providing services to US military personnel and contractors located on the island. All food and manufactured goods must be imported.

Communications


Ports: Johnston Island

Airports: 1 with permanent-surface runway 2,743 m

Telecommunications: excellent system including 60-channel submarine cable, Autodin, SRT terminal, digital telephone switch. Military Affiliated Radio System (MARS station), and a (receive only) commercial satellite television system

Note: US Coast Guard operates a LORAN transmitting station

Defense Forces


Note: defense is the responsibility of the US

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