Translation:Shulchan Aruch/Yoreh Deah/104
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Contains three Seif. 1[edit]A mouse found in wine adds flavor to its benefit, as it is deemed prestigious enough to be placed on the table of kings. However, a mouse found in vinegar leaves us uncertain whether it enhances the taste or impairs it. Therefore, if a mouse falls into wine or vinegar and is removed while still intact, and no part of it remains inside from time to time (24 hours), it is permitted. But if it was boiled or even just soaked and remained inside from time to time, whether it was removed whole or cut into small pieces, and it could be strained so that nothing remains inside it, or even if it disintegrated completely and became entirely liquid, and no solid remnants remain, we rely on sixty times the permitted volume against the mouse. However, if it was cut into small pieces, and it cannot be strained, such as when the wine or vinegar is mixed with thick food, everything is prohibited, and there is no concept of nullification. We are concerned that it may impact the essence of the prohibition and go unnoticed. Note: Specifically with regard to vermin, we must be cautious if any part remains that cannot be removed. But regarding other prohibitions, there is no need for concern (this is implied in Aruch HaShulchan 32). 2[edit]If a mouse falls into wine and oil or into other liquids, it definitely impairs them, and there is no need for a hundredfold nullification. Note: By this token, if a mouse falls into oil, the same rule applies. Some are stringent regarding oil, even if it's hard before us, if oil is poured daily from a pot, and there is reason to suspect that the mouse was there when it was poured and it was boiling, everything is prohibited, even if there is a hundredfold nullification against every mouse. But if it wasn't boiling when poured, or it was poured and it's known that the mouse wasn't there when it was poured, and the oil comes before us when it's hard (Responsa of the Rash and the glosses of the Rambam 89; Mordechai, Chulin 529; Shu"t Shari Dura, Section 22; Beit Yosef, O.C. 154; Aruch HaShulchan, Section 22). Likewise, if a mouse is found in rendered fat, we are lenient in this manner. If it's known that the fat wasn't boiling when it fell in, it's considered as if it was cooked. It's permitted due to the principle of "safek safeka" - a double doubt, whether it fell in when it was hard, and if it could be argued that before it was hard, it became solidified. If one could argue that it was soft when it fell in, it might have become solid before it was boiled. And in a place of great loss, we may rely on the lenient opinions (Ran citing Geonim and Rashba, Chapter 5; Rabbeinu Yerucham and the Aruch HaShulchan, Section 32, citing the Mordechai, Chapter 5; and the author of Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chaim, Section 154, Clause 12). 3[edit]Disgusting things that a person's soul detests, like ants, flies, and mosquitoes, which everyone finds repulsive, even if they are mixed into food and their bodies dissolve into it, if the permitted substance predominates over them, they are permissible. Nevertheless, everything that can be examined and filtered should be checked and filtered. (However, with regard to milk and wine, one should be concerned as with a mouse) (Beit Yosef according to the opinion of the Rashba). |
דין עכבר שנמצא ביין או בשכר ובו שלושה סעיפים: סעיף א[edit]עכברא דדברא נותן טעם לשבח הוא שהרי עולה על שלחן מלכים אבל עכברא דמתא מספקא לן אם משביח בשכר וחומץ או אם הוא פוגם ולפיכך אם נפל לשכר או לחומץ בצונן והסירו שלם אם לא שהה בתוכו מעת לעת מותר אבל אם היה רותח או אפילו צונן ושהה בתוכו מעת לעת בין שהסירו שלם בין שנחתך לחתיכות דקות ויכול לסננו בענין שלא ישאר ממנו בתוכו כלום בין שנימוח בתוכו לגמרי ונעשה כולו משקה ולא נשתייר ממנו שום ממשות ניתר על ידי שיהא ששים בהיתר כנגד העכבר ואם נחתך לחתיכות דקות והוא בענין שאינו יכול לסננו כגון שנתערב השכר או החומץ במאכל עב הכל אסור ואין שם ביטול דחיישינן שמא יפגע בממשו של איסור ולא ירגיש:
סעיף ב[edit]אם נפל ליין ושמן או לשאר משקין פוגם בודאי ואין צריך ס' לבטל פליטתו:
סעיף ג[edit]דברים המאוסים שנפשו של אדם קצה בהם כנמלים וזבובים ויתושים שכל אדם בודל מהם למיאוסן אפילו נתערבו בתבשיל ונמחה גופן לתוכו אם ההיתר רבה עליו מותרים ומכל מקום כל שאפשר לבדוק ולהעביר במסננת בודק ומסנן.
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