Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute/Volume 28

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TRANSACTIONS


OF THE


NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE


TRANSACTIONS


AND


PROCEEDINGS


OF THE


NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE,


1895


VOL. XXVIII.

(Eleventh of New Series)


EDITED AND PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE INSTITUTE


By

SIR JAMES HECTOR, K.C.M.G., M.D., F.R.S.

Director


Issued May, 1896.


WELLINGTON:

JOHN MACKAY, GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

TRÜBNER & CO., 57 & 59, LUDGATE HILL, LONDON E.C.


CORRIGENDA.


Page 6, line 16. For Melontha read Melolontha.
Page 6, line 9 from bottom. For Leinax read Limax.
Page 21, line 19. For rostrate read rostrata.
Page 37, lines 1 and 9. For Kakaparaoa read Kekeparaoa.
Page 37, line 21. After near insert after some severe fighting.
Page 37, line 29. For tu kanapa napa read Tu kanapanapa.
Page 37, lines 38 and 44. For sister read daughter.
Page 37. last line. For Hitangua, Mahaki read Itanga-a-Mahaki.
Page 38, line 32. For Kakaparaoa read Kekeparaoa.
Page 39. line 9. Kahungunu was the father of Tauhei.


CONTENTS.




TRANSACTIONS.




I.—Miscellaneous.
PAGES.
Art. I. The Displacement of Species in New Zealand. By T. Kirk, F.L.S. 1–27
II. True Instincts of Animals. By Charles W. Parnell 27–36
III. The Ancient Tribe Te Panenehu. By Captain Gilbert Mair 36–40
IV. The History of Otakanini Pa, Kaipara. By S. Percy Smith 41–47
V. Volcanic Activity in Sunday Island in 1814. By S. Percy Smith 47–49
VI. On Dusky Sound. By Richard Henry, Government Resident in charge of Resolution Island Reserve. Communicated by Sir J. Hector 50–54
VII. The Ceremony of Rahui. By Taylor White 54–59
VIII. The Railway and its Place in Social Economy. By A. G. Purchas, M.R.C.S.Eng. 59–62
IX. Antarctic Research. By Major-General Schaw, C.B., R.E. 62–71
X. A Wellington Weather Prognostic. By Major-General Schaw, C.B., R.E. 71–73
XI. The Ultimate Problem of Philosophy. By William W. Carlile 74–86
XII. Memorabilia of certain Animal Prodigies; Native and Foreign, Ancient and Modern. By W. Colenso, F.R.S., F.L.S. (Lond.), &c. 87–97
XIII. Democracy. By the Rev. J. Bates 97–111
XIV. The Training of Teachers for Primary Schools. By the Rev. J. Bates 111–117
XV. Abel Tasman and his Journal. By Dr. T. M. Hocken, F.L.S. 117–140
XVI. On an Account of a Massacre at the Entrance of Dunedin Harbour in the Year 1817. By A. Hamilton 141–147
XVII. On the Forests of New Zealand. By A. Hamilton 147–163
XVIII. On the Rise and Progress of our Knowledge of the Oceanic Areas. By A. Hamilton 163–178
XIX. A Comparison of the Magnetic Screening produced by Different Metals. By J. A. Erskine, M.A. 178–182
XX. Magnetic Viscosity. By E. Rutherford, M.A., B.Sc, 1851 Exhibition Science Scholar 182–204
II.–Zoology.
XXI. New Zealand Sponges: Third Paper. By H. B. Kirk, M.A. 205–210
XXII. Notes on New Zealand Land Planarians: Part II. By Arthur Dendy, D.Sc, F.L.S., Professor of Biology in the Canterbury College, University of New Zealand 210–214
XXIII. Note on the Discovery of Living Specimens of Geonemertes novæ-zealandiæ. By Arthur Dendy 214–215
XXIV. New Zealand Diptera: No. 1. By P. Marshall, M.A., B.Sc., F.G.S., Lecturer on Natural Science, Lincoln College 216–250
XXV. New Zealand Diptera: No. 2. Mycetophilidæ. By P. Marshall 250–309
XXVI. New Zealand Diptera: No. 3. Simulidæ. By P. Marshall 310–311
XXVII. On Dodonidia helmsi, Fereday. By P. Marshall 312–313
XXVIII. Notes on some New Zealand Fishes, with Description of a New Species. By Captain F. W. Hutton, F.R.S., Curator of the Canterbury Museum 314–318
XXIX. Further Contributions to the Molluscan Fauna of New Zealand. By Henry Suter. Communicated by Captain Hutton, F.R.S. 319–323
XXX. On a New Species of Deinacrida or Forest-cricket from Nelson. By Sir Walter L. Buller, K.C.M.G., D.Sc, F.R.S. 323–326
XXXI. Notes on New Zealand Ornithology, with an Exhibition of Specimens. By Sir W. L. Buller 326–358
XXXII. On the Occurrence of the Nankeen Kestrel of Australia (Cerchneis cenchroides) in New Zealand. By Sir W. L. Buller 359
XXXIII. Notes on some Species of New Zealand Birds. By Author:J. Walling Handley. Communicated by Sir Walter Buller 360–367
XXXIV. Bird Life on a Run. By H. Guthrie-Smith 367–375
XXXV. An Ornithological Note. By R. Coupland Harding 376–377
XXXVI. Notes on Rare Lepidoptera in Wellington. By Walter P. Cohen 377–379
XXXVII. On the Unusual Abundance of certain Species of Plume-moths during the Summer of 1894–95. By G. V. Hudson, F.E.S. 379
XXXVIII. Further Coccid Notes: with Descriptions of New Species, and Discussion of Questions of Interest. By W. M. Maskell, Registrar of the University of New Zealand, Corr. Mem. Roy. Soc. of South Australia 380–411
XXXIX. Contributions towards a Monograph of the Aleurodidæ, a Family of Hemiptera-Homoptera. By W. M. Maskell 411–449
XL. Zoological Notes, Nelson District. By R. I. Kingsley 449–450
XLI. On Animal and Vegetable Parasites associated with the Production of Neoplasms in Cattle and Sheep. By Archibald Park, M.R.C.V.S. Communicated by Sir J. Hector 451–454
XLII. Notes on the Cicadidæ of New Zealand. By W. F. Kirby, F.L.S., F.E.S., Assistant in Zoological Department, British Museum (Natural History), South Kensington, London. Communicated by G. V. Hudson, F.E.S. 454–459
XLIII. List of New Zealand Hydroida. By H. Farquhar 459–468
XLIV. On the Habits of New Zealand Ants. By W. W. Smith, F.E.S. 468–479
XLV. On the Construction of the Comb of the Hive-bee. By Coleman Phillips 479–490
III.–Botany.
XLVI. Notes on MS. Descriptions of Collections made during Captain Cook's First Voyage. By T. Kirk, F.L.S. 491–498
XLVII. Notes on Dactylanthus taylori, Hook. f. By T. Kirk, F.L.S. 493–497
XLVIII. On Zannichellia and Lepilæna in New Zealand. By T. Kirk 498–500
XLIX. On the Products of a Ballast-heap. By T. Kirk 501–507
L. Notice of the Occurrence of an Undescribed Palm-lily on the Auckland Peninsula. By T. Kirk 508–509
LI. A Revision of the New Zealand Species of Hymenanthera, R. Br. By T. Kirk 510–515
LII. Notes on Certain Veronicas, and Descriptions of New Species. By T. Kirk 515–531
LIII. New Zealand Musci: Notes on a New Genus. By Robert Brown 531–533
LIV. On some Additions to the New Zealand Flora. By T. F. Cheeseman, F.L.S., F.Z.S., Curator of the Auckland Museum 534–537
LV. Botanical Notes, Nelson District. By R. I. Kingsley 537–538
LVI. Descriptions of Three New Native Plants. By D. Petrie, M.A., F.L.S. 538–539
LVII. List of the Flowering Plants indigenous to Otago, with Indications of their Distribution and Range in Altitude. By D. Petrie 540–591
LVIII. Phænogams: A Description of a few more Newly-discovered Indigenous Plants; being a Further Contribution towards the making known the Botany of New Zealand. By W. Colenso, F.R.S., F.L.S. (Lond.), &c. 591–613
LIX. New Zealand Cryptogams: A List of a few Additional Cryptogamic Plants, of the Orders Hepaticæ and Fungi, more recently detected in New Zealand. By W. Colenso 614–615
LX. Cryptogams: A Description of Two New Ferns, a New Lycopodium, and a New Moss, lately detected in our New Zealand Forests. By W. Colenso 615–618
LXI. A Description of Three Ferns believed to be undescribed, discovered more than Fifty Years ago in the Northern District of New Zealand. By W. Colenso 618–622
LXII. Note on a Branched Specimen of a Tree-fern (Hemitelia smithii). By A. Hamilton 622–623
LXIII. On Cordiceps robertsii. By H. C. Field 623–624
IV.–Geology.
LXIV. Notes on some Rocks from the Kermadec Islands. By R. Speight, M.A. 625–627
LXV. On a Deposit of Moa-bones at Kapua. By Captain F. W. Hutton, F.R.S., Curator of the Canterbury Museum 627–644
LXVI. On the Moa-bones from Enfield. By Captain F. W. Hutton 645-650
LXVII. On the Discovery of Moa-remains on Riverton Beach. By C. A. Ewen. Communicated by Captain F. W. Hutton, F.R.S. 651–654
LXVIII. On the Behaviour of Two Artesian Wells at the Canterbury Museum. By Captain F. W. Hutton, F.R.S, Curator 654–664
LXIX. On the Affinities of Harpagornis: A Letter to Professor T. Jeffery Parker by R. W. Shufeldt, M.D., Smithsonian Institution, Washington, dated 25th January, 1895 665
LXX. Denudation as a Factor of Geological Time. By H. Hill, B.A., F.G.S. 666–680
LXXI. Ruapehu and the Volcanic Zone in 1895: No. IV. By H. Hill 681–688
V.—Chemistry.
LXXII. On Iron from the Titaniferous Sand of New Zealand. By E. Purser. Communicated by T. H. Hustwick 689–694
LXXIII. On the Action of Potassium-Cyanide Solution upon Gold. By J. S. Maclaurin, B.Sc. 695–708
LXXIV. Notes on J. S. Maclaurin's Paper on the Action of Potassium-Cyanide Solutions upon Gold. By William Skey, Government Analyst 708–716

NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE.
Twenty-seventh Annual Report 719–720
Accounts for 1894–95 720

PROCEEDINGS.

WELLINGTON PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.
On the Discovery of a New River and Valley in the Vicinity of Milford Sound. By D. Sutherland. Communicated by Sir J. Hector 724
Remarks on the late Dr. David Lyall, R.N. By T. Kirk 725
Remarks on Antarctic Research. By Major-General Schaw, C.B., R.E. 731
On a Cranial Fallacy. By E. Tregear, F.R.G.S. 732
On Seasonal Time-adjustment in Countries South of Lat. 30°. By G. V. Hudson, F.E.S. 734
Remarks on an Albino Tai and Naultinus versicolor. By Sir W. Buller 735
Remarks on Aristotelia racemosa. By T. Kirk 735
Remarks on Drawings of New Zealand Veronicas. By Sir J. Hector 735
Resolution with regard to the late Professor C. V. Riley 735
Note on the Geology of the Outlying Islands of New Zealand. By Sir J. Hector 736–738
Note on Double-flowered Columbine. By T. Kirk 738
Election of Governors of New Zealand Institute 738
Discussion on the Geology of the Outlying Islands of New Zealand 738–743
On a New Species of Luminous Fish (Polyipnus kirkii). By Sir J. Hector 743
On an Eclipse Phenomenon. By Major-General Schaw, C.B., R.E. 744
Exhibit of Sketches by Mr. Deverill of the Outlying Islands 745
Abstract of Annual Report 745
Election of Officers for 1896 745
List of Exhibits 746
AUCKLAND INSTITUTE.
Life and Crystals: Anniversary Address by Professor A. P. Thomas, F.L.S., President 747
On Argon, the Newly-discovered Constituent of the Air. By Professor F. D. Brown 747–748
Social Problems: Poverty and Unemployed Labour in Civilised Communities. By F. G. Ewington 748
The Recent Chitral Difficulty, and the Future of the Country between Western Afghanistan and the Indus. By the Right Rev. W. G. Cowie, D.D. 748
The Dawn of the English Drama. By Professor C. W. Egerton 748–749
Two Coming Eclipses. By Professor H. W. Segar 749
Browning's Vision of Life. By E. A. Mackechnie 749
Art and Photography. By E. W. Payton 750
Abstract of Annual Report 750–752
Election of Officers for 1896 752
PHILOSOPHICAL INSTITUTE OF CANTERBURY.
Periodimeter, for measurmg Periods of Rapidly-oscillating Currents. By E. Rutherford, M. A. 754
Note of Occurrence of Mus rattus at Opawa. By A. C. Murray-Aynsley 754
On the Dicraniums of New Zealand. By R. Brown 754
Abstract of Annual Report 755
Election of Officers for 1896 755
Exhibit of Nests and Young of the Katipo. By Captain Hutton 755
On the Holothurians of New Zealand. By Professor Dendy, D.Sc, President 755
OTAGO INSTITUTE.
Exhibit of New Zealand Passion-flower. By F. R. Chapman 756
Remarks on an Egg of Megapodius pritchardi. By A. Wilson 756
On a Method of Colour mixing. By Professor Scott 756
On the Etymology of the word "Penguin." By Dr. Hocken 756
Natural History: Notes of a Trip in the "Hinemoa." By Professor Parker 757
Notice of a Catalogue of Flowering-plants found near Dunedin. By J. Tennant 757
On the Anti-toxin Treatment of Diphtheria. By Dr. W. S. Roberts 757
Professor Huxley, from the Point of View of a Disciple. By Professor Parker 757
Remarks on an Arrow-head Worm (Spadella) from New Zealand Waters. By Professor Parker 758
On New Zealand Fisheries, and the Desirability of introducing New Species of Fish. By G. M. Thomson 758
Abstract of Annual Report 758–759
Election of Officers for 1896 759
Resolution regarding Dr. J. Murray completing the "Challenger" Reports 759
HAWKE'S BAY PHILOSOPHICAL INSTITUTE.
Anniversary Address by the President 760
The Zoda or Thodawar Tribe of Madras, and their Funeral Customs. By A. R. W. Lascelles 760
Bimetallism. By W. F. Howlett 760
Reminiscences of the Tin-mines of Cornwall Seventy Years Ago. By the Rev. W. Colenso, F.R.S. 760
The Coinage of England under Charles I. By H. M. Lund 760
Native Names of Places. By Taylor White 760
On University Extension in New Zealand. By H. Hill 761
On Pond Spiders. By Taylor White 761
A Hunting Spider. By Taylor White 761
Rats nesting in Trees. By Taylor White 761
The Moa and the Maoris. By Taylor White 761
On Antarctic Exploration. By the Rev. W. Colenso, F.R.S. 761
Abstract of Annual Report 761
Election of Officers for 1896 761
NELSON PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.
On the Anti-toxin Treatment of Diphtheria. By Dr. J. Hudson 762
List of Exhibits 762
Abstract of Annual Report 762
Election of Officers for 1896 762
Remarks on the Government of the New Zealand Institute 762
List of Exhibits 763

APPENDIX.

Meteorological Statistics for 1895 767
Notes on the Weather for 1895 768
Earthquakes reported in New Zealand during 1895 768
Honorary Members of the New Zealand Institute 769
Ordinary Members of the New Zealand Institute 770–777
Institutions and Individuals to whom this Volume is presented 778–782
Alphabetical Index 783–787

Corrigenda vi.
Contents vii.–xii.
List of Plates xiii.
Board of Governors of the New Zealand Institute xv.
Abstract of Rules and Statutes of the New Zealand Institute xv.–xvii.
Roll of Incorporated Societies xviii.
Officers of Incorporated Societies, and Extracts from the Rules xxviii.–xxi.




LIST OF PLATES.

Note.—These are placed together at the end of the volume.


Author SEE PAGE
Plate I. Hocken.—Tasman's Chart of New Zealand Coast 117
II. Hamilton.—Map of Otago Heads 141
III. H. B. Kirk.—Sponges 210
IV. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 210
V. Marshall.—Diptera 249
VI. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 249
VII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 249
VIII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 309
IX. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 309
X. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 309
XI. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 309
XII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 309
XIII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 309
XIV. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 311
XV. Marshall.—Dodonidia helmsi 313
XVI. Maskell.—Coccids 409
XVII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 409
XVIII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 409
XIX. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 409
XX. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 410
XXI. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 410
XXII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 410
XXIII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 411
XXIV. Maskell.—Aleurodids 445
XXV. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 446
XXVI. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 446
XXVII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 446
XXVIII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 447
XXIX. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 447
XXX. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 447
XXXI. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 448
XXXII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 448
XXXIII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 448
XXXIV. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 449
XXXV. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} 449
XXXVI. Hutton.—Excavation for Moa-bones at Kapua 627
XXXVII. Sutherland.—Map showing Discoveries at Milford Sound 724