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A Collection of Chronicles, Volume 51:
Record of Events at the Death of King Nangklāo Čhāoyūhūa
Compiled by the Royal Society

Published at the Behest of His Majesty the King
for Distribution Upon the Completion of the Seven-Day Period of
the Funeral of His Foster Mother,
Krommaphra Sutthāsinīnāt Piyamahārātpadiwaratdā,
on 1 July 2472 BE^[1]

Printed at Sōphon Phiphat Thanākǭn Printing House

The royal foster mother, Krommaphra Sutthāsinīnāt Piyamahārātpadiwaratdā,
shot in the Year of the Pig, 2430 BE,^[2] at the age of 24

Contents
x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	Page	i
x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	”	1
x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	”	2
x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	”	4
x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	”	6
x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	”	8
x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	”	10
x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	”	12
x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	”	13
x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	”	15
x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	”	16
x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	”	18
x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	”	33
x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	”	35
x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	”	36

Explanation of the Names and Titles Found in the Record

-	Phra Phuttha Rangsan		A Buddha statue representing His Majesty King Phutthayǭtfāčhulālōk

-	Phra Phuttha Nimit		A Buddha statue representing His Majesty King Phutthalœ̄tlānaphālai

-	Senior Čhāofā	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	His Majesty King Čhǭmklāo Čhāoyūhūa
-	Čhāofā Mongkut		His Majesty King Čhǭmklāo Čhāoyūhūa

-	Junior Čhāofā		His Majesty King Pinklāo Čhāoyūhūa

-	Krommakhun Rāmʿitsarēt		Phraʿongčhāo Suriyā, son of King Rama I, later elevated to the title of krommaphra

-	Phǭ Mang	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	Phraʿongčhāo Mang, son of King Rama II, later elevated to the title of Somdet Kromphrayā Dēchādisǭn
-	Krommakhun Dētʿādisǭn

-	Krommakhun Phiphitphubēn		Phraʿongčhāo Phanomwan, son of King Rama II, later elevated to the title of kromphrayā

-	Krommamư̄n Nuchitchinōrot		Phraʿongčhāo Wāsukrī, son of King Rama I, ordained and serving as patriarch in charge of the Central Patriarchate at Phra Chēttuphon Monastery, later anointed as supreme patriarch titled Somdet Krommaphra Paramānuchitchinōrot

-	Krommamư̄n Phithakthēwēt		Phraʿongčhāo Kunchǭn, son of King Rama II, later elevated to the title of krommaphra

-	Krommamư̄n Wongsāsanit		Phraʿongčhāo Nūam, son of King Rama II, later elevated to the title of Krommalūang Wongsāthirātsanit

-	Phraʿongčhāo Rœ̄k		Son of the Prince of the Front Palace in the reign of King Rama II, ordained and serving as patriarch of Bǭwǭn Niēt Wihān Monastery, anointed in the reign of King Rama V as supreme patriarch titled Somdet Kromphrayā Pawarētwariyālongkǭn

-	Phraʿongčhāo Ladāwan^[3]		Son of King Rama III, later titled Krommamư̄n Phuminthraphakdī

-	Phraʿongčhāo ʿAnnop		Son of King Rama III, later titled Krommamư̄n ʿUdommarat-rāsī

-	Phraʿongčhāo ʿUrai		Son of King Rama III, later titled Krommamư̄n ʿAdunyalaksombat

-	Phraʿongčhāo Buttrī		Daughter of King Rama III, titled Krommalūang Wǭrasētsudā in the reign of King Rama V

-	Mǫmčhāo Phra Rǭng		Son of Krommalūang Phisētsīsawat, son of King Rama I; ordained as ninth-class parīan; later titled Mǫmčhāo Phra Yānwarāphǭn, patriarch of Bǭphit Phimuk Monastery

-	Čhāophrayā Phra-khlang		(Dit Bunnāk), later elevated to the title of Somdetčhāophrayā Bǭrommahāprayūrawong
-	Phrayā Sīphiphat		(That Bunnāk), later elevated to the title of Somdetčhāophrayā Bǭrommahāphichaiyāt
-	Phrayā Rātchasuphāwadī		(Tō Kanlayānamit), later elevated to the title of Čhāophrayā Nikǭnbǭdin in the post of civil chancellor
-	Phrayā Sīsuriwong		(Chūang Bunnāk), later elevated to the title of Čhāophrayā in the post of military chancellor, then elevated to the title of Somdetčhāophrayā Bǭrommahāsīsuriwong in the reign of King Rama V
-	Phrayā Phetphichai		(Sư̄a Sonthirat), later titled Čhāophrayā Thammā
-	Phrayā ʿAphainōrit
-	Phrayā Thēpwǭrachun
-	Phrayā Phiphatkōsā		(Bunsī Buranasiri), later elevated to the titles of Phrayā Mahāʿammāt and Čhāophrayā Thammā, then titled Čhāophrayā Suthammontrī in the reign of King Rama V
-	Phrayā Chōdưk-rātchasētthī
-	Phrayā Prachāchīp
-	Phrayā Phetchapānī
-	Phrayā Rātchasēnā
-	Phra ʿInthēp		(Khunthǭng), later elevated to the title of Phrayā Phetphichai
-	Phrayā Phirēnthēp
-	Phra Sīsahathēp		(Pān), later elevated to the title of Phrayā Rātchasuphāwadī

-	Čhamư̄n Sanphetphakdī

-	Čhamư̄n Samœ̄čhairāt

-	Čhamư̄n Rāchāmāt		(Kham Bunnāk), later titled Čhāophrayā Thīphākǭrawong

-	Čhamư̄n Rāchābān

-	Čhamư̄n Samuhaphimān		(Phǣ Bunnāk), later titled Phrayā Sīphiphat, elevated to the title of čhāophrayā in the reign of King Rama V

-	Čhamư̄n ʿInthāmāt

-	Lư̄ang Sīkālasamut

-	Lư̄ang Raksāsombat

-	Lư̄ang Thēp(satsadī)

-	Lư̄ang Phithaksuthēp

-	Khun Rātchanithān

-	Mư̄n ʿAphai(thammakān)

-	Nāi Chaikhan		(Yǣm Bunnāk), later titled Phrayā Wǭraphongphiphat

-	Čhāočhǭmmāndā ʿƯng		Daughter of Čhāophrayā Nikǭnbǭdin and mother of Krommalūang Wǭrasētsudā; titled Thāo Somsak in the reign of King Rama V

-	Thāo Sīsatčhā		(Sǣng)

Record of Events at the Death of King Nangklāo Čhāoyūhūa

Introduction

His Majesty King Nangklāo Čhāoyūhūa ascended the seat of royalty in the Year of the Monkey, 2367 BE,^[4] and peacefully remained thereon for twenty-five years until the Year of the Dog, 1212 LE (2393 BE),^[5] when he began to fall ill and feel uneasy in the tenth month. Yet, in the concluding month of the Lenten season, he made efforts to attend the ceremony of conferral of kaṭhina as he did every year. From then on, his illness worsened more and more, whilst his physique deteriorated degree by degree. Physicians were convened to concoct medicine for him, but his illness improved not. Knowing for certain that the illness he was undergoing on this occasion would end his life, he maintained himself in prudence and then expressed wills and wishes on various matters as found in the record herein printed.

x

x

Let good happen! The Buddhist Era has elapsed for two thousand three hundred and ninety-three years. At present, it is Monday, the eight waning-moon day of the month of Māgha of the Year of the Dog.^[6]

Monks entitled to regular alms

Krommamư̄n Nuchit		1
Čhāofā Mongkut		1
Phraʿongčhāo Rœ̄k		1
Mǫmčhāo Rǭng		1
Patriarchs		68
Ex officio grandees		17
Theologist grandees		15
Masters in charge of monasteries		19
Theologists		104
Deans		1
Theologist novices		7
Total		235

Monks entitled to bucket rice^[7]

Third-class theologist grandees		7
Ordinary grandees		279
Third-class theologists		40
Second-class theologists		3
Monastics		6,766
Third-class theologist novices		22
Total		7,117
Grand total		7,352 monks
(20 baht each) totalling to		1,838 catties (147,040 baht)

The royal charity performed through these donations is considered incomparable, as it is hard for anyone to perform it. Perhaps, this would be a factor which leads His Majesty to attain enlightenment as per His wish. In addition, may the benedictions of all the monks who are sons of the Sage of Sakya, children of the Victorious Buddha, be divine, excellent cure which cures or decreases His illness, so that He would be able to make more merits and amass more perfections and continue to be the shelter for the members of the royalty, ministry, clergy, and commonalty, preserving them in tranquillity and happiness on and on into the future. May He be blessed with best prosperity, neverending victory, and absolute longevity!

List and Details of Money Daily Given Away to Monks

Monday, the eighth waning-moon day of the third month,^[8] given to monks from eight monasteries

Monks entitled to regular alms

Krommamư̄n Nuchit		1
Čhāofā Mongkut		1
Phraʿongčhāo Rœ̄k		1
Patriarchs		12
Ex officio grandees		5
Theologist grandees		7
Theologists		30
Theologist novices		4
Total		61
Monks entitled to bucket rice
Ordinary grandees		42
Theologist grandees		10
Dependents		875
Third-class theologist novices		3
Total		930
Grand total		991 monks
Each given 5 taels, totalling to		247 catties, 15 taels

Monday, the 8th waning-moon day of the 3rd month

Phraya Thepworachun from the Department of Defence distributed a sum of 103 chang and 5 tamlueng to 413 monks from Phra Chettuphon Monastery.

The Department of Royal Pages distributed a sum of 37 chang and 10 tamlueng to 102 monks from Bowon Niwet Monastery, 29 monks from Borom Niwat Monastery, 18 monks from Dokmai Monastery, and 1 monk from Si Chin Monastery, totalling to 150 monks.

Krommamuen Phithakthewet distributed a sum of 88 chang and 10 tamlueng to 354 monks from Suthat Thepphawararam Monastery.

Phraya Phetphichai and Phraya Ratchasena from the Department of Interior distributed a sum of 18 chang and 10 tamlueng to 74 monks from Rangsi Sutthawat Monastery.

In total, on Monday, the eighth waning-moon day of the third month, a sum of 247 chang and 15 tamlueng were distributed to 991 monks, 5 tamlueng each.

On Tuesday, the 9th waning-moon day of the 3rd month,^[9] distributed to monks from 18 monasteries

In the Capital
Monks entitled to state-funded alms

Momchao Rong		1
Phrarachakhana		8
Thananukrom holding posts		4
Thananukrom who are parian		2
Phra-khru in charge of monastery		1
Parian		24
Total		40

Monks entitled to bucket rice
Thana who are third-class parian		2
Ordinary thana		41
Third-class parian		5
Phra-anuchon		1,423
Sammanen who are third-class parian		9
Total		1,480
Total for the Capital		1,520

In Outer Towns
Phrarachakhana		3
Phra-khru		2
Parian who are entitled to state-funded alms		1
Second-class parian		3
Total		9

In both the Capital and the outer towns, a total sum of 382 chang and 5 tamlueng was distributed to 1,529 monks, 5 tamlueng each.

On Tuesday, the 9th waning-moon day of the 3rd month

Krommakhun Phiphit, Phraya Phetphichai, and Phraya Ratchasena distributed a sum of 44 chang and 15 tamlueng to 178 monks from Chana Songkhram Monastery.

Chamuen Rachamat from the Police Department distributed a sum of 31 chang and 5 tamlueng to 125 monks from Thep Thidaram Monastery.

Krommakhun Ram-itsaret and Phraya Thepworachun distributed a sum of 100 chang to 400 monks from Maha That Monastery.

The Department of Royal Pages distributed a sum of 24 chang and 10 tamlueng to 97 monks from Ratchanatda Monastery.

Luang Raksasombat from the Central Department of Ports distributed a sum of 94 chang and 10 tamlueng to 378 monks from Ratchaburana Monastery.

The Department of Royal Pages distributed a sum of 46 chang and 10 tamlueng to 111 monks from Sam Phraya Monastery and 75 monks from Khruea Wan Monastery, totalling to 186 monks.

Phraya Aphainorit from the Police Department distributed a sum of 38 chang and 10 tamlueng to 24 monks from Daowadueng Monastery, 30 monks from Chimphli Monastery, 14 monks from Chinosaram Monastery, 17 monks from Mai Thong Sem Monastery, 21 monks from Khrut Monastery, 23 monks from Phawa Monastery, 13 monks from Lat Singkhon Monastery, 11 monks from Lat Bua Khao Monastery, and 1 monk from Khun Chan Monastery, totalling to 154 monks.

Nai Krom distributed a sum of 2 chang and 5 tamlueng to 5 monks from Non Raman Monastery and 4 monks from Prathum Thani Monastery, totalling to 9 monks.

In total, a sum of 382 chang and 5 tamlueng was distributed to 1,529 monks on Tuesday, the 9th waning-moon day of the 3rd month.

On both days, a total sum of 630 chang was distributed to 2,520 monks from 25 monasteries, 5 tamlueng each.

The following entry was not dated but it is understood to be Wednesday, the 10th waning-moon day of the 3rd month^[10] because it was placed between the 9th and 11th waning-moon days.

In the Capital
Monks entitled to state-funded alms
Phrarachakhana		24
Thana holding posts		3
Thana who were parian		2
Phra-khru in charge of monasteries		7
Parian		25
Sammanen who were parian		3
Total		64

Monks entitled to bucket rice
Thana who were third-class parian		3
Ordinary thana		94
Third-class parian		15
Phra-anuchon		2,136
Sammanen who were third-class parian		5
Total		2,253

In Outer Towns
Phra-khru who were entitled to state-funded alms		3
Ordinary thana		6
Phra-anuchon		68
Total		77

In total, a sum of 598 chang and 10 tamlueng was distributed to 2,394 monks, 5 tamlueng each.

(List of Monasteries and Distributors on This Day)

Chamuen Sanphet distributed a sum of 39 chang to 24 monks from Prot Ket Monastery, 34 monks from Phraichon Monastery, 9 monks from Boriwat Monastery, 10 monks from Ruak Monastery, 12 monks from Champa Monastery, 21 monks from Phakhini Nat Monastery, and 46 monks from Khahabodi Monastery, totalling to 156 monks.

Phraya Choduek from the Left Department of Ports distributed a sum of 12 chang and 15 tamlueng to 51 monks from Chottanaram Monastery.

Luang Thep from the Department of Military Registration distributed a sum of 13 chang and 10 tamlueng to 54 monks from Bang Lamphu Monastery.

Chamuen Inthamat distributed a sum of 7 chang and 5 tamlueng to 29 monks from Khuha Sawan Monastery.

Phraya Thepworachun from the Department of Defence distributed a sum of 75 chang to 300 monks from Chakkrawat Monastery.

Chamuen Samuhaphiman distributed a sum of 39 chang and 10 tamlueng to 91 monks from Bophit Phimuk Monastery and 67 monks from the New Monastery of Phraya Siphiphat, totalling to 158 monks.

Krommamuen Phithakthewet distributed a sum of 71 chang and 5 tamlueng to 269 monks from Sa Ket Monastery and 16 monks from Samo Khraeng Monastery, totalling to 285 monks.

Phraya Aphainorit distributed a sum of 34 chang and 10 tamlueng to 94 monks from Moli Lok Monastery and 44 monks from Pak Nam Monastery, totalling to 138 monks.

Chamuen Rachaban distributed a sum of 15 chang and 10 tamlueng to 62 monks from Thong Nopphakhun Monastery.

Krommakhun Det-adison distributed a sum of 62 chang and 10 tamlueng to 49 monks from Thong Thammachat Monastery and 201 monks from Prathum Khongkha Monastery, totalling to 250 monks.

Luang Raksabombat from the Central Department of Ports distributed a sum of 45 chang and 10 tamlueng to 59 monks from Ko Kaeo Monastery, 104 monks from Dusit Monastery, and 19 monks from Phumarin Monastery, totalling to 182 monks.

Phraya Phetphichai distributed a sum of 23 chang and 15 tamlueng to 44 monks from Krabue Monastery and 51 monks from Bowon Mongkhon Monastery, totalling to 95 monks.

Luang Sikalasamut from the Department of Military Registration distributed a sum of 14 chang and 10 tamlueng to 58 monks from Samo Rai Monastery.

Phraya Ratchasuphawadi from the Department of Military Registration distributed a sum of 88 chang and 5 tamlueng to 148 monks from Ratcha-orot Monastery, 1 monk from Sala Khruen Monastery, 39 monks from Nang Monastery, 54 monks from Nang Nong Monastery, and 111 monks from Kanlayanamit Monastery, totalling to 353 monks.

Phra Phirenthep distributed a sum of 49 chang to 196 monks from Hong Monastery.

In total, a sum of 598 chang and 10 tamlueng was distributed to 2,394 monks, 5 tamlueng each.

On all of the three days, a total sum of 1,228 chang and 10 tamlueng was distributed 4,914 monks.

On Thursday, the 11th waning-moon day of the 3rd month,^[11] distributed to monks from 40 monasteries

In the Capital
Monks entitled to state-funded alms

Phrarachakhana		18
Thana who held certain posts		5
Thana who were parian		4
Phra-khru in charge of monasteries		5
Parian		21
Athikan		1
Total		54

Monks entitled to bucket rice
ถานาที่เป็นเปรียญ 3 ประโยค		2
ถานาสามัญ		80
เปรียญ 3 ประโยค		9
พระอนุจร		2,009
สามเณรเปรียญ 3 ประโยค		5
Total		2,159

In Outer Towns
Monks entitled to state-funded alms
พระราชาคณะ		3
พระครู		1
เปรียญ		3
Total		7

Monks entitled to bucket rice
ถานา		16
เปรียญ		1
พระอนุจร		271
Total		295

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Royal Order for Giving Away of Money to Citizens

On Friday, the fourth waning-moon day of the fourth month,^[12] after the beating of the dawn drum,^[13] Čhāočhǭmmāndā ʿƯng and Thāo Sīsatčhā (Sǣng) came out at the Sanām Rātchakit Gate^[14] and told the royal son Phraʿongčhāo ʿAnnop that it was His Majesty’s command that he withdraw money from the Grand Treasury and give one baht away to each citizen every day from that very Friday, the fourth waning-moon day of the fourth month of the Year of the Dog, Year Two. When the royal command was brought out, Krommamư̄n Wongsāsanit, Phraʿongčhāo Latdāwan, Phraʿongčhāo ʿUrai, Čhamư̄n Samœ̄čhairāt, and Nāi Chaikhan were present all together.

Conclusion

As his illness grew graver, His Majesty King Nangklāo Čhāoyūhūa changed his residence to the West Manor. He remained of sound mind despite the illness gradually worsening, until Wednesday, the first waxing-moon day of the fifth month of the year 1212 Lesser Era, the Year of the Pig, still being Year Two,^[15] the time of eight thum and five bat,^[16] when he died aged sixty-three years and eleven days, having been on the glorious throne of royalty for twenty-six years, seven months, and twenty-three days.

↑ 1929 CE. (Wikisource contributor note)
↑ 1887/88 CE. (Wikisource contributor note)
↑ Spelt “ลัดดาวัลิ” (Latdāwan) in the main content. (Wikisource contributor note)
↑ 2368 Buddhist Era fell between 1824 and 1825 Common Era. As he ascended the throne on 21 July, it was 1824 CE. (Wikisource contributor note)
↑ 1212 Lesser Era or 2393 Buddhist Era fell between 1850 and 1851 Common Era. As the tenth month is mentioned, the year here should be 1850 CE. (Wikisource contributor note)
↑ x
↑ Rice distributed in buckets. (Wikisource contributor note)
↑ x
↑ x
↑ x
↑ x
↑ 21 March 2393 BE (1851 CE). (Wikisource contributor note)
↑
The drum, named Yam Phra Surisī (Thai: ย่ำพระสุริยศรี; “Beat the Glorious Sun”), was beaten around 06:00 every morning in front of the Temple of the Reclining Buddha. (Wikisource contributor note)
References
- "Klǭng samrap phra nakhǭn" [Drums for the Kingdom]. Fine Arts Department (in Thai). 2020.
- "Yam" [Beat]. Office of the Royal Society (in Thai). 2012.
↑ A gate in the Grand Palace, being an entrance to and exit from the inner court, opened at 06:00 every morning. (Wikisource contributor note)
Reference: Bunrāt, Thammarong (2020). "Dontrī nai ngānsomphōt phrathawān chan nai" [Music at feasts within the inner gates]. Fine Arts Department (in Thai).
↑
The date corresponds to 2 April 2394 BE (1851 CE). Year Two refers to a year that ends with “2” under the Lesser Era calendar (“1212” in this case). It was still Year Two because the LE year had not yet turned from 1212 LE to 1213 LE (which would happen between the sixth waxing-moon day of the fifth month and the fifth waxing-moon day of the sixth month), despite the zodiac year having already changed from the Year of the Dog to the Year of the Pig (as the zodiac year change happened on the first day of the fifth month). These conflicting lunar systems were officially abandoned in 1889 CE, when the Gregorian calendar was adopted by the Siamese government. (Wikisource contributor note)
References
- Na Nakhǭn, Prasœ̄t (2024). "Withī khamnūan rabop patithin bǣp thai" [Calculation methods for Thai calendar systems]. Thailand Cultural Encyclopedia (in Thai).
- Rǣthǭng, Čhakkrit (2012). "Kānplīan pī naksat" [Zodiac year change]. Myhora (in Thai).
- Samīannārī (2024). "Wan dư̄an khǭng thai mā čhāk nai" [Where do Thai days and months come from?]. Arts and Culture (in Thai).
↑ 02:30 hours (under the modern 24-hour clock system). (Wikisource contributor note)

[1] 1929 CE. (Wikisource contributor note)

[2] 1887/88 CE. (Wikisource contributor note)

[3] Spelt “ลัดดาวัลิ” (Latdāwan) in the main content. (Wikisource contributor note)

[4] 2368 Buddhist Era fell between 1824 and 1825 Common Era. As he ascended the throne on 21 July, it was 1824 CE. (Wikisource contributor note)

[5] 1212 Lesser Era or 2393 Buddhist Era fell between 1850 and 1851 Common Era. As the tenth month is mentioned, the year here should be 1850 CE. (Wikisource contributor note)

[6] x

[7] Rice distributed in buckets. (Wikisource contributor note)

[8] x

[9] x

[10] x

[11] x

[12] 21 March 2393 BE (1851 CE). (Wikisource contributor note)

[13] The drum, named Yam Phra Surisī (Thai: ย่ำพระสุริยศรี; “Beat the Glorious Sun”), was beaten around 06:00 every morning in front of the Temple of the Reclining Buddha. (Wikisource contributor note)
References
"Klǭng samrap phra nakhǭn" [Drums for the Kingdom]. Fine Arts Department (in Thai). 2020.

"Yam" [Beat]. Office of the Royal Society (in Thai). 2012.

[14] "Klǭng samrap phra nakhǭn" [Drums for the Kingdom]. Fine Arts Department (in Thai). 2020.

[15] "Yam" [Beat]. Office of the Royal Society (in Thai). 2012.

[14] A gate in the Grand Palace, being an entrance to and exit from the inner court, opened at 06:00 every morning. (Wikisource contributor note)
Reference: Bunrāt, Thammarong (2020). "Dontrī nai ngānsomphōt phrathawān chan nai" [Music at feasts within the inner gates]. Fine Arts Department (in Thai).

[15] The date corresponds to 2 April 2394 BE (1851 CE). Year Two refers to a year that ends with “2” under the Lesser Era calendar (“1212” in this case). It was still Year Two because the LE year had not yet turned from 1212 LE to 1213 LE (which would happen between the sixth waxing-moon day of the fifth month and the fifth waxing-moon day of the sixth month), despite the zodiac year having already changed from the Year of the Dog to the Year of the Pig (as the zodiac year change happened on the first day of the fifth month). These conflicting lunar systems were officially abandoned in 1889 CE, when the Gregorian calendar was adopted by the Siamese government. (Wikisource contributor note)
References
Na Nakhǭn, Prasœ̄t (2024). "Withī khamnūan rabop patithin bǣp thai" [Calculation methods for Thai calendar systems]. Thailand Cultural Encyclopedia (in Thai).

Rǣthǭng, Čhakkrit (2012). "Kānplīan pī naksat" [Zodiac year change]. Myhora (in Thai).

Samīannārī (2024). "Wan dư̄an khǭng thai mā čhāk nai" [Where do Thai days and months come from?]. Arts and Culture (in Thai).

[18] Na Nakhǭn, Prasœ̄t (2024). "Withī khamnūan rabop patithin bǣp thai" [Calculation methods for Thai calendar systems]. Thailand Cultural Encyclopedia (in Thai).

[19] Rǣthǭng, Čhakkrit (2012). "Kānplīan pī naksat" [Zodiac year change]. Myhora (in Thai).

[20] Samīannārī (2024). "Wan dư̄an khǭng thai mā čhāk nai" [Where do Thai days and months come from?]. Arts and Culture (in Thai).

[16] 02:30 hours (under the modern 24-hour clock system). (Wikisource contributor note)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

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