Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute/Volume 9

TRANSACTIONS

AND

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE,

1876.

VOL. IX.

EDITED AND PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE INSTITUTE,

By

JAMES HECTOR, C.M.G., M.D., F.R.S.

Manager.

Issued May, 1877.

WELLINGTON:
LYON AND BLAIR, PRINTERS, LAMBTON QUAY

TRUBNER & CO., 60, PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON.

PREFACE.

---

The present Volume contains only the Transactions of the Institute for the year, comprising a selection from the original papers read before the various affiliated Societies. As they alone occupy more space than any previous issue, the Proceedings, Minutes, and Presidential Addresses and Lectures, heretofore included in the Volume, have been deferred for future publication. For the same reason the publication of the following papers has had to be postponed:—

1. Observations on the Evidences of Recent Change in the Elevation of the Waikato. By James Stewart, C.E.
2. Remarks upon the supposed Pleistocene Glaciation of New Zealand, and Post Glacial Moas. By J. Cockburn Hood, F.G.S.
3. Notice of a Senecio. By J. Buchanan, F.L.S.
4. Observations on Captain Hutton's paper on the Maori Cooking-Places at the Mouth of Shag River (Vol. VIII., "Trans. N. Z. Inst.," pp. 103–8). By Julius von Haast, Ph.D., F.R.S.
5. On a New Fire Grate for Economizing the Combustion of Coals and Lignite, and increasing the Radiation of Heat. By H. Skey.
6. On the Approximate Composition of Winslow's Soothing Syrup. By W. Skey.
7. On the proposed Introduction of the Polecat into New Zealand. By Walter L. Buller, C.M.G., D.Sc.
8. On a Marine Spider found at Cape Campbell. By C. H. Robson.
9. On the supposed Influence of Climate over the Geographical Distribution of the Marine Mollusca. By C. W. Purnell.
10. Notice of a Meteorite. By James Leece.
11. Scientific Instruction in New Zealand. By Professor Bickerton, F.C.S.

The late period at which many of the papers were received has caused some delay in the issue of the Volume, and imposed much extra labour on the Assistant Editor, Mr. Leonard Stowe, to whom the acknowledgments of the Board are due for the efficient manner in which the corrections for the press have been performed.

The Editor has also to recognise the assistance of Mr. R. B. Gore in preparing the Meteorological Statistics appended to the Volume, and of Mr. John Buchanan, F.L.S., by whom most of the Illustrations have been drawn on stone, the printing having been done at the Government Lithographic Establishment by permission of the Hon. the Colonial Secretary.

ERRATA.

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PAGE
145,	line 19, for spar-wheels read spur-wheels.
229,	for Art. XIX read XIXa.
326,	for Walter A. Buller read Walter L. Buller.
590,	for Art. XCII. read Art. XCI.

CONTENTS.

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TRANSACTIONS.

I.—Miscellaneous.
			PAGES
Art.	I.	On the Lake Districts of the Province of Auckland. By W. T. L. Travers, F.L.S.	1–15
	II.	On the Traditions, Manners, and Customs of the Mori-oris. By W. T. L. Travers, F.L.S.	15–27
	III.	On the Influence of Atmospheric Changes on the Hot Springs and Geysers in the Rotorua District. By Captain Gilbert Mair	27–29
	IV.	On the Draining of Towns. By W. D. Campbell, Assoc. Inst. C.E., F.G.S.	29–37
	V.	Speculations on the Physiological Changes obtaining in the English Race when Transplanted to New Zealand. By Dr. Newman, M.B.	37–44
	VI.	Polynesia. By J. Adams, B.A.	44–59
	VII.	Civilization of the Pacific. By Coleman Phillips. (With Map.)	59–95
	VIII.	Colonial Standard Survey. By J. T. Thomson, F.R.G.S.	96–108
	IX.	On the Building Materials of Otago. By W. N. Blair, C.E.	108–133
	X.	The Building Materials of Otago. By W. N. Blair, C.E.	134–181
	XI.	On the Durability of Matai Timber. By John Buchanan, F.L.S.	182
	XII.	On Charring Timber as a Protection from the Teredo. By John Buchanan, F.L.S.	183–187
	XIII.	State Forestry: its aim and object. By Captain Campbell Walker, F.R.G.S.	187–203
		The Climatic and Financial Aspect of Forest Conservancy as applicable to New Zealand. By Captain Campbell Walker, F.R.G.S.	App. xxvii
	XIV.	On Hedges and Hedge Plants. By J. C. Crawford, F.G.S.	203–206
	XV.	Lime as Manure: its beneficial Effects when applied to the Cultivation of the Soil. By D. Hay	206–209
	XVI.	On Quartz Crushing at the Thames. By J. Goodall, C.E.	209–211
	XVII.	Comparative Atmospheric Pressure of New Zealand and Great Britain. By C. Rous Marten, F.R.G.S., F.M.S., M.Sc.M.S.	212–217
	XVIII.	On the Longitude of Wellington Observatory. By Ven. Archdeacon Stock, B.A.	217–220
	XIX.	Notes on some Ancient Aboriginal Caches near Wanganui. By H. C. Field.	220–229
	XIXa.	Stray Thoughts on Mahori or Maori Migrations. By R. C. Barstow	229–243
	XX.	The Remains of a Dog found by Captain Rowan near White Cliffs, Taranaki. By Dr. Hector, C.M.G., F.G.S.	243–249
	XXI.	Savage and Barbaric Survivals in Marriage. By the Rev. J. Wallis, D.D.	249–260
	XXII.	Draining of Towns: Results of having Outfall Drains within Sydney Harbour. By W. R. E. Brown	260–264
	XXIII.	On Skew Arches. By W. Arthur, C.E.	265–272
	XXIV.	On the Simplest Continuous Manifoldness of Two Dimensions. By F. W. Frankland	272–279
	XXV.	Further Notes on Moa Remains. By C. H. Robson	279–280
	XXVI.	On Mr. J. T. Thomson's System of Survey, from a Legal Point of View. By W. T. L. Travers, F.L.S., M.H.R.	280–293
	XXVII.	On Anemometry. By C. Rous Marten, F.R.G.S., F.M.S., M.Sc.M.S.	293–304
	XXVIII.	Elements of Mathematics. By J. Adams, B.A.	304–310
	XXIX.	On some points connected with the Construction of the Bridge over the Grey River, at the Brunner Gorge. By C. H. H. Cook, M.A., Fell. St. John’s Coll., Cam., Prof. Math. Cant. Coll.	310–316
II.—Zoology.
	XXX.	Notes on the Tuatara Lizard (Sphenodon punctatum), with a description of a supposed New Species. By Walter L. Buller, C.M.G., Sc.D., President	317–325
	XXXI.	Description of a New Lizard (Naultinus pulcherrimus). By Walter L. Buller, C.M.G., Sc.D., President	326–327
	XXXII.	On the Ornithology of New Zealand. By Walter L. Buller, C.M.G., Sc.D., President	327–337
	XXXIII.	On the occurrence of the Royal Spoonbill (Platalea regia). By Walter L. Buller, C.M.G., Sc.D., President	337–338
	XXXIV.	Observations on a Species of Shag inhabiting Queen Charlotte Sound. By Walter L. Buller, C.M.G., Sc.D., President	338–340
	XXXV.	On a Tendency to Deformity in the Bill of Nestor meridionalis. By Walter L. Buller, C.M.G., Sc.D., President	340
	XXXVI.	On the alleged Intercrossing of Ocydromus earli, and the Domestic Fowl. By Walter L. Buller, C.M.G., Sc.D., President	341–342
	XXXVII.	Insect Architecture, or Notes on the Habits of the Black Spider-wasp of New Zealand. By Walter L. Buller, C.M.G., Sc.D., President	343–348
	XXXVIII.	Notes on the Maori Rat. By Captain F. W. Hutton, C.M.Z.S.	348
	XXXIX.	Notes on the New Zealand Delphinide. By Captain F. W. Hutton, Director of the Otago Museum	349–350
	XL.	On the New Zealand Earth-worms. By Captain F. W. Hutton, C.M.Z.S.	350–353
	XLI.	Contributions to the Ichthyology of New Zealand. By Captain F. W. Hutton, Director of the Otago Museum	533–354
	XLII.	Contributions to the Entomology of New Zealand. By Captain F. W. Hutton, Director of the Otago Museum	355–358
	XLIII.	Corrections and Additions to the List of Polyzoa in the Catalogue of the Marine Mollusca of New Zealand (1873). By Captain F. W. Hutton, Director of the Otago Museum	358–361
	XLIV.	Corrections and Additions to the Catalogue of the New Zealand Echinodermata (1872). By Captain F. W. Hutton, Director of the Otago Museum	362
	XLV.	Remarks on Dr. von Haast's Classification of the Moas. By Captain F. W. Hutton, Director of the Otago Museum	363–365
	XLVI.	On a Second Discovery of Moa-Bones at Hamilton. By B. S. Booth	365–366
	XLVII.	On Insects injurious to the Kauri Pine (Dammara australis). By Captain Broun	366–371
	XLVIII.	Descriptions of New Species of Coleoptera. By Captain Broun	371–374
	XLIX.	Description of a New Species of the Genus Cicindela. By Captain Broun	374–375
	L.	On the Anthribidæ of New Zealand. By D. Sharp	375–390
	LI.	On the Colydiidæ of New Zealand. By D. Sharp	390–401
	LII.	Description of New Genera and Species of New Zealand Coleoptera. By Francis P. Pascoe, F.L.S.	402–427
	LIII.	Notes on the occurrence of a Curlew (Numenius cyanopus, Vieillot ), in New Zealand. By Julius von Haast, Ph.D., F.R.S.	427–429
	LIV.	Notes on the Skeleton of Epiodon novæ-zealandiæ. By Julius von Haast, Ph.D., F.R.S., Director of the Canterbury Museum	430–442
	LV.	Notes on the Mesoplodon floweri. By Julius von Haast, Ph.D., F.R.S., Director of the Canterbury Museum	442–450
	LVI.	On Oulodon: a New Genus of Ziphioid Whales. By Julius von Haast, Ph.D., F.R.S.	450–457
	LVII.	Description of a Species of Catocala, new to Science. By R. W. Fereday, C.M.E.S.L.	457–459
	LVIII.	On the occurrence in New Zealand of a Species of Lepidoptera belonging to the Cossidæ family. By R. W. Fereday, C.M.E.S.L.	459–460
	LIX.	Brief Observations on the Genus Chrysophanus as represented in New Zealand. By R. W. Fereday, C.M.E.S.L.	460–463
	LX.	On the occurrence in New Zealand of Diadema bolina, Linn. By R. W. Fereday, C.M.E.S.L.	463
	LXI.	Notes on the Antarctic Petrel (Priocella antarctica). By James Hector, C.M.G., M.D., F.R.S.	464
	LXII.	Notes on New Zealand Ichthyology. By James Hector, F.L.S.	465–469
	LXIII.	Remarks on New Zealand Fishes. By Dr. Albert Gunther, F.R.S.	469–472
	LXIV.	Notes on New Zealand Crustacea. By James Hector, M.D., F.L.S.	472–475
	LXV.	Notes on the Genera Astacoides and Paranephrops. By Edward J. Miers	475–477
	LXVI.	Notes on the New Zealand Cetacea. By James Hector, M.D., C.M.Z.S.	477–484
	LXVII.	Fish and their Seasons. By P. Thomson	484–490
III.—Botany.
	LXVIII.	Notes on a Lomaria collected in the Malvern District. By T. H. Potts, F.L.S.	491
	LXIX.	Notes on Panax Lineare. By T. Kirk, F.L.S.	492–493
	LXX.	Description of a New Species of Rumex. By T. Kirk, F.L.S.	493–494
	LXXI.	Notes on the Economic Properties of certain Native Grasses. By T. Kirk, F.L.S.	494–502
	LXXII.	Descriptions of Two New Species of Veronica. By T. Kirk, F.L.S.	502–503
	LXXIII.	On the Botany of Kawau Island. By John Buchanan, F.L.S. Also, Critical Notes on certain Species doubtfully indigenous to Kawau. By T. Kirk, F.L.S.	503–527
	LXXIV.	On the Root-stock of Marratia fraxinea. By John Buchanan, F.L.S.	527–529
	LXXV.	On Gnaphalium (Helichrysum) fasciculatum, sp. nov. By John Buchanan, F.L.S.	529
	LXXVI.	Revised Description of Two Species of New Zealand Panax. By John Buchanan, F.L.S.	529–531
	LXXVII.	On a few of the Grasses and other Herbage Plants that might be advantageously introduced into Cultivation in New Zealand. By Dr. S. M. Curl	531–538
	LXXVIII.	Notes on some Otago Plants. By G. M. Thomson	538–542
	LXXIX.	On the Fertilization of Selliera. By T. F. Cheeseman, F.L.S.	542–545
	LXXX.	On New Zealand Coffee. By J. C. Crawford, F.G.S.	545–546
	LXXXI.	Description of a New Species of Pilularia. By T. Kirk, F.L.S.	547
	LXXXII.	Description of New Plants. By T. Kirk, F.L.S.	547–552
IV.—Chemistry.
	LXXXIII.	On a Modification of the Mercuro-iodide test for the Detection of Alkeloidal or Albumenous Matters. By W. Skey	553–556
	LXXXIV.	On the Composition of the Silver Ore of Richmond Hill. By W. Skey	556–557
	LXXXV.	On a Useful Modification of Common Writing Ink. By W. Skey	557–559
V.—Geology.
	LXXXVI.	An attempt at an Explanation of the Origin of Mineral Veins, particularly those of Gold and Silver. By J. C. Crawford, F.G.S.	560–561
	LXXXVII.	On Probable Reasons why few Fossils are found in the Upper Palæozoic, and possible Triassic Rocks of New Zealand. By J. C. Crawford, F.G.S.	561–564
	LXXXVIII.	Sketch of the Geology of the Northern Portion of Hawke Bay. By S. Percy Smith	565–576
	LXXXIX.	Notes on the Valley System on the Western Flanks of Mount Cook. By S. Herbert Cox, F.G.S.	577–581
	XC.	On the Reptilian Beds of New Zealand. By A. McKay	581–590
	XCI.	On the Relation between the Pareroa and Ahuriri Formations. By Captain F. W. Hutton, Director of the Otago Museum	590–593
	XCII.	Description of some Tertiary Mollusca, from Canterbury. By Capt. F. W. Hutton, Director of the Otago Museum	593–598
	XCIII.	On a New Fossil Bird, Anas finschi, from Earnscleugh Caves. By P. J. Van Beneden	599–602
	XCIV.	On a New Tribolite (Homalonotus expansus). By James Hector, C.M.G., M.D., F.R.S., F.L.S.	602
NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE.
Eighth Annual Report of the Board of Governors			605
Museum			607
Laboratory			609
Accounts of the New Zealand Institute			610
APPENDIX.
Climate of New Zealand			xxi
Temperature of Air			xxi
Rainfall			xxii
Wind			xxii
Earthquakes during 1876			xxiii
Comparative Abstract for 1876, and previous years			xxiv
Notes on the Weather			xxv
The Climatic and Financial Aspect of Forest Conservancy as applicable to New Zealand. By Captain Campbell Walker, F.R.G.S.			xxvii
Honorary Members of the New Zealand Institute			l
Ordinary Members of the New Zealand Institute			l–lx
List of Free Copies			lxi–lxii
Preface			iii
Errata			iv
Contents			v–viii
List of Plates			ix
Board of Governors of the New Zealand Institute			xi
Abstracts of Rules and Statutes of the New Zealand Institute			xi
List of Incorporated Societies			xiii
Officers of Incorporated Societies and Extracts from the Rules			xiv–xix

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE,

1876.

VOL. IX., PART 2.

EDITED AND PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE BOARD OF
GOVERNORS OF THE INSTITUTE,

BY

JAMES HECTOR, C.M.G., M.D., F.R.S.

Issued July, 1877.

WELLINGTON:
LYON AND BLAIR, PRINTERS, LAMBTON QUAY

TRUBNER & CO., 60, PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON.

 (not listed in original)

WELLINGTON PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY

Account of Dr. Hector's Travels
Notice of Senecio perdicoides By J. Buchanan
Destructive brown beetle By W. T. L. Travers
Description of Medicago marginata By T. Kirk
Remarks upon the supposed Pleistocene Glaciation of New Zealand and Postglacial Moas By T. Cockburn-Hood
On the Proposed Introduction of the Polecat into New Zealand By W. L. Buller
Abstract Report of Council
Election of Officers for 1877
Analysis of the Geyser Waters of New Zealand By W. Skey
On the Approximate Composition of Winslow's Soothing Syrup By W. Skey

AUCKLAND INSTITUTE

President's Address By T. B. Gillies
Remarks on the Maori Rat By G. Grey
Notes on the approaching eclipse, to take place on 18th September, 1876 By T. Heale
Abstract of Annual Report
Election of Officers for 1877

PHILOSOPHICAL INSTITUTE OF CANTERBURY

Election of Officers for 1877
Abstract of Annual Report

OTAGO INSTITUTE

Abstract of Annual Report for 1876
Election of Officers for 1876
President's Address by J. S. Webb
New Method of Irrigating an Object on a Microscope Slide By Professor Coughtrey
Abstract of Annual Report for 1877
Election of Officers for 1877
President's Address by R. Gillies

APPENDIX.

On the supposed Influence of Climate over the Geographical Distribution of the Marine Mollusca By C. W. Purnell
Scientific Instruction in New Zealand By Professor Bickerton
Observations on Captain Hutton's paper "On the Maori Cooking-places at the Mouth of the Shag River" (Trans. N.Z. Inst., VIII., p. 103) By Julius von Haast
On a new Fire-grate for economising the Combustion of Coals and Lignites, and increasing the Radiation of Heat By H. Skey

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

		TO FACE PAGE
I.	Travers.—Mori-ori Carvings		22
II.	Phillips.—Map of Pacific Islands		60
III.	Buller.—Skull of Maori Rat	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	182
	{{{1}}}„ New Zealand Mason Wasp
	Buchanan.—Old Matai Tree
IV.	Arthur.—Skew Bridges		266
V.	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„		268
VI.	Rosson.—Maori Implements		280
VII.	Hutton.—Earth-worms		352
VIII.	Hector.—Fishes		468
IX.	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„		466
X.	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„		468
XI.	{{{1}}}„ Skulls of Porpoises		480
XII.	{{{1}}}„ Tursio metis Bones		482
XIII.	{{{1}}}„ Globiocephalus (Outline)		482
XIIIa.	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„Bones		484
XIV.	Buller.—Deformities in the Bill of Nestor meridionalis		340
XV.	{{{1}}}„ Phalacrocorax and Eudyptula		338
XVI.	Hutton.—Tertiary Shells		594
XVII.	Buller.—Naultinus pulcherrimus	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	326
	Fereday.—Catocala
XVII.	Buchanan.—Root of Marattia fraxinea		528
XIX.	Buchanan.—Gnaphalium fasciculatum	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	528
	Kirk.—Veronica canescens
XX.	Buchanan.—Panax crassifolium		530
XXI.	{{{1}}}„ Panax longissimum		530
XXII.	Smith.—Geological Map, Hawke Bay		566
XXIII.	{{{1}}}„ Sections of the above Map		568
XXIV.	Haast.—Epiodon Teeth and Ear-bones		440
XXV.	{{{1}}}„ Mesoplodon and Epiodon Skeletons		442
XXXVI.	{{{1}}}„ Whales' Skulls		444
XXVII.	Hector.—Crab and Trilobite		474
XXVIII.	Van Beneden.—Anas Finschi		600
XXIX.	Kirk.—Pilularia		548
XXX.	{{{1}}}„ Celmisia		548