Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute/Volume 29

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TRANSACTIONS


OF THE


NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE


TRANSACTIONS


AND


PROCEEDINGS


OF THE


NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE,


1896


VOL. XXIX.

(Twelfth of New Series)


EDITED AND PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE INSTITUTE


By

SIR JAMES HECTOR, K.C.M.G., M.D., F.R.S.

Director


Issued June, 1897.


WELLINGTON:

JOHN MACKAY, GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

KEGAN, PAUL, TRENCH, TRÜBNER & CO., PATERNOSTER HOUSE,
CHARING CROSS ROAD, LONDON


CONTENTS.




TRANSACTIONS.




I.—Miscellaneous.
PAGES.
Art. I. Traces of Civilization: An Inquiry into the History pages of the Pacific. By Joshua Rutland. Communicated by E. Tregear, F.R.G.S. 1–51
II. An Investigation into the Rates of Mortality in New Zealand during the Period 1881–91. By C. E. Adams, B.Sc, A.I.A., F.S.S., Lecturer on Applied Mathematics, Lincoln College 52–60
III. Australasian Weather-charts and New Zealand Storms. By Major-General Schaw, R.E., C.B. 61–71
IV. A Comparison between the Animal Mind and the Human Mind. By Charles W. Purnell 71–82
V. A Phase of Hypnotism. By Edward Tregear 83–94
VI. Kerns and Serifs. By R. Coupland Harding 95–99
VII. On Fires in Coal-ships: Their Causes and Prevention. By J. C. Firth 100–111
VIII. Presidential Address. By W. T. L. Travers, F.L.S. 111–129
IX. Presidential Address. By the Rev. William Colenso, F.R.S., F.L.S. 129–150
X. The Maoris To-day and To-morrow. By H. Hill, B.A., F.G.S. 150–162
XI. On the Poua and Other Extinct Birds of the Chatham Islands. By Taylor White 162–168
XII. Notes from Murihiku. By A. Hamilton 169–178
II.–Zoology.
XIII. Notes on the Ornithology of New Zealand. By Sir Walter L. Buller, D.Sc., K.C.M.G., F.R.S. 179–207
XIV. The Stenopelmatidæ of New Zealand. By Captain F. W. Hutton, F.R.S. 208–242
XV. Note on the Mantis found in New Zealand. By Captain F. W. Hutton, F.R.S., Curator of the Canterbury Museum 242–243
XVI. On Two New Globe-fish. By F. E. Clarke 243–250
XVII. Notes on the Occurrence of a Species of Lophotes on the Coast of Taranaki. By F. E. Clarke 251–252
XVIII. Notes on certain Species of New Zealand Ducks. By W. W. Smith, F.E.S. 252–256
XIX. On Virgularia gracillima in Lyttelton Harbour. By Arthur Dendy, D.Sc, F.L.S., Professor of Biology in the Canterbury College, University of New Zealand 256–257
XX. Notes on New Zealand Land Planarians: Part III. By Arthur Dendy 258–264
XXI. The Lizards (Lacertilia) indigenous to New Zealand. By A. H. S. Lucas, M.A., B.Sc., and C. Frost, F.L.S. Communicated by Captain F. W. Hutton 264–280
XXII. Notes on the Cicadas of New Zealand. By A. T. Potter 280–282
XXIII. Descriptions of Two New Species of Lepidoptera. By E. F. Hawthorne 282–283
XXIV. Described Species of New Zealand Araneæ omitted from the Catalogue of 1891, "Transactions of the New Zealand Institute." By A. T. Urquhart 284
XXV. Natural History Notes. By S. H. Drew, Curator of the Public Museum, Wanganui. Communicated by Sir J. Hector 284–287
XXVI. On Formol for Preservation of Natural History Specimens. By S. H. Drew 288–290
XXVII. On some Tick-parasites of the Kiwi. By W. M. Maskell 290–293
XXVIII. Further Coccid Notes: with Descriptions of New Species, and Discussion of Points of Interest. By W. M. Maskell, Registrar of the University of New Zealand, Corr. Mem. Roy. Soc. of South Australia 293–331
III.–Botany.
XXIX. On the Flora of the North Cape District. By T. F. Cheeseman, F.L.S., F.Z.S., Curator of the Auckland Museum 333–385
XXX. Notice of the Establishment of Vallisneria spiralis in Lake Takapuna, together with some Remarks on its Life-history. By T. F. Cheeseman 386–390
XXXI. On some Plants new to the New Zealand Flora. By T. F. Cheeseman 390–393
XXXII. An Account of the Plants growing at "The Gums," Taita. By T. Mason 393–412
XXXIII. Notes on the Occurrence of Kauri-gum in the Kahikatea Forest at Turua. By L. J. Bagnall 412–413
XXXIV. A Description of some New Indigenous New Zealand Forest Ferns. By the Rev. W. Colenso, F.R.S., F.L.S. 414–421
XXXV. Supplement to List of Flowering-plants indigenous to Otago. By D. Petrie, M.A., F.L.S. 421–422
XXXVI. Note on Gunnera ovata, Petrie. By D. Petrie 422–424
XXXVII. Descriptions of New Native Plants. By D. Petrie 425–426
XXXVIII. A Modern Chapter in Vegetable Physiology. By D. Petrie 427–441
XXXIX. On New Zealand Mosses. By T. W. Naylor Beckett, F.L.S. 441–445
XL. Notes on several Species of Delesseria, One being New. By Robert M. Laing, B.Sc. 446–450
XLI. New Zealand Musci: Notes on the Genus Dicranum, with Description of New Species, including Some Doubtful Species of Blindia. By Robert Brown 451–465
XLII. Notes on the New Zealand Musci, and Descriptions of New Species. By Robert Brown 465–477
XLIII. Further Notes on the New Zealand Musci: Genus Trichostomum, with Descriptions of Some New Species. By Robert Brown 478–490
XLIV. On the Disappearance of the New Zealand Bush. By the Rev. P. Walsh 490–496
XLV. Description of a New Genus of Gramineæ. By T. Kirk, F.L.S. 497
XLVI. Remarks on Paratrophis heterophylla, Bl. By T. Kirk 498–500
XLVII. On Carmichaelia, Corallospartmm, Huttonella, and Notospartium. By T. Kirk 501–509
XLVIII. Notes on the Botany of the East Cape District. By T. Kirk 509–532
XLIX. On the History of Botany in Otago. By T. Kirk 532–540
IV.–Geology.
L. The Moas of the North Island of New Zealand. By Captain F. W. Hutton, F.R.S., Curator of the Canterbury Museum 541–557
LI. On the Leg-bones of Meionornis from Glenmark. By Captain F. W. Hutton 557–560
LII. On Two Moa-skulls in the Canterbury Museum. By Captain F. W. Hutton 561–564
LIII. On Alterations in the Coast-line of the North Island of New Zealand. By C. F. Maxwell 564–567
LIV. On Artesian Water Prospects in Poverty Bay and Gisborne. By H. Hill, B.A., F.G.S. 567–571
LV. On a Volcanic-dust Shower in Napier. By H. Hill 571–572
V.—Chemistry.
LVI. On the Bromine Method of Estimating Sulphur in Gaseous Compounds. By Dr. W. P. Evans 573
LVII. Refraction and Reflexion of x-rays. By Dr. W. P. Evans 573–574
LVIII. On the Position that Cyanogen holds in Relation to the Simple Radicals, and its Inability to combine directly with Silver or Gold. By William Skey, Analyst to the Department of Mines 574–576
LIX. Further Results showing that Free Cyanogen does not dissolve or even attack Gold. By William Skey 576–581
LX. On the Conductivity of certain Substances hitherto supposed to be Non-conducting for Voltaic Electricity. By William Skey 581–582
LXI. On the Oxidation of Mercury in Air and Water; also of Iron in Alkaline Solution. By William Skey 582–588
LXII. Notes on some Experiments with Chemical Manures. By W. F. Worley 588–590

NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE.
Twenty-eighth Annual Report 593–595
Accounts for 1895–96 595

PROCEEDINGS.

WELLINGTON PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.
Resolution regarding the late Hon. R. Pharazyn, M.L.C., and the late Mr. C. R. Carter 602
On the Brunner Mine Disaster. By Sir J. Hector 602–603
List of Exhibits 603
Exhibit of Drawings of Lepidoptera. By G. V. Hudson 607
Notes on Moa-bones in Gold-drift. By Sir J. Hector 607–608
Notes on the Vegetable Caterpillar. By C. Fitton. Communicated by G. V. Hudson 608–609
Nomination of Elector of Governors of the New Zealand Institute 610
Nomination of Honorary Members of the New Zealand Institute 610
Congratulations to Mr. Tregear 611
Election of a Governor of the New Zealand Institute 612
Election of Honorary Members of the New Zealand Institute 612
Remarks on the Preservation of Ancient Maori Records. By Sir J. Hector 612
Remarks on a Specimen of Osmium-iridium from Parapara. By Sir J. Hector 613
Note on a Rain of Blood in Australia. By Sir J. Hector 613
Abstract of Annual Report 613
Election of Officers for 1897 613
On Volcanic and Seismic Phenomena. By H. C. Field 615
AUCKLAND INSTITUTE.
On Fluorescence. By Professor F. D. Brown 616
Notice of the Occurrence of Diadema nerina in the Waikato. By S. T. Seddon 616–617
On South Africa. By F. G. Ewington 617
On Carlyle. By Professor C. W. Egerton 617
The Narcissus: Its History, Varieties, and Cultivation. By Professor A. P. Thomas, F.L.S. 618
A Month with the Maori. By Professor H. W. Segar 618
On Anti-toxins. By Dr. S. Roberton 618
Abstract of Annual Report 618–621
Election of Officers for 1897 621
PHILOSOPHICAL INSTITUTE OF CANTERBURY.
List of Exhibits 622
The Historical Development of Domestic Art. By S. Hurst Seager, A.R.I.B.A. 622
On the Sulphur in the Christchurch Gas. By Dr. W. P. Evans 623
The French Miracle Plays. By Professor Michell-Clarke 623
The Behaviour of Solids under High Intensity of Stress. By Professor R. J. Scott, M.A. 623
Water Filtration. By Dr. W. H. Symes 623
The Improvement of Wild Flowers by Artificial Selection. By L. Cockayne 623
Synonymic List of New Zealand Lepidoptera. By R. W. Fereday 624
Order in the Irregularity in the Periodic Law. By Professor Bickerton 624
On the Cosmic Importance of Helium and other Light Gases. By Professor Bickerton 624
Abstract of Annual Report 624–625
Election of Officers for 1897 625
Presidential Address: On some Recent Progress in Biology. By Professor Dendy 625
OTAGO INSTITUTE.
Resignation and Election of an Officer 626
On the Electric Discharge and Rontgen Photographic Rays. By Professor Shand 626
Report on the Establishment of a Fish-hatching Station 626
Note on a Specimen of Orthagoriscus mola. By Professor Parker 627
Remarks on a Proposed Fish-hatchery. By G. M. Thomson 627
Review of the Theories that have been advanced to account for the Occurrence of Gold in Auriferous Lodes. By J. R. Don, D.Sc. 627
On Fire-raising by Friction. By C. W. Adams 628
On a Piece of Aztec Statuary representing the Sacrifice of a Human Victim. By Dr. Hocken 628
Remarks on a Skeleton of Harpagornis. By Professor Parker 628
Account of the Work and Aims of the International Seismological Committee 628
Grant made to the Timaru Seismological Station 628
The Rise and Growth of the New Zealand Constitution. By Dr. Hocken 628
Resolution regarding the late Baron Sir F. von Mueller 628
Remarks on Fossils from St. Bathan's. By G. M. Thomson 628–629
Remarks on Additions to the Museum. By Professor Parker 629
Notes on the Birds of the Waitati Valley. By Alexander Wilson, M.A. 629
A List of Species of Polyzoa collected in Various Parts of New Zealand. By A. Hamilton 629
Notes on a Deposit of Moa-bones at Macrae's. By A. Hamilton 629
Abstract of Annual Report 629–630
Election of Officers for 1897 630
Remarks on Additions to the Museum collected in Sydney. By Professor Parker 630
Presidential Address. By A. Hamilton 630
HAWKE'S BAY PHILOSOPHICAL INSTITUTE.
Proposal to endow the Museum 631
On Fire, with Remarks on Native Methods of producing Fire. By the Rev. W. Colenso 631
The Victoria regia Lily. By the Rev. W. Colenso 631
On some Common Shells of the Napier Beach. By F. Hutchinson 631
Arctic Adventure and Theories. By H. Hill, B.A., F.G.S. 631
Exhibit of New Zealand Lepidoptera by Mr. Norris 631
John Rutherford, the Pakeha-Maori. By Taylor White 632
New Lights on Old Egypt. By T. C. Moore, M.D., 632
Exhibit of New Zealand Coleoptera by Mr. Norris 634
University Extension in New Zealand. By H. Hill, B.A., F.G.S. 632
Note on the Poua and other Extinct Birds of the Chathams. By Taylor White 632
Rats nesting in Trees. By Taylor White 633
Further Notes on the New Zealand Dog. By Taylor White 633
Curious Articles of Vegetable Food, and the Modes of Cooking in Use by the Maoris. By the Rev. W. Colenso 633
Abstract of Annual Report 633
Election of Officers for 1897 633
WESTLAND INSTITUTE.
Abstract of Annual Report 681
Election of Officers for 1897 634
NELSON PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.
Notes on the Fauna, Flora, and Geology of West Wanganui. By R. I. Kingsley 635
List of Exhibits 635
Abstract of Annual Report 635
Election of Officers for 1897 635
Notes of a Journey to the Southern Islands. By E. Lukins 635
List of Exhibits 636
List of Additions to the Museum 636

APPENDIX.

Meteorological Statistics for 1896 639
Notes on the Weather for 1896 640
Earthquakes reported in New Zealand during 1896 641
Honorary Members of the New Zealand Institute 642
Ordinary Members of the New Zealand Institute 643–651
Institutions and Individuals to whom this Volume is presented 652–656
Alphabetical Index 657–661

Contents v.–x.
List of Plates xi.
Board of Governors of the New Zealand Institute xiii.
Abstract of Rules and Statutes of the New Zealand Institute xiii.–xv.
Roll of Incorporated Societies xvi.
Officers of Incorporated Societies, and Extracts from the Rules xxvi.–xix.




LIST OF PLATES.

Note.—These are placed together at the end of the volume.


Author SEE PAGE
Plate I. Adams.—Diagram showing Mortality in New Zealand  52
II. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}  52
III. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}  52
IV. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}  52
V. Schaw.—Diagrams of Cyclones and Anti-cyclones  61
VI. Hamilton.—Maori Curiosities 177
VII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 177
VIII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 177
IX. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 178
X. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 178
XI. Buller.—Anas chlorotis, with a crest 201
XII. Hutton.—Stenopelmatidæ 241
XIII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 241
XIV. Clarke.—Tetrodon gillbanksii 245
XV. {{{1}}} Tetrodon cheesemanii 248
XVI. {{{1}}} Lophotes 251
XVII. Maskell.—Tick-parasites of the Kiwi 293
XVIII. {{{1}}} Coccids 330
XIX. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 330
XX. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 330
XXI. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 331
XXII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 331
XXIII. Cheeseman.—Map of North Cape District 333
XXIV. Beckett.—New Zealand Mosses 445
XXV. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 445
XXVI. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 445
XXVII. Laing.—Delesseria 450
XXVIII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 450
XXIX. Brown.—New Zealand Mosses—Dicranum 463
XXX. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 463
XXXI. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 464
XXXII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 464
XXXIII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 464
XXXIV. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 465
XXXV. {{{1}}} New Zealand Mosses—Campylopus 476
XXXVI. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 476
XXXVII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 477
XXXVIII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 477
XXXIX. {{{1}}} New Zealand Mosses—Trichostomom 488
XL. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 488
XLI. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 489
XLII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 489
XLIII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 489
XLIV. Kirk.—Simplicia laxa 497
XLV. {{{1}}}Paratrophis heterophylla 500
XLVI. {{{1}}}Paratrophis heterophylla var. elliptica 500
XLVII. Hutton.—Moa Remains 557
XLVIII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 557