Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute/Volume 30

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TRANSACTIONS


OF THE


NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE


TRANSACTIONS


AND


PROCEEDINGS


OF THE


NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE,


1897


VOL. XXX.

(Thirteenth of New Series)


EDITED AND PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE INSTITUTE


By

SIR JAMES HECTOR, K.C.M.G., M.D., F.R.S.

Director


Issued June, 1898.


WELLINGTON:

JOHN MACKAY, GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

KEGAN, PAUL, TRENCH, TRÜBNER & CO., PATERNOSTER HOUSE,
CHARING CROSS ROAD, LONDON


CONTENTS.




TRANSACTIONS.




I.—Miscellaneous.
PAGES.
Art. I. On Material and Scientific Progress in New Zealand pages during the Victorian Era. By W. T. L. Travers, F.L.S. 1–23
II. On Rock Pictographs in South Canterbury. By A. Hamilton 24–29
III. Did the Maori discover the Greenstone? By Joshua Rutland29–32
IV. Tuhoe Land: Notes on the Origin, History, Customs, and Traditions of the Tuhoe or Urewera Tribe. By Elsdon Best 33–41
V. The Building of Hotunui, Whare Whakairo, W. H. Taipari's Carved House at Thames, 1878. Told by Mereana Mokomoko, Widow of the late Chief W. H. Taipari, to Gilbert Mair, 12th July, 1897 41–44
VI. The Insulation of Cold Stores. By Professor F. D. Brown 44–49
VII. Thoughts on Comparative Mythology. By Edward Tregear 50–65
VIII. The State Prevention of Consumption. By E. Roberton, M.D. 66–79
IX. The Tides, Currents, and the Moon. By W. Buchanan 79–87
X. Marsh-lights. By R. Coupland Harding 87–93
XI. Under the Southern Cross; or, Life in the South Seas: Fairy Tales and Folk-lore.[1] By F. W. Christian, B. A. 93–109
XII. On the Influence of the Ideal. By E. A. Mackechnie 109–118
XIII. On an Objection to Le Sage's Theory of Gravitation. By C. Coleridge Farr, B. Sc. 118–120
XIV. On the Magnetic Force parallel to the Axis in the Interior of Solenoids. [Abstract.] By C. Coleridge Farr 121
XV. Upon a Common Vital Force. By Coleman Phillips 122–130
XVI. On Maori Stone Implements. By Captain Hutton, F.R.S. 130–134
II.—Zoology.
XVII. The Grasshoppers and Locusts of New Zealand and the Kermadec Islands. By Captain F. W. Hutton, F.R.S., Curator of the Canterbury Museum, Christchurch 135–150
XVIII. Note on the Ancient Maori Dog. By Captain F. W. Hutton 151–155
XIX. On a Collection of Insects from the Chatham Islands, with Descriptions of Three New Species. By Captain F. W. Hutton 155–160
XX. On the Phasmidæ of New Zealand. By Captain F. W. Hutton 160–166
XXI. Synopsis of the Hemiptera of New Zealand which have been described previous to 1896. By Captain F. W. Hutton 167–187
XXII. Notes on New Zealand Starfishes. By H. Farquhar. Communicated by E. Lukins 187–191
XXIII. A List of Recent and Fossil Bryozoa collected in Various Parts of New Zealand. By A. Hamilton 192–199
XXIV. On the Hydroids of the Neighbourhood of Dunedin. By F. W. Hilgendorf, M.A. 200–218
XXV. On the Occurrence of Pedicellina in New Zealand. By F. W. Hilgendorf 218
XXVI. Further Coccid Notes: with Description of New Species, and Discussion of Points of Interest. By W. M. Maskell, Registrar of the University of New Zealand, Corr. Mem. Roy. Soc. of South Australia 219–252
XXVII. Notes on Regalecus Sp. By S. H. Drew, F.L.S. 253–254
XXVIII. Notes on Occurrence of Regalecus argenteus on the Taranaki Coast. By F. E. Clarke 254–266
XXIX. Notes on Acclimatisation in New Zealand. By A. Bathgate 266–279
XXX. Notes on Bird-life in the West Coast Sounds. By Richard Henry. Communicated by Sir J. Hector 279–293
XXXI. A Romance of Samoan Natural History; or, Records relating to the Manu Mea, or Red Bird of Samoa, now nearly, if not quite, extinct. By the Rev. John B. Stair, late Vicar of St. Arnaud, Victoria, formerly of Samoa. Communicated by E. Tregear, F.R.G.S. 293–303
XXXII. On Rats, and their Nesting in Small Branches of Trees. By Taylor White 303–309
XXXIII. Notes on Patellidæ, with reference to Species found on the Rocks at Island and Lyall's Bays. By W. T. L. Travers, F.L.S. 309–312
XXXIV. Notes on New Zealand Sponges: Fourth Paper. By H. B. Kirk, M.A. 313–316
XXXV. On the Sponges described in Dieffenbach's "New Zealand." By Arthur Dendy, D.Sc, Professor of Biology in the Canterbury College, University of New Zealand 316–320
XXXVI. Notes on a Remarkable Collection of Marine Animals lately found on the New Brighton Beach, near Christchurch, New Zealand. By Arthur Dendy 320–326
XXXVII. A Synonymic List of the Lepidoptera of New Zealand. By Richard W. Fereday, F.E.S. 326–377
III.-Botany.
XXXVIII. Description of a New Species of Drimys. By T. Kirk, F.L.S. 379–380
XXXIX. Remarks on Gunnera "ovata," Petrie, and G. flavida, Colenso, in Reply to Mr. Petrie. By T. Kirk 380–381
XL. On New Australian and New Zealand Lichens. By James Stirton, M.D., F.L.S. Communicated by T. W. Naylor Beckett, F.L.S. 382–393
XLI. A New Classification of the Genus Pyxine. By Dr. James Stirton. Communicated by T. W. Naylor Beckett, F.L.S. 393–398
XLII. New Zealand Musci: Notes on a New Species of Moss belonging to the Genus Seligera. By R. Brown398–399
XLIII. New Zealand Musci: Notes on the Genus Tortula, with Descriptions of New Species. By R. Brown 399–409
XLIV. New Zealand Musci: Notes on the Genus Streptopogon, Wills, with Description of a New Species. By R. Brown 409–410
XLV. New Zealand Musci: Notes on New Genus Dendia. By R. Brown 411–412
XLVI. Notes on New Zealand Musci, and Descriptions of Two New Species. By R. Brown 412–414
XLVII. On the Botany of Hikurangi Mountain. By James Adams, B.A. 414–433
XLVIII. Description of a New Native Species of Coprosma. By D. Petrie, M.A., F.L.S. 433–434
XLIX. On Curious Forms of New Zealand Fern. By H. C. Field 434–435
L. On the Freezing of New Zealand Alpine Plants: Notes of an Experiment conducted in the Freezing-chamber, Lyttelton. By L. Cockayne 435–442
LI. Notes on the Wangapeka Valley, Nelson. By R. I. Kingsley 442–444
IV.—Geology.
LII. Notes on a Specimen of Euryapteryx from Southland. By A. Hamilton 445–446
LIII. Notes on the Recent Earthquake. By H. C. Field 447–457
V.—Physics.
LIV. On the Screening of Electro-motive Force in the Fields produced by Leyden-jar Discharges. By J. A. Erskine 459–462
LV. On the Relative Commercial Values of Pumice and Charcoal for Purposes of Insulation. By W. T. Firth 463–465
LVI. Notes on the Vertical Component of the Motions of the Earth's Atmosphere. By Major-General Schaw, C.B. (late R.E.) 465–476
LVII. The Histories of the Storms of the 30th January and the 16th April, 1897. By Major-General Schaw 477–486
VI.—Chemistry.
LVIII. On the Distillation Products of the Blackball Coal. By Dr. W. P. Evans 487–494
LIX. On a Convenient Form of Oil-bath for studying the Influence of Definite Temperatures on Solids. By Dr. W. P. Evans 495–496
LX. On the Error introduced by using a Coal-gas Flame while determining the Percentage of Sulphur in Coals, with Especial Reference to the Methods "Eschka" and "Nakamura." By Dr. W. P. Evans 496–497
LXI. On an Improved Adjustable Drip-proof Bunsen Burner. By Dr. W. P. Evans 497–498
LXII. On the Electro-deposition of Gold upon the Gold of our Drifts. By William Skey, Analyst to the Department of Mines 498–509
LXIII. On the Decomposition of Water by Tannic Acid in Conjunction with an Alkali. By William Skey 509–510
LXIV. On the Liberation of Hydrogen in a certain Variation of the Apparatus used for cyaniding Gold. By William Skey 510–512
LXV. On the Rapid Action of Strong Cyanide Solutions on Gold superficially. By William Skey 512–513
VII.—Addenda.
LXVI. On the Hawke's Bay Plain: Past and Present. By H. Hill, B.A., F.G.S. 515–531
LXVII. On Swallows and Martins at Hicks Bay. By H. Hill 532
LXVIII. On Maori Middens at Wainui, Poverty Bay. By F. Hutchinson 533–536

NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE.
Twenty-ninth Annual Report 593–595
Accounts for 1896–97 595

PROCEEDINGS.

WELLINGTON PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.
Exhibit of Histiopterus labiosus; New Zealand Pigeon; &c. 546
Remarks on the Manu Mea (Red Bird of Samoa). By F. W. Christian 548
Demonstration of Pathological Specimens, illustrating Diseases of Domesticated Animals. By G. H. Barker 550–551
On a Specimen of Xiphias gladius, the Northern Swordfish. By Sir J. Hector 551–552
Description of Recent Earthquakes, especially that of 21st September. By Sir J. Hector 552
Exhibit of New Zealand Quail 552
Remark on Earthquake of 21st September. By W. T. L. Travers 552
Nomination of Elector of Governors of the Institute 553
Remarks on Mr. Harding's Paper on Will-o'-the-wisps. By W. T. L. Travers 553
On the Industries of Animals. By G. Heriot Barker 553–554
Remarks on a Skeleton of a Sea-leopardess. By Sir J. Hector 555
Remarks on Scorpio afer. By Sir J. Hector 556
Remarks on Parmophorus unguis. By Sir J. Hector 556
Remarks on a Tooth of Pseudoscarus sp. By Sir J. Hector 556
Remarks on Formol. By Mr. Mestayer 556
Election of a Governor of the Institute 557
Remarks on a Skeleton of a Sea-lioness. By Sir J. Hector 557
Abstract of Annual Report 558–559
Election of Officers for 1898 559
Criticism of Mr. P. Marshall's Paper on Dodonidia helmsi, in Vol. xxviii. By E. F. Hawthorne 559–560
On Solanum hamiltonii. By T. Kirk, F.L.S. 561
Exhibit of Chitons collected by Miss Mestayer 561
AUCKLAND INSTITUTE.
Remarks on the Museum. Inaugural Address by E. Roberton, M.D., President 562
"A," a Passage in Archaeology. By Professor Talbot-Tubbs 562
On Ore-deposits. By A. Montgomery 563
On Insect Life in Gardens. By P. Marshall, F.E.S. 563
On "The Ether." By Professor F. D. Brown 564
On Corals and Coral Reefs. By Professor A. P. Thomas 564
Abstract of Annual Report 564–567
Election of Officers for 1898 567
PHILOSOPHICAL INSTITUTE OF CANTERBURY.
On the Science of History. By Professor E. J. Mathew, M.A., LL.B. 568
On Some New Zealand Seaweeds. By R. M. Laing, M.A. 568
Exhibit of Winter-flowering Iris and Hybrid Hellebore by L. Cockayne 569
On the Evolution of Art. By S. Hurst Seagar, A.R.I.B.A. 570
Remarks on the Marsupial Mole (Notoryctes typhlops). By Professor Dendy 570
Remarks on Palæolithic Implements from Africa. By Captain Hutton 571
Remarks on Limulus polyphemus. By Professor Dendy 571
Resolution regarding the late Mr. Thomas Kirk, F.L.S. 571
Description of Minerals from West Australia. By C. J. Wentworth Cookson 571
Resolution regarding the late Professor T. Jeffery Parker, F.R.S. (in Report) 572
Abstract of Annual Report 572–573
Election of Officers for 1898 573
Hypnotism: Presidential Address. By Dr. Thomas 573
OTAGO INSTITUTE.
Resignation of the President 574
By-election of Officers 574
Remarks on a Skeleton of Harpagornis. By Professor Parker 574
Some Chapters in the History of Zoology. By Professor Parker 574
Remarks on Regalecus argenteus. By Professor Parker 574–575
Remarks on Haplodactylus meandratus. By Professor Parker 575
On the Armour of the Kingsmill Islanders. By Professor Parker 575
On a Mask from New Britain. By Professor Parker 575
Notes on a Specimen of the Scaled Tunny (Lepidothynnus huttoni). By Professor Parker 675
Description of Ancient and Modern Gems and Medals, including the Gemma Augusta. By A. Hamilton 575–576
Notes on New Zealand Fisheries. By G. M. Thomson, F.L.S. 576
Recent Researches on Anaspides. By G. M. Thomson 580
Exhibit and Description of Munida subrugosa 580
On Cnemiornis calcitrans and C. minor. By A. Hamilton 581
On Some New Zealand Fresh-water Algæ. By J. S. Tennant, B.A., B.S. 681
On Some Seaweeds from Dunedin. By J. Crosbie Smith 581
Resolution regarding the late Professor T. Jeffery Parker, F.R.S. 581–582
Notes on the New Zealand Brachyura. By G. M. Thomson 582
A Revision of the New Zealand Anomoura. By G. M. Thomson 582
On a New Marine Alga (Nitophyllum microphylla). By J. Crosbie Smith 582
Abstract of Annual Report 582–583
Report of the Committee on the Proposed Marine Fish-hatchery 583–584
Election of Officers for 1898 584
On the Undulations of the Ether. Presidential Address by Professor Shand 584
HAWKE'S BAY PHILOSOPHICAL INSTITUTE.
Inaugural Address: On the Civilisation of the Saracens, and what we owe to them. By T. C. Moore, M.D., President 585
On the Sun as a Star, and its Place in the Heavens. By T. Tanner 585
On Germs and their Relation to Disease. By Dr. J. H. E. Jarvis 585
On the Illustration of Books. By W. Dinwiddie 586
The Fleeing Maru-iwi walk over Glenshea Cliffs at night. By Taylor White 686
Have we Remains of a Swimming Swan like Moa? By Taylor White 586
The Ceremony of Rahui. By Taylor White 586
Moa—the Bird and the Tree. By Taylor White 586
The Customs of the Australian Aborigines. By Dr. Leahy 586
A Comparison of New Zealand and Australian Mortality. By C. E. Adams, B.Sc., A.I.A. 586
A Comparison of the Mortality in New Zealand from 1850–70, and from 1870–90. By C. E. Adams 586
The Röntgen Rays. By A. Milne-Thompson, M.B., C.M. 586
Abstract of Annual Report 587
Election of Officers for 1898 587
WESTLAND INSTITUTE.
Abstract of Annual Report 588
Election of Officers for 1898 588
NELSON PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.
List of Donations 589
Abstract of Annual Report 589–590
Election of Officers for 1898 590
Proposal to amalgamate with Nelson Institute 590

APPENDIX.

Meteorological Statistics for 1897 593
Notes on the Weather for 1897 594
Earthquakes reported in New Zealand during 1896 595
Honorary Members of the New Zealand Institute 596
Ordinary Members of the New Zealand Institute 597–605
Institutions and Individuals to whom this Volume is presented 606–610
Alphabetical Index 611–615

Contents v.–xi.
List of Plates xiii.
Board of Governors of the New Zealand Institute xv.
Abstract of Rules and Statutes of the New Zealand Institute xv.–xvii.
Roll of Incorporated Societies xviii.
Officers of Incorporated Societies, and Extracts from the Rules xviii.–xxi.




LIST OF PLATES.

Note.—These are placed together at the end of the volume.


Plate To
illustrate
Art.
I. Hamilton.—Rock-pictographs II.
II. {{{1}}} II.
III. {{{1}}} II.
IV. {{{1}}} II.
V. {{{1}}} II.
VI. {{{1}}} II.
VII. {{{1}}} II.
VIII. {{{1}}} II.
IX. {{{1}}} II.
X. {{{1}}} II.
XI. F. D. Brown.—To illustrate Observations on Insulation VI.
XII. {{{1}}} VI.
XIII. Hutton.—Maori Stone Implements XVI.
XIV. {{{1}}} Grasshoppers XVII.
XV. {{{1}}} Maori-dog Skulls XVIII.
XVI. Hilgendorf.—Hydroids XXIV.
XVII. {{{1}}} XXIV.
XVIII. {{{1}}} XXIV.
XIX. {{{1}}} XXIV.
XX. {{{1}}} XXIV.
XXI. {{{1}}} XXIV.
XXII. {{{1}}}Pedicellina gracilis XXV.
XXIII. Maskell.—Coccids XXVI.
XXIV. {{{1}}} XXVI.
XXV. {{{1}}} XXVI.
XXVI. {{{1}}} XXVI.
XXVII. {{{1}}} XXVI.
XXVIII. Clarke.Regalecus argenteus XXVIII.
XXIX. {{{1}}} XXVIII.
XXX. {{{1}}} XXVIII.
XXXI. H. B. Kirk.—New Zealand Sponges XXXIV.
XXXII. {{{1}}} XXXIV.
XXXIII. Dendy.—New Zealand Sponges XXXV.
XXXIV. {{{1}}} XXXV.
XXXV. R. Brown.—New Zealand Mosses XLIII.
XXXVI. {{{1}}} XLIII.
XXXVII. {{{1}}} XLIII.
XXXVIII. {{{1}}} XLIII.
XXXIX. {{{1}}} XLIII.
XL. {{{1}}} XLIII.
XLI. {{{1}}} XLII., XLIV.,
XLV., XLVI.
XLII. Schaw.—Diagrams of Storms LVII.
XLIII. {{{1}}} LVII.
XLIV. {{{1}}} LVII.
XLV. {{{1}}} Wind-vane LVI.


  1. The title printed at head of the article is "On the Outlying Islands."