Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society/Volume 42/Chinese Names of Streets and Places in Singapore and the Malay Peninsula

by Harold William Firmstone

Chinese Names of Streets and Places in Singapore and the Malay Peninsula.

By H. W. Firmstone.

In two previous Journals lists of the Chinese names of streets in Singapore and in Penang have been published by Mr. Haughton and Lo Man Yuk (XXIII and ⁠.)

Mr. Firmstone continues and adds to this work the following Chinese names and translations.

I.—Chinese names of Streets in Singapore.

English.	Hokkien.	Cantonese.	Chinese Characters.	Remarks as to Meaning.
1. Albert Street	(i) Bo moaⁿ-iu koi	Mo ma-yau kai	街油蔴磨	(i) 'Grind oil of sesamum street': i.e. the street where oil is expressed from Sesamum.
...	(ii) Mang-ku-lu seng-ong-kong.	...	公王聖德八望	(ii) 'Bencoolen joss': i.e. the street of the Bencoolen street district joss.
2. Almeida Street	Gu-chhia-chui hi-hng au.	Ngau-chbe-shui bei-yün hau kai.	街後園戲水車牛	'Behind the Bullock-cart-water theatre' i.e. the street behind the Chinese theatre in Kreta Ayer, (of Smith street and Sago street).
3. Amoy Street	(i) Ma-cho-kiong au	...	後宮祖媽	(i) 'Behind the temple of Ma-cho'.
...	...	(ii) Kun-yam miu hau kai.	街後廟音觀	(ii) 'The street behind the temple of Kun-Yam', (The same temple is used for the worship both of the godddess Ma-cho, and of the goddess Kun-yam.)
...	(iii) Gi-oh khau	...	口學義	(iii) 'Free school mouth' i.e. in front of the Free school, there being a Chinese School in Amoy street.
...	...	(iv) Ha mun kai	街門買	(iv) 'Amoy street'. ('Ha-mun' is the Cantonese pronunciation of the characters representing the name of the place Amoy).
4. Angus Street	Kam-kong Ma-lak-kah neng-chhun hi-hng tui-bin koi,	...	街面對園戲春恒呷哋監	'Kampong Malacca chop 'Heng Chhun' theatre opposite street' i.e. the street in Kampong Malacca opposite the theatre of chop 'Heng Chhun'.) (Angus street is one of a dozen or more streets in the
...	...	...	...	Kampong Malacca district and no Chinaman would think of giving the name quoted, but would be content with the indefinite expression 'Kam-kong Ma-lak-kah.' The neighbourhood contains but few Cantonese, and they would use 'Kam-pong Ma-lak-kah.'
5. Ann Siang Hill	Chui-lan teng	Sui-lan theng	亭蘭萃	The 'chui-lan' pavilion'. (There used to be a club on this hill, known by this name).
6. Annamallai Chitty lane.	(i) Tek-kha Khut-thau hang.	(i) Chuk-keuk kwat-thau hong.	巻頭掘脚竹	(i) 'The cul-de-sac in 'Tek Kha'.' (Tek Kha' means 'foot of the bamboos' and is the universal name for all the Selegie Road neighbourhood).
...	(ii) Tek-kha tng-tiam tui-bin te-saⁿ-tiau.	(ii) Chuk-keuk tong- pho tui-min tai-sam-thiu.	條三第面對店當脚竹	(ii) 'The third (street) opposite the 'Tek-kha' pawnshop.' (There is a pawnshop in Selegie Road, and opposite it three narrow lanes lead off, viz. Veerappa Chetty lane, Nagapa lane, and this one.)
7. Anson Road	(i) Lau toa-peh-kong hit-tiau.	...	條那公伯老	(i) 'Old idol street.' (There is an old temple at Tanjong Pagar.)
...	(ii) Ti ku pa-sat khi Tan-jong Pa-kat hai-kiⁿ hit-tion.	...	條那墘海葛巴丹去虱巴舊自	(ii) 'From the old market going to Tanjong Pagar (along) the shore, that street'. These names are such as may be used by Hokkiens. I can find no Cantonese name. Far a great part of the road.
...	...	...	...	there are no houses and that accounts for the fact that there is no Chinese name as yet crystallised for the road.)
8. Arab Street	(i) Jiau-a koi	(ii) Yau-wa kai	街亞爪 街華休	'Javanese street.' (Many Javanese live here, and the Chinese have distinguished them as the chief inhabitants of the street.)
9. Armenian Street	Seng Po toa chhu au	Seng Po tai ok hau-pin.	後厝大寶成	'Behind Song Po's big house.' (Sing Po, i.e. Tan Song Po, a wealthy Chinaman, is now dead.)
10. Bain Court	(i) Chui-sien-mng be-liau hang-a lai.	...	內仔寮馬門仙水	(i) 'Water-fairy-gate stables lane within.'
...	...	(ii) Shui-sin-mun ma-fong kwat-thau hong.	巷頭掘房馬門仙水	(ii) 'Water-fairy-gate stables cul-de-sac.' (Bain Court is a lane off North Bridge Road. That part of North Bridge Road is called 'the Water-fairy-gate', why I cannot say, unless it is connected in any way with the fact that there was once a public bath in the vicinity. Douglas' Amoy Dictionary gives 'chui sien mng' 'gangway' but I know of no reason why this part of Singapore should be socalled,
11. Bain Street	(i) Hok-im-kuan au koi.	(i) Fuk-yam-kwan hau-kai.	街後舘音福	(i) 'Street behind the Gospel-house.'
...	(ii) Sek-a-ni le-pai-tng tui-bin hang.	...	巷面對堂拜禮仔色	(ii) 'Eurasian Church opposite lane.' ((ii) applies also to Holloway Lane).
12. Balestier Road	(i) O Kio.	...	橋烏	(i) 'Black Bridge.'
...	...	(ii) Wu-hap thong	塘葉芋	(ii) 'Taro Pond.' (ii) this name is also given to Delta Road (ii) there are fields planted with this vegetable in the Balestier Road neighbourhood.
...	(iii) Go-cho toa-peh-kong.	...	公伯大曹鵝	(iii) 'Rochore Temple.'
13. Bali Lane	(i) Sin Ba-li.	...	厘峇新	(i) 'New Bali.'
...	...	(ii) Ma-li hong.	巷厘馬	(ii) 'Bali Lane.' (i) New Bali, to distinguish the lane from Shaikh Madaesah Lane or 'Old Bali' adjoining.)
14. Banda Street	...	Fan-tsai mei.	尾寨番	End of the foreign brothels. ('Foreign' here means 'frequented by non-Chinese.' There is nothing but a roundabout way of expressing this Street in Hokkien; cf. Spring Street.)
15. Battery Road	(i) Tho-kho au	...	後庫土	(i) 'Behind the godowns.'
...	...	(ii) Dho-fu fa-yün pin.	邊園花庫土	(ii) 'Beside the garden (near the) godowns. (There is no definite name. A Chinaman would undoubtedly have to go into further detail to distinguish Battery Road from adjoining Streets).
16. Beach Lane.	Thih pa-sat khut-thau hang.	Thit pa-sat kwat-thau hang.	巷頭掘虱巴鐵	'The iron market cul-de-sac.' (The iron market is the market built of iron, i.e. Clyde Terrace Market).
17. Beach Road.	(i) Sio-po hai-kiⁿ.	...	墘海坡小	(i) 'Small-town sea shore.' ('Sio-po' is small town' i, e. that part of Singapore to the north of the Stamford Road Canal, as opposed to 'toa-po' or big town, the Singapore river end of the town.)
...	...	(ii) Kam-pong hoi-pin.	邊海傍金	(ii) 'Kampong' sea shore.' (Kampong means Kampong Glam, and is practically the Cantonese equivalent for 'sio-po.')
...	(iii) Thih pa-sat khau.	(iii) Thit pa-sat hau	口虱巴鐵	(iii) 'Iron market' i. e. the street to which the iron market opens or faces (see Beach Lane).
...	...	(iv) Sha-tsui hung-mo thit-chhong tui-min.	面對廠鐵毛紅嘴沙	(iv) Tanjong Rhu European foundry opposite. (This would seem to be a roundabout way of describing Beach Road, and would probably only be used as explanatory of (ii) (but I heard it used).
...	(v) Bang heng bi-kau.	(v) Man heng mai-kau.	郊米興萬	(v) 'Chop 'Ban Heng' rice-mill.'
...	...	(vi) Hoi-nam wui-kwun hoi-pin kai.	街邊海館會南海	(vi) 'The street along the shore near the Hailam kongsi-house.
...	(vii) Ji-chap keug	(vii) Yi-shap kan.	間十二	(vii) 'Twenty buildings.' (This name is more generally given to Jalan Sultan, but the twenty houses in question were in Beach Road! This is only characteristic.)
18. Belilios Road.	Phau-be po hang	Phau-ma po hong	巷坡馬跑	'Race Course Lane.' (There is no other name for this and half a dozen other streets leading from Serangoon Road towards the Race Course.)
19. Bencoolen Street.	(i) Chhai-tng au.	(ii) Chai-thong hau.	後堂菜 後堂齋	(i) and (ii) Behind the Vegetarians' hall.' (There is a meeting house of Chinese Vegetarian guild here.)
...	(ii) Mang-ku-lu toa lo.	...	路大魯久望	(ii) ''Bencoolen' big street.'
...	...	(iii) Mong-kwo-lo.	路菓芒	(iii) 'Bencoolen.' (A number of streets in this neighbourhood are spoken of as 'Bencoolen' by all classes of Chinese. It is usually exceedingly difficult to ascertain which street is meant).
20. Ben Hoon Road	Chin-long lai.	Chau-long roi.	內廊酒	'Within the spirit depôt (district).' (There was formerly a factory of Chinese spirit near where this road now lies. It is disused now. Cf. Cheeng Hong Lim Lane, where there is also a disused spirit-factory.)
21. Bernam Street	Tan-jong pa-kat chin-seng shaⁿ khau.	Tan-yong pa-kat chan-seng shan bau.	口山成振葛巴戎丹	'Tanjong Pagar Chin Seng Hill mouth' i.e. the road on to which Chin Seng Hill opens (or faces) at Tanjong Pagar. (I do not suppose that this name would help one much to locate the street in speaking to a Chinaman, but there are no names for this or many other of the numerous new streets off Tanjong Pagar Road. However I was given this description as applicable to Bernam Street among others. 'Chin-Seng Hill' is what is usually called Bukit Kim Cheng.')
22. Bernard Street	Go-cho lut bo-bue hang.	Lo cho lut mo-mei hong.	巷尾無律槽鵝	'Rochore Road no end lane.' (This is a small blind alley off Rochore Road.)
23. Birch Road.	Phau-be po lang	Phau-ma po hong	巷坡馬跑	'Race Course Lane.' (See Belilios Road).
24. Blanco Court	Gu-long lai	...	內壠牛	'Within the godowns (quarter).' (Gu-lang' is not Chinese, but is simply 'godown' pronounced in Hokkien fashion. I do not know why such a name is specified for such an insignificant street as Blanco Court.)
25. Boat Quay.	(i) Tiam-pang lo-thau	...	頭路邦墊	(i) Sampan ghaut or landing-place.' (This applies to the lower part of Boat Quay near Purvis Creek.)
...	(ii) Chap-saⁿ kang	(ii) Shap-sam hong	行三十	(ii) 'Thirteen shops,' i.e. the part near where Canton Street joins it.
...	(iii) Khe-kiⁿ	...	墘溪	(iii) 'River-side.'
...	(iv) Chap-peh keng	(iv) Shap-pat kan	間八十	(iv) 'Eighteen houses,' i.e. the part near Circular Road.
...	(v) Chui-chhu bue	...	尾厝水	(v) 'Bathing-house end.' (This name is little used: it belongs to the Canton Street part.)
26. Bonham Street.	Tuan Kat tho-kho au-bue	Tun kat tho-fu hau-mei.	尾後庫土葛級	'At the back of Mr. Katz' godown' i.e. behind Katz Brothers' Shop.
27. Bras Basah Road.	(i) Lau kha-khu-keng khau.	...	口間拘脚老	(i) & (ii) 'Old Gaol Mouth.' (The old gaol was between Stamford Road and Bras Basah Road. 'Kha-khu' means 'fetters' in Hokkien. The Cantonese is adapted.)
...	...	(ii) Kau ka-ku hau	口古架舊	...
...	(iii) Ho-lan-se le-pai-tng piⁿ	(iii) Fat-lan-sai lai-pai-thong pin.	邊堂拜禮西蘭和	(iii) 'Beside the French Church.'
...	(iv) Hai-kiⁿ ang-neo toa-oh piⁿ	...	邊學大毛紅墘海	(iv) 'Beside the seaside English big school' (i.e. Raffles Institute).
...	...	(v) Tai shü-kwun-fong pin.	邊旁舘書大	(v) 'Beside the big school.'
28. Buffalo Road	Kam-kong ka-la-bu phau-be po hang	Phau-ma po hang	巷埔馬跑武勝加公監	'Kampong (for Kandang) Kerbau Race-course Lane.'
29. Buggis Street	Peh sua-pu	...	浮沙白	'White-wash' (?) (Sua-pu is said to be the Malay 'sapu;' but no information is forthcoming as to the reason for the name, which I suppose be due to the houses there being once given an extra coat of whitewash).
30. Bukit Timah Road.	(i) Tek-kha kang-a kiⁿ	...	墘仔港脚竹	(i) & (ii) 'The side of the stream in the Tek-kha (or Selegie Road) district.'
...	...	(ii) Tek-kha chhung pin.	邊涌脚竹	(This only refers to the lower end of the Bukit Timah Road. The Wayang Satu and Bukit Timah village parts are differently called; see under the country districts.)
31. Canal Road.	(i) Kam-kong Ma-lak-kah kang-a kiⁿ.	...	墘仔港甲六馬公監	(i) 'Beside the Kampong Malacca Stream. (This name is practically obsolete.)
...	(ii) Pik-ki-lin au	(ii) Pak-khi-lun hau (pin kai).	後麟其畢	(ii) The street behind the 'Pickering' (office)' i.e. the Chinese Protectorate.
...	(iii) Kong chioh-a	...	仔石貢	(iii) 'Stone breaking.' (This is the general name for Havelock Road, but the name is also applied to Canal Road.)
...	(iv) Pun-so chhia	...	車掃糞	(iv) 'Refuse sweeping carts.' (Municipal refuse carts are stationed here.
32. Cantonment Road.	Pa-so bue	Pa-so mei	尾梭巴	'End of (Bukit) Pasoh.'
33. Canton Street	(i) Khai kiⁿ hueⁿ-koi-a.	...	仔街橫墘溪	(i) & (ii) 'Small cross street by Boat Quay.'
...	...	(ii) Shap-sam hong wang kai-tsai.	仔街橫行三十	...
34. Carine Street	(i) Go-cho lut ho-bue hang.	...	巷尾無律槽鵝	(i) & (ii) 'Cul-de-sac near Rochore (Road).' (cf. Bernard Street.)
...	...	(ii) Lo-cho kwat-thau hong.	巷頭掘槽鵝	...
35. Carpenter Street.	(i) Hi-kuan koi	...	街舘戲	(i) 'Theatre Street.' (The first Tiechiu theatre was in this street.)
...	(ii) Gi-hok koi	(ii) Yi-fuk kai	街福義	(ii) ''Gi-hok' Street.' (The old 'Gi-hok' society had a Kongsi-house here: cf. Clarke street.)
36. Cashin Street	(i) Hok-im-kuan au hueⁿ-hang.	(i) Fuk-yam-kwun hau-pin wang-hong.	巷橫後舘音福	(i) 'The cross street behind the Gospel-house.'
...	(ii) Ka-seng koi	...	街興嘉	(ii) (This is phonetic for 'Cashin.')
37. Cavenagh Road	Toa-ong-suaⁿ au koi	Tai-wong-shan hau kai.	街後山王大	'The street behind the Governor's hill.' (I do not think there is any fixed name for Cavenagh Road, but this was given to me to indicate it.)
38. Cecil Road	(i) A-phieu kongsi	...	司公片鴉	(i) 'Opium-Kongsi.' (The headquarters of the Opium Farm have
...	...	...	...	has been in this street for the past ⁠2+1/2⁠ years.)
...	...	(ii) Si-shü kai	街書詩	(ii) Phonetic (Si-shü for Cecil.)
...	(iii) Lau pa-sat ma-ta-chhu au.	...	後厝打馬虱吧老	(iii) 'Behind the Police Station near the old market.'
39. Cheang Hong Lim Lane.	Kong chioh-a chiu-long lai.	Chau-long noi	內廊酒仔石貢	'Stone-breaking spirit-depôt within' i.e. 'within spirit-depôt (quarter) in the Havelock Road neighbourhood.' (All lower Havelock Road and district is called "Stone-breaking (place)." There is a disused spirit factory in Cheang Chong Lim Lane which leads off Havelock Road. Cf: Beng Hoon Road.)
40. Cheang Hong Lim Street.	Peh keng-a	...	仔間八	'Eight small buildings.' (This is a very short street, so the name is not altogether inappropriate.)
41. Cheang Lim Hien Street.	Kong chioh-a chiu-long lai.	Chau-long noi	內廊酒仔石貢	(See under Chenng Hong Lim Lane.)
42. Cheang Wan Seng Road.	Chiu-long piⁿ	Chau-long pin	邊廊酒	'Beside the spirit-depôt' (cf. Beng Hoon Road.)
43. Cheng Cheok Street.	Gu-kak hang.	Ngau-kok hong	巷角牛	'Ox-horn lane': so called because the street runs in a semicircle, more or less, from Tanjong Pagar Road back
...	...	...	...	again to Tanjong Pagar Road, forming a cresent or pair of ox-horns.
44. China Street	(i) Kiau-keng khau	...	口間賭	(i) 'Gambling houses' mouth. i.e. the street on to which the gambling houses open.
...	...	(ii) Po-tsz-chheung kai	街場字寶	(ii) 'Gambling-hall street.'
...	(iii) Gi-hin kong-si	...	司公興義	(iii) 'Gi-Hin Kongsi house.' (There was formerly a Kongsi-house of the old Gi-Hin Society here.)
45. Chinchew Street	Tau-hu koi	Tau-fu kai	街腐荳	'Bean-curd street.'
46. Chin Hin Street	(i) Toa-po sim koi-a	...	仔街新城大	(i) 'Big town new little street.' ('Big town' is distinguished from 'small town,' which is across the Stamford Road canal; see under Beach Road. It is necessary to add the 'Big town' here, because there is another 'New Street'—Fraser Street—in 'small town.'
...	...	(ii) Chhiu-chau san kai.	街新州潮	(ii) 'Tiechiu new street.' (The district is largely inhabited by Tiechius, but the street itself is a Cantonese brothel street.)
...	(iii) Sin pa-sat sin koi	...	街新虱巴新	(iii) 'New market new street.' (New market' is the Ellenborough Market close by.)
47. Chin Swee Road	(i) Kong chioh-a chiu-long lai.	Chau-long noi	內廊酒仔石貢	(i) (See under Cheang Hong Lim Lane).
...	(ii) Chin-sui koi	Chan-sui kai	街瑞振	(ii) (This is an adaptation, meaning simply Chin-swee Road—it is not commonly used excpt by Babas.)
...	(iii) Siok- ui suaⁿ teng.	...	頂山惠淑	(ii) 'Siok Wee's plantation.' (The land about here belonged to Kiong Siok Wee.)
48. Chhoa Lam Street.	Siok-ui suaⁿ teng	...	頂山惠淑	(See under Chin Swee Road above.)
49. Church Street	Go-tai thien kiong	Ng-toi thin kong	宮天代五	'Heavenly palace of the five generations. ('Thien kiong' Heavenly palace is an abbreviation for 'thien hok kiong' i.e. palace of heavenly bliss; there is a temple of this name in this street, in which five josses of different seⁿ or clan-names are enshrined.)
50. Circular Road	(i) Chap-saⁿ hang au	(i) Shap-sam hong hau.	後行三十	(i) 'Behind the thirteen shops'.
...	(ii) Chap-peh keng au.	(ii) Shap-pat kan hau.	後間八十	(ii) 'Behind the eighteen buildings'. (Cf. Boat Quay).
51. Clarke Street	(i) Gi-hok kong-si au	...	後司公福義	(i) 'Behind the Gi-hok Kongsi (house).'
...	...	(ii) San yi-fuk kong-si hau-pin	便後司公福義新	(ii) 'Behind the New Gi-hok Kongsi (house) Cf. Carpenter street. The new Gi-hok Kongsi house was near here.)
52. Clive Street	Kam-kong ka-poh	Kam-kong ka-pok	薄加公監	'Kampong Kapor'. (This street is in the Kampong Kapor district and has no definite name. Cf. Dunlop street.)
53. Club Street	(i) Toa-mng lai	(i) Tai-mun noi	內門大	(i) 'Within the big gate'. (This has disappeared).
...	(ii) Chui-lan teng	(ii) Sui-lan theng	亭蘭萃	(ii) 'Chu-lan pavilion' (see under Ann Siang Hill).
54. Clyde Street	Thih pa-sat ma-ta-chhu tui-bin hang.	Thit pa-sat ma-ta-liu bui-min hong.	巷面對厝打嗎虱巴鐵	'The lane opposite the Police Station near the iron market.'
55. Clyde Terrace	Uaⁿ-tiam khau	Wun-tim hau.	口店碗	'Crockery-shop mouth,' i.e. opposite the mouth of the street where these shops are.
56. Coleman Street	(i) Chin-seng chhu-piⁿ	...	邊厝成振	(i) 'Beside Chin Seng's house."
...	...	(ii) Chan-seng tai-ok fong pin	邊旁屋大成振	(ii) 'Beside Chin Seng's big house.' ('Chin Seng' was the chop of the late Tan Kim Cheng, a well known citizen of Singapore.)
...	(iii) Hiok-ni sin chhu au.	...	後厝新尼最	(iii) 'At the back of Tan Hiok Ni's new house.'
57. Collyer Quay	(i) Tho-kho au	...	後庫土	(i) 'Behind the godowns.'
...	...	(ii) Tho-fu hau hoi pin	邊海後庫土	(ii) 'Behind the godowns by the seaside.'
...	(iii) Ang-teng lo-thau	...	頭路燈紅	(iii) 'Red lamp landing place' i.e. Johnston's pier.
58. Commercial Square	(i) Tho-kho khau	...	口庫土	(i) 'Mouth of the godowns.'
...	...	(ii) Tho-fu fa-yün pin.	邊園花庫土	(ii) 'Beside the godowns' flower-garden.'
...	(iii) Hue-bng kak	...	...	(iii) 'Flower-garden square.'
59. Cornwall Street	Chiu-long lai	Chau-long noi	內廊酒	(See under Beng Hoon Road.)
60. Craig Road	(i) Gu-chhia-chui kia	...	崎水車牛	(i) 'Side of Kreta Ayer.'
...	(ii) Ka-lek lut	...	律力加	(ii) Phonetic only.
...	...	(iii) San yiong tai uk pin	...	(iii) 'Beside Sam Yiong's big house.' (This street is largely inhabited by Babas, hence the 'Ka-lek lut.' 'San Yiong was the chop of the late Tan Kim Tian and it is still used by his descendants; the name is not generally known.)
61. Crawford Road	(i) Go-cho bue	(i) Lo-cho mei	尾槽鵝	(i) 'End of Rochore.'
...	(ii) Go-cho pa-sat	(ii) Lo-cho pa-sat	虱巴槽鵝	(ii) 'Rochore Market.'
62. Cross Street	(i) Kit-ling-a koi	...	街仔靈吉	(i) 'Kling Street.' There are a large number of Kling shops in Cross Street).
...	...	(ii) Hoi-san kai ha kai	街下街山海	(ii) 'Hoi-san' street lower street.' ('Hoi-san' street is Upper Cross street, q.v.)
63. Cumming Street	Kam-kong ma-lak kah hi-hng koi	Kam-pong ma-lak-kah hei-yün kai	街園戲甲六馬公監	'Kampong Malacca theatre street.' (but see Angus Street).
64. D'Almeida Street	(i) Tho-kho le-long-kwan	(i) Tho-fu ham-lang kwun	舘攏黎庫土	(i) 'The auction-rooms by the godowns.'
...	(ii) Hiap Hoat koi	(ii) Hip fat kai	街發協	(ii) 'Yap Watt street.' (The first name refers to Powell and Crane's auction-rooms, and the second to the chop of a firm which recently occupied premises there).
65. Damer Road	(i) Ong-ke sua-kah be-liau piⁿ	(i) Wong-ka shan-keuk ma-fong pin	邊寮馬脚山家王	(i) 'Beside the stables at the foot of the Government Hill' (i.e. Fort Canning).
...	(ii) Ong-ke suaⁿ-kha Kong-pan-ge phah chioh	...	石打衙班公脚山家王	(ii) 'At the foot of Fort Canning where the Municipality breaks stones.' (There is a Municipal store-yard close by).
66. Delta Road	O kio	Wu khiu	橋烏	'The black bridge.' (This name is also given by Hokkiens to part of Balestier Road q.v.)
67. De Souza Street	Lam-in-tang tho-kho kak-thau	Lam-yin-thung tho-fu kok-thau	頭角庫土筒烟藍	'Blue funnel godown corner.' (Mansfield & Co's godown is the corner of this street.)
68. Dickson Road	Kam-kong ka-poh	Kam-pong ka-pok	薄加公監	'Kampong Kapor.' (cf. Clive Street, Dunlop Street &c.)
69. Dunlop Street	Kam-kong ka-poh hueⁿ (or toa) koi	Kam pong ka-pok wang (or tai) kai	街大或街橫薄加公監	'Kampong Kapor Cross (or big) street.' (This is perhaps is the biggest street in what is known as Kampong Kapor. The Chinese have not yet given names to the streets here.)
70. Duxton Road	(i) Gu-chhia-chui kia	...	崎水車牛	(i) At the side of Kreta Ayer (cf. Craig Road).
...	(ii) Tok-sun lut	(ii) Tak-sun lut	律順德	(ii) Phonetic, but commonly used.
...	(iii) Kam-kong-a lai	...	內仔公監	(iii) Within the little 'Kampong.'
71. Ellenborough Street	Sin pa-sat piⁿ	San pa-sat pin	邊虱巴新	'Beside the New Market (Ellenborough Market).
72. Enggor Street	Chin-seng suaⁿ khau	Chan-seng shan hau	口山成振	'Chin-Seng, Hill mouth' (see under Bernan Street).
73. Esplanade	(i) Toa-kok cheng chhau-po	...	...	(i) 'Grass field in front of Supreme Court.'
74. Farquhar Street	Go-cho lut bo-bue hang	Lo-cho lut mo-mei hong	巷尾無律槽梧	'Rochore Road no end lane) or cul-de-sac.' (see under Carnie street).
75. Fish Court	Lo-ma pan-jiang hang	Lo-ma pan-yang hong	巷讓班碼路	'Rumah Panjang lane.' ('Rumah Panjong'='long house,' and is practically a house of ill fame: in Singapore it is the name given to a district in the neighbourhood of the junction of Rochore Road with North Bridge Road.)
76. Fish Street	Sin pa-sat piⁿ	San pa-sat pin	邊虱巴新	'Beside the New Market.' (See Ellenborough Street. Fish Street and the latter are one on each side of the Ellenborough Market).
77. Fisher Street	Kam-kong ma-lak-kak Tan-seng-ong au	Kam-pong ma-lak-kah chhan-sheng-wong hau	後王聖陳呷𠯿麻公監	'Behind the Tan-seng-ong (temple) in Kampong Malacca.'
78. Flint Street	Tho-kho bue	The-fu mei	尾庫土	'End of the godowns.'
79. Fraser Street	(i) Sio-po sin-koi	...	街新坡小	(ii) 'Small town in New Street.'
...	...	(ii) Kam-pong san-kai	街新榜金	(ii) 'Kampong (Glam) New Street.' (Cf. Chin Hin Street).
80. Garden Street	(ii) Thih pa-sat gek-lu-ma hang	...	巷馬呂玉虱巴鐵	(i) 'Lane of the 'Gek-lu-ma' idol near the iron market.'
...	(ii) Thih-pa-sat tui-bin hang	Thit pa-sat tui-min hong	巷面對虱巴鐵	(ii) 'Lane opposite the iron market.' (The lane runs into Beach Road opposite Clyde Terace Market.
81. George Street	(i) Po-le-au sun-hong koi	...	街豐順後黎保	(i) 'Behind the Central Police Station street of chop 'Sun Hong.'' (Commonly spoken of simply as behind the Police Station).
...	...	(ii) Po-li-sz hau-pin kai	街便後士璃玻	(ii) 'Behind the Police Station Street.'
82. Gopeng Street	Cho-su-kong khau	Cho-sz-kung	口宮師祖	'Mouth of the Cho-su-kong temple.' (This name has to do duty for a number of
...	...	...	...	streets in the Tanjong Pagar district, where as a matter of fact the streets have no fixed names).
83. Guthrie Lane	Kat-ti-li hang-a lai	Kat-tei-lei hong-tsai	内仔巷利地葛	'Guthrie Lane.' (This is a new thoroughfare and it is so far only know by its Municipal name).
84. Haji Lane	(i) Huan-a kam-kong lai	...	内公監仔番	(i) 'Within the Malay Kampong.'
...	(ii) Jiau-a koi kam-kong lai	...	内公監街亞爪	(ii) 'Within the Arab Street Kampong.'
...	...	(iii) Yau-wa kai hong tsui	仔巷街亞爪	iii) 'Arab Street little lane.' (Haji Lane lies parallel to Arab Street).
85. Havelock Road	(i) Kong chioh-a	...	仔石貢	(i) 'Stone-breaking.'
...	(ii) Hong lim pa-sat	...	虱巴林芳	(ii) 'Hong Lim Market.' (This is the name of that part near the Police Station where the late Cheang Hong Lim built a market years ago. Stones for use on the roads used to be broken near the Police Station).
...	(iii) Chiu-long lai	Chau-long noi	内廊酒	(iii) 'Within the spirit-depôt (district).' (See under Beng Hoon Road).
...	...	(iv) Pak-khi-lin chik kai	街直粪其北	(iv) 'Pickering strait street,' i.e. the street in the same line as the Chinese Protectorate.
86. High Street	(i) Toa-kok Koi	(i) Tai-kot kai	街略大	(i) 'Supreme Court Street.'
...	(ii) Sang-cheⁿ lo	...	路井雙	(ii) 'Two wells road.' (This name is not much used now. Formerly there were two wells at the foot of Fort Canning just where High Street joins Hill Street).
87. Hill Street	(i) Ong-ke suaⁿ kha	(i) Wong-ka shan keuk	脚山家王	(i) 'Foot of Government Hill.' (Government Hill in the old days was Fort Canning Hill).
...	(ii) Tiau-kio thau	(ii) Tiu-khiu thau	頭橋吊	(ii) 'End of the suspension bridge.' i.e. the bridge connecting Hill Street and New Bridge Road.
88. Hock Lam Street	Hok-lam koi	Fuk-nam kai	街南福	''Hok-lam' street.' ('Hok-lam' is the chop of Lau Kim Pong who owns many houses in this street).
89. Hokkien Street	(i) Tso be-chhia koi	...	街車馬做	(i) 'The street where (horse) carriages are made.'
...	(ii) Chhiang-thai koi e chat	...	節下街泰長	(ii) 'Lower portions of 'Chhiang Thai' Street.'
...	...	(iii) Cheung-thai ha kai	街下泰長	(iii) ''Chhiang Thai' lower street.' (The street is called the 'lower part of Chhiang Thai street,' because Upper Hokkien Street is 'Chhiang Thai' Street. 'Chhiang Thai' is the style of a well known temple in the street).
90. Halloway Lane	(i) Sio-po thih-chhio au koi	...	街後廠鐵坡小	(i) 'The street behind the iron foundry in small town' (see Beach Road).
...	...	(ii) Kam-pong ta-thit-chhong hau-pin	便後廠鐵打榜金	(ii) 'Behind the iron foundry in Kampong Glam).'
...	(iii) Sek-a-ni la-pai-tng tui-bin hang	...	巷面對堂拜禮年仔色	(ii) 'The lane opposite the Portuguese Church' (cf. Bain Street.)
91. Hong Kong Street	Ma-kau koi	Ma-kau kai	街交馬	'Macao Street.' (I cannot explain this name satisfactorily. I am told that the street is known to the Chinese as Macao Street, because many Chinese from Macao lived there. But the Chinese know Macao by the name "O-mun." I do not think therefore that that can be the correct explanation. More probably it is adopted from Malay, Malays call Cantonese "Orang Macao," and this street was the home of many Cantonese women at one time.
92. Hong Lim Quay	(i) Kam-kong Ma-lak-kah hai-kiⁿ	(i) Kam-pong ma-lak kah hoi pin	墘海呷𠯿麻公監	(i) 'Kampong Malacca seashore.'
...	(ii) Kam-kong Ma-lak-kah chha-chun thau	...	頭船柴呷𠯿麻公監	(ii) 'Kampong Malacca timber-boat landing-place.'
93. Hylam Street	(i) Hai-lam koi	(i) Hoi-nam kai	街南海	(i) 'Hailam Street.'
...	(ii) Hai-lam hue-kuan au	...	舘會南海	(ii) 'Behind the Hailam kongsi house.'
94. Jalan Besar	Kam-kong ka-poh thai-tu long	Kam-pong ka-pok thong-chü fong	廊猪刣薄加公監	'The Slaughter-pig depot in Kampong Kapor': referring of course to the Abattoir.
95. Jalan Klapa	Tioⁿ-sian-su piⁿ	Chheung-sin-sz (fong) pin	邊師先張	'Beside the 'Tioⁿ Sian-Su' temple.'
96. Jalan Kledek	(i) Huan-a thiong-cheng tong tiau	...	條前塚仔番	(i) & (ii) "The Middle Street in front of the Malay Cemetery."
...	...	(ii) Ma-lai fan tui-min chung-kan ko-thiu	條個間中面對墳拉馬	(i) & (ii) 'The stable in front of the Malay cemetery.'
97. Jalan Kubor	(i) Huan-a thiong-cheng be-liau	...	寮馬前塜仔番	...
...	...	(ii) Ma-lai fan tui-min ma-fong	房馬面對墳拉馬	(i) & (ii) 'The stable in front of the Malay cemetery.'
98. Jalan Penang	Eng-chhai ti	...	地菜子	'Ground where (a vegetable called) 'eng-chhai is planted.' (It is a kind of water-vegetable).
99. Jalan Pisang	(i) Huan-a thiong-cheng thau-tiau	...	條頭前塜仔番	(i) & (ii) 'The first street in front of the Malay cemetery.'
...	...	(ii) Ma-lai fan tui-min tai-yat thiu	條一第面對墳拉馬	...
100. Jalan Sultan	Ji-chap-keng	Yi-shap kan	間十二	'Twenty buildings.' The 20 houses referred to were those first put up in that part of Beach Road near Jalan Sultan.)
101. Japan Street	(i) Ma-cho kiong piⁿ	...	邊宮祖媽	(i) 'Beside the ma-cho temple.' (cf. Amoy Street).
...	(ii) Tng-lang leng-au hu hit-tiau	...	條那府事領人唐	(ii) 'The street where the Chinese consul lives.' This name is accurate enough at present but obviously will not be permanent.)
...	(iii) Tit-loh a-ek Kit-leng bio pi	...	邊廟靈吉逸亞落直	(iii) 'Beside the Kling temple in Telok Ayer.'
...	...	(iv) Yat-pun kai	街本日	(iv) 'Japan Street.'
102. Java Road	(i) Peh-thah koi	(i) Pak thap kai	街塔白	(i) 'White Pagoda Street.'
...	(ii) Sio-po phah chioh koi	...	街石打坡小	(ii) & (iii) Stone-breaking street 'small town' or Kampong (Glam).'
...	...	(iii) Kam-pong ta sheh kai	街石打榜金	...
103. Jeddah Street	(i) Sio-po sam-pai-yang teng hang	...	巷亭秧拜三坡小	(i) The lane of the praying pavilion in 'small town.' ('Sam-pai-yang' is the Malay town 'Sembaiang.' The street leads from Beach Road to a mosque. The name illustrates the distinction drawn by Chinese between a Mahomedan place of worship and a temple of their own. (The essence of Mahomedanism is prayer, while Chinese pay more attention to vows and acts of adoration).
...	(ii) Thih pa-sat tui-bin hang	(ii) Thit pa-sat tui-min hong	巷面對虱巴鐵	(ii) 'Lane opposite the iron market.' (cf. Garden Street).
104. Johore Road	Au-be-chhia lo chiong-kun-ia-kiong	Hau-ma-chhe lo che-ong-kwan-ye miu	宮爺軍將路車馬後	'The temple of the idol Chiong-kun' near Victoria Street."
105. Kallang Road	(i) Ka-lang kio	(i) Ka-lang kiu	橋籠加	(i) 'Kallang bridge.'
...	(ii) Ka-lang lut	...	律籠加	(ii) 'Kallang Road.'
...	(iii) Heu-siaⁿ	...	城火	(iii) 'Fire stronghold.' i.e. Gas works.
...	...	(iv) Mui-hai kuk	局氣煤	(iv) 'Coal vapour office.' i.e. Gas works.
106. Kampong Java Road	Ang-mo thiong	Hung-mo fan	塜毛紅	'European Cemetery.'
107. Kampong Martin	Hu-liou lai	Yü-liu	内寮魚	'Within the fishermen's village.'
108. Kampong Malayu	Ong-hu hang	Wong-fu hong	港府王	'Sultan's house lane.' (The late Sultan Ali owned property in this street).
109. Kampong Glam-Beach	Toa-cheⁿ kha	Tai cheng keak	脚井大	'Foot of the big well.' (There used to be an old well in the middle of the road at Sultan Gate).
110. Kengchow Street	(i) Kam-kong ma-lah-kah Sam-pa-yang teng au	...	後亭讓拜三呷𠯿麻公監	(i) 'Behind the praying pavilion in Kampong Malacca.' (A praying pavilion is a mosque, see Jeddah Street).
...	...	(ii) Kam-pong ma-lak-kak lai-thong hau-pin	面對堂拜禮呷𠯿麻榜金	(ii) Behind the Kampong Malacca place of worship.'
...	(iii) Keng-chiu koi	...	街照慶	(iii) 'Keng cheow street' (so-called after the late Tan Keng Cheow).
111. Kerbau Lane	Phau-be po hang	Phau-ma po hong	卷埔馬跑	'Race Course Lane.'
112. Kerbau Road	Phau-be po chhau-chhi	Phau-ma po chho-shi	市草埔馬跑	'Race Course grass-market.'
113. Kerr Street	Kam-kong ma-lak-kah pun-so chhia tui-bin koi	Kam-pong ma-lak-kah lap-sap chhe tui-min kai	街面對車掃糞甲六馬公監	'In Kampong Malacca opposite the scavenging carts.'
114. Killiney Road	Tang-leng pa-sat tui-bin hang	Tang-leng pa-sat tui-nim hong	巷面對虱巴陵索	'Lane opposite Tanglin Market.'
115. Kim Seng Road	Hong hin lo	Fung heng lo	路興豐	'Hong Hin Road.' ('Hong Hin' was the chop of Tan Kim Seng).
116. Kinta Road	Phau-be po hang	Phau-ma po hong	巷埔馬跑	'Race Course lane' (cf. Kerbau Lane).
117. Kling Street	(i) Suaⁿ-a teng / Suaⁿ-kia teng	(i) Shan-tsai teng	頂仔山	(i) 'Small hill top.' (There was formerly more of a bill here than now exists. This has been levelled).
...	(ii) Thih thiau	...	枎鐵	(ii) 'Iron pillars.' (Mr. Haughton says 'Many iron pillars were used in the construction of houses in this street').
118. Krian Street	Chin-seng suaⁿ khau	Chan-seng shan hau	口山成振	'Mouth of Chin Seng's Hill.' (cf. Bernam Street.)
119. Lavender Street	(i) Go-cho toa kong-si	...	司公大槽梧	(i) 'Big Kongsi-house in Rochore.' (This refers to the Kongsi house of an old society, the Thien Ti Huë.')
...	(ii) Chhai-hng lai	...	內園茶	(ii) 'Within the vegetable gardens.'
...	...	(iii) Kwong fuk miu kai	街廟福廣	(iii) ''Kwong Fuk' Temple Street.'
120. Lim Eng Bee Lane	(i) Kong-chioh hi-hng au koi	...	街後園戲石貢	(i) 'Street behind the thratre near Havelock Road.'
...	...	(ii) Pak-khi lun tui-min hei-yun hau kai	街後園戲面對麟麒北	(ii) 'Opposite the Chinese Protectorate the street behind the theatre.' (The theatre is the Wayang Street theatre, and the word used for Chinese Protectorate is the Chinese equivalent of the name of Mr. Pickering, the first Protector of Chinese.)
121. Little Cross Street	Jiau-a phah-thang koi	Yau-wa ta-thung kai	街銅打亞爪 街銅打華休	'Javanese coppersmith's street.'
122. Lorong Teluk	(i) Bih-lang koi	...	篾籠街	(i) & (ii) 'Bamboo-basket street,'
...	...	(ii) Lo-chham kai	街籮篸	...
123. Macao Street	(i) Po-le piⁿ	...	邊黎保	(i) & (ii) 'Beside the Police Courts.'
...	...	(ii) Po-li-sy fong pin	邊傍士璃玻	(This name was given when the old court was in existence on the south side of the road).
...	(iii) Kuaⁿ-chha tiam	...	店材棺	(iii) & (iv) 'Coffin-shop street.'
...	...	(iv) Kwun-chhoi pho kai	街舖材棺	...
124. Mackenzie Road	Tek-kha chui-ti	...	池水竹脚	'The Selegie-Road-district reservoir.' (see under Annamallai Chitty Lane)
125. Magazine Road	Tan-seng-ong koi	Chhan-sheng-wong kai	街王聖陳	'Tan-Seng-ong temple street.' (There is a temple here to Tan Seng Ong the ancestral deity of the Tans).
126. Malabar Street	Hai-lam hue-kuan hang	Hoi-nam wui-kwun hong	巷館會南海	'Hailam Kongsi-house lane.'
127. Malacca Street	(i) Lau pa-sat khau	(i) Kau pa-sat	口虱巴老	(i) 'Old market (mouth).' (The old market is not now in existence, but the present market at Teluk Ayer is often called the 'old market').
...	(ii) Ban-bin koi	Man-heng kai	街興萬	(ii) 'Chop 'Ban Hin' street.'
128. Malay Street	(i) Jit-pun koi	...	街本日	(i) 'Japanese street.'
...	...	(ii) Yat pun chai kai	街寨本日	(ii) 'Japanese brothel street.'
129. Manila Street	Sek-a-ni koi	...	街年伃色	'Eurasian street.' (Several streets in this neighbourhood are called by this name).
130. Market Street	(i) Tiong koi	(i) Chung kai	街中	(i) 'Central Street.' (This refers to the five divisions of the town by the Hokkiens for the purpose of the Chingay procession: there were five Ko-thau). 股頭
...	(ii) Lau pa-sat khau	...	口失巴老	(ii) 'Old market mouth.' (cf. Malacca Street).
131. McCullum Street	Tit lok a-ek bue-tiau koi	...	街條尾逸亞落直	'Last street in Teluk Ayer.' (No definite name has yet been given to this street, but some such expression as this is used).
132 Merbau Road	Kam-kong sai-kong ang-mo phah thih	Kam-pong sai-kong hung-mo thit-chhong	鐵打毛紅貢西公監 廠鐵毛紅貢西榜金	'European foundry at Kampong Saigon' i.e. Howarth Erskine & Co.
133 Merchant Road	(i) Sin koi-a khau	(i) San Kai hau	口仔街新	(i) 'New street mouth.' (New street is Chin Hin street and it opens in to Merchant Road),
...	(ii) Sin koi-a khau hi-hng koi	...	街園戲口仔街新	(ii) 'The theatre street at the mouth of the little new street.'
134 Middle Road	(i) Mang-ku-lu	(i) Mong-kwo-lo	路菓芒	(i) 'Bencoolen.' (see under Bencoolen Street).
...	(ii) Sio-po ang-mo phah-thih	...	鐵打毛紅坡小	(ii) 'Small-town European iron foundry' (see Beach Road for 'sio-po' there is no European foundry now).
...	(iii) Hai-lam hue-kuan piⁿ	(iii) Hoi-nam wui-kwun pin	邊舘會南海	(iii) 'Beside the Hailam Kongsi-house.'
...	(iv) Sek-a-ni le-pai-tng piⁿ	(iv) Sai-yeung lai-pai-thong pin.	邊堂拜禮年仔色	(iv) 'Beside the Portuguese church.'
...	(v) Mang-ku-lu thih-chhioⁿ piⁿ	(v) Mong-kwo-lo thit-chhong pin	邊廠鐵魯久望	(v) 'Beside the iron-foundry in Bencoolen.'
...	(vi) Mang-ku-lu chhia kuan	...	館車魯久望	(vi) & (vii) 'Jinrikisha depot in 'Bencoolen."
...	...	(vii) Mong-kwo-lo shau-chhe kuk	局車手魯久望	...
135 Minto Road	Lau-chi hang	...	巷只栳	'Betel-nut lane.'
136 Mohamed Ali Lane	Toa-mang-lai hang-a lai	Tai-mun noi hong-tsai	內仔巷內門大	'Lane off Club Street.'
137 Mosque Street	(i) Kit-lin hio piⁿ	(i) Kat-leng miu pin	邊廟靈吉	(i) 'Beside the Kling's temple.
...	(ii) Ha-san choi ang-mo oh-au	...	後學毛紅街山海	(ii) & (iii) 'Behind the Europen school in uppen Cross Street.'
...	...	(iii) Hoi-shan kai hung-mo shü-kwun hau-pin	後舘書毛紅街山海	...
138 Muar Road	(i) Muaⁿ lut	...	律麻	(i) 'Muar Road' (phonetic).
...	(ii) Kit-ling-a le-pai-tng cheng	(ii) Kat-leng lai-pai-thong min chhin	前堂拜禮仔靈吉	(ii) 'In front of the Kling church'. (The 'Kling Church' is the church of 'Our
...	...	...	...	Lady of Lourdes', largely attended by Tamil Christians).
139 Nagapa Lane	Tek-kha tng-tiam tui-bin te-ji-tiau	Chuk-keuk tongpho tui-min tai-yi-thu	街柏松	'Second (road) opposite the Selegie Road pawnshop.'
140 Nankin Street	Siong-Pek koi	Chhung-phak kai	廟蘭金	'Siong Pek' (kongsi) street.'
141 Narcis Street	Kim-lan bio	Kam-lan miu	條二第面對店當脚竹	'Golden lily temple.'
142 Neil Road	(i) Gu-chhia-chui Kia	...	崎水車牛	(i) 'Steep (part of) Kreta Ayer.'
...	...	(ii) Ngau-chhe-shui pin ma-ta-liu chek sheung	上直寮打馬邊水車牛	(ii) 'Near Kreta Ayer, straight up past the Police station.'
143 New Bridge Road	(i) Sin pa-sat ma-ta-chhu cheng	(i) San pa-sat ma-ta-liu chhin	前厝打馬虱巴新	(i) 'In front of the New Market police station.'
...	(ii) Gu-chhia-chui	(ii) Ngau-chhe-shui	水車牛	(ii) 'Kreta Ayer.'
...	...	(iii) Yi-ma-lo	路馬二	(iii) 'Second horse (carriage) road.'
144 New Market Road	(i) Kam-kong ma-lak-kah sin pa-sat koi	(i) Kam-pong ma-lak-kak san pa-sat kai	街虱巴新呷𠯿麻公監	(i) 'New market street in Kampong Malacca.'
...	(ii) Chhau-chhi	...	市草	(ii) 'Grass-market.'
...	...	...	...	(This only refers to that part of the road which runs up to the People's Park.)
145 Niven Road	Ji-ong suaⁿ-kha	Yi-wong shan keuk	脚山王二	'Foot of second Governor's hill.' (Formerly Government Hill was Fort Canning and the Chinese still speak of Fort Canning by that name. The present Government Hill is called 'second Governor hill' to prevent confusion. 'Second Governor' is the idiom in Colonial Secretary.)
146 Noordin Lane	...	Lo Lam kai	街琳羅	'Lo Lam's Street.' (I am told that one Lo Lam owns property here, but the Hokkien pronunciation ('Lo-Lim') sounds very like 'Noordin' in disguise.)
147. North Boat Quay	(i) Kek-sng cheng	...	前霜格	(i) 'In front of the ice-factory.'
...	(ii) Ong-ke suaⁿ kha au	(ii) Wong-ka shan-keuk hau-pin	後脚山家王	(ii) 'Behind the (road along the) foot of Fort Canning.'
...	(iii) Chin-heng toa chhu	(iiii) Chan-heng tai ok	厝大興振	(iii) 'Chin Heng' big house. ('Chin Heng' is the chop of Seah Liang Seah. This refers to the part lower down the river).
...	(iv) Tiau-kio thau bi-kau	...	郊米頭橋吊	(iv) 'Suspension-bridge rice-stores.'
148. North Bridge Road	(i) Chui-sien mng	...	門仙水	(i) 'Water-fairy gate.' (See under Bain Court).
...	(ii) Sio-po hue-chhia lo	...	路車火坡小	(ii) 'Small town tramway.' (See Beach Road.)
...	(iii) Lo-ma pano-jiang toa be-chhia lo	...	路車馬大讓班媽羅	(iii) 'Rumah Panjang big horse-carriage road.' (cf. Fish Court.)
...	...	(iv) Kam-pong taik ma lo	路馬大榜金	(iv) 'Kampong (Glam) big horse-(carriage) road.'
149. North Canal Road	(i) Kau-a kiⁿ	...	墘仔溝	(i) 'Beside the little drain.' (The drain down the centre of the road-way was filled up some years ago.)
...	...	(ii) Tan-pin kai	街邊單	(ii) 'One-side street.' (There are houses on one side only cf. Upper Macao Street.)
150. Omar Road	Kam-kong mak-la-kah Sam-pai-gang teng hang	...	巷亭秧拜三呷𠯿麻公監	'Kampong Malacca praying-temple lane.' ('Sam pai yang' is the Malay 'Sěmbaiang' and a praying-temple is a mosque.)
151. Ophir Road	Kit-ling le-pai-tng cheng chiang-kun iapiⁿ	...	邊爺軍將前堂拜禮靈吉	'In front of the Kling church beside Johore Road.' (See under Muar Road and Johore Road.)
152. Orchard Road	Tang leng pa-sat koi	Tang-leng	街虱巴陵東	'Tanglin market street.' (As a matter of fact 'Tang leng' is the most one gets from a Chinaman, unless he is pressed).
153 Ord Road	(i) Ong-ke suaⁿ-kha thih-chhioⁿ	...	廠鐵脚山家王	('Iron foundry at foot of Fort Canning.'
...	...	(ii) Na-lei thih-chhong	廠鐵利那	(ii) 'Riley (Hargreaves') iron foundry.' ('Na-lei' has to do duty in Cantonese for 'Riley.')
154 Outram Road	(i) Si-pai po	(i) Si-pai po	埔排施	(i) 'Sepoy plain.' (The Sepoy lines and Police Station and parade ground are at one end of Outram Road.)
...	(ii) Si-kha teng	...	亭脚四	(ii) 'Four-footed pavilion.' (There is a pavilion in the Cemetery adjoining this road, known by this name.)
155 Padang Alley	Ong-hu khut-than hung	Wong-fu kwat-than hong	頭巷掘府王	'The cul-de-sac (near) the Sultan's house.' (See under Kampong Malayu.)
156 Pagoda Street	(i) Kit-ling-a le-pai au	...	後堂拜禮仔靈吉	(i) 'Behind the Kling place of worship.'
...	(ii) Kit-ling bio au	...	後廟靈吉	(ii) 'Behind the Kling temple.'
...	...	(iii) Kat leng miu pin kai	街邊廟靈吉	(iii) 'Street beside the Kling temple.' (The Kling temple is a Mohamedan Kling mosque).
157 Pahang Street	Ong-hu hang	Wong-fu hong	巷府王	'Sultan's house lane.' (See under Kampong Malayu).
158 Palembang Road	Peh thah koi au koi	Pak thap kai hau kai	街後街塔白	'The street behind 'White Pagoda' Street.' (See Java Road.)
159 Park Road	(i) Chhau-chhi	(i) Chho-shi	市草	(i) 'Grass-market.'
...	...	(ii) Chan-chü shan keuk	脚山珠珍	(ii) 'Foot of Pearl's Hill.'
160 Paterson Road	(i) Tang-leng ma-ta-chhu au	...	後厝打馬陵東	(i) & (ii) 'Behind Tanglin Police Station."
...	...	(ii) Tang-leng ma-ta-liu hau pin kai	街便後寮打馬陵登	...
161 Pearl's Hill Road	Chin-chu suaⁿ	Chan chü shan	山珍珠	'Pearl Hill.'
162 Pekin Street	I-sioⁿ koi	Yi-seung kai	街箱衣	'Clothing-box street.' (There are a large number of box-makers in this street.)
163 Phillip Street	(i) Lau-ia-keng khau	...	口宮爺老	(i) 'Mouth of the Idol's Temple.'
...	...	(ii) Ma-miu kai	街廟孖	(ii) 'Double temple street.' (Two temples are enclosed in one outer wall.)
164 Prinsep Street	Mang-ku-lu sau-lo koi	Mong-kwo-lo so-lokai	街路掃魯久望	'Scavenging street in the Bencoolen district.' (There are Scavengers' carts kept at the corner of Prinsep Street).
165. Pulo Saigon	(i) Thai-tu-long khau	...	口廊猪刣	'Slaughter-pig-depot mouth,' i.e. near the Abattoirs.
...	...	(ii) Thong-chü fong	房猪屠	Slaughter-pig compartment.' (It would be necessary to add something like Kampong Malacca or Kampong
...	...	...	...	Saigon to avoid confusion with the Jalan Besar Abattoirs.)
166. Queen Street	(i) Sek-a-ni koi Sek-kiaⁿ-ni koi	...	街年仔色	(i) 'Eurasian (serani) Street.' (Part of Queen Street will be included in 'Mang ku lu' see Bencoolen Street, and part again shares in the names of other streets.)
...	...	(ii) Lam sam tai u k kai	街屋大三林	(ii) 'Lim Sam's big house street.'
167. Raffles Place	Tho-kha hue-hng	Tho-fu fa-yün (pin)	邊園花庫士	'The flower garden by the godowns.' (See Commercial Square.)
168. Ramah Street	Toa-mng lai	Tai-mun noi chau-tim kak-lei	內門大 離隔店酒內門大	'Inside the big gate next to the spirit-shop.' (cf. Club Street: the spirit-shop is the present 'Hotel Trieste.')
169. Rangoon Road	Naⁿ-tau hang	...	巷兜籃	'Naⁿ-tau lane.' ('Naⁿ-tau' is the name of a plant with prickly leaves which grows here. Douglas Dictionary says it is the 'pandanus' or 'screwpine.')
170. Raub Street	Chin-seng suaⁿ khau	Chan-seng shan hau	口山成振	'Mouth of Chin Seng's hill.' (See Bernam Street)
171 Read Street	Ong-ke suaⁿ kha thih-cheioⁿ piⁿ	Wong-ka shan keuk thit-chhong pin	邊廠鐵脚山家王	'Beside the iron foundry at the foot of Fort Canning hill.' (The iron foundry is Riley Hargreives &
...	...	...	...	Co's Workshop. For the expression translated by 'Fort Canning hill' see Hill Street.
172 River Valley Road	(i) Ong-ke suaⁿ kha	(i) Wong-ka shan keuk	脚山家王	(i) 'Foot of Fort Canning hill.' (cf. Hill Street.)
...	(ii) Leng-thau cheⁿ	...	井頭龍	(ii) 'Dragon's head fountain.' (There used to be a fountain at the end or this street with a Dragon's head fof a spout.)
173 Roberts Lane	Phau-be po hang	Phau-ma po hong	巷坡馬跑	'Race Course lane' (see Belilios Road).
174 Robinson Road	Heng-liong koi	Heng-lung kai	街隆興	''Heng-long' Street.' (Chop Heng-long belonging to Lok yu, the well-known towkay, is in this street.)
...	...	Lo-man-san kai	街申民羅	'Robinson Street.' ('Lo-man-sen' is 'Robinson,' and the name which has been used to my knowledge, is quite Chinese in sound at any rate. I do not however guarantee the name as being intelligible to the ordinary Cantonese-speaking Chinaman. To interpret 'Robinson' Road clear to him, would require I feel quite sure, a very long rigmarole.)
175 Rochore Canal Road	(i) Mang-ku-lu kang-a kiⁿ	...	墘仔港魯久望	(i) & (ii) 'Beside the canal in the Bencoolen District.'
...	...	(ii) Mong-kwo-lo chhung-pin	邊涌路菓芒	...
176 Rochore Road	(i) Go-cho lut	(i) Lo-cho kai	街律槽梧	(i) This is phonetic, but commonly used. (The character only suits the Hokkien name, for in Cantonese it is sounded 'ng', 'lut' is simply 'road' from Chinese lips.)
...	(ii) Lo-ma pan-jiang	...	讓班媽羅	'Rumah panjang.' (The name is really applicable to a District more than one street; cf. Fish Court and North Bridge Road.)
177 Sago Lane	Ho-ban-niⁿ au koi	Ho-man-nin hau-pin kai	街後年萬賀	'The street behind 'Ho-man-nin.' ('Ho-man-nin' is the chop of a well known Chinese singing-hall in Sago Street.)
178 Sago Street	Gu-chhia-chui hi-hng-koi cheng koi	Ngau-chhe-shui hei-yün chhiu kai	街前園戲水車牛	'The street in front of the theatre (street) in Kreta Ayer.'
179 Samban Street	A-bit-no hang	...	巷奴蜜亞	'Habib Nor lane.' (Habib Nor was an Arab, now deceased: the street is so named because a 'Kramat' exists there which is dedicated to him.)
180 Scott's Road	Tang-leng ma-ta-chhu tui-bin	Tang-leng ma-ta-liu tui-min	面對厝打馬陵東	'Opposite Orchard Road Police Station.'
181 Selegie Road	(i) Tek-kha	...	脚竹	(i) 'Foot of the bamboos.'
...	(ii) Tek-kha tit-koi	...	街直脚竹	(ii) 'Foot of the bamboos, Straight Street.'
...	(iii) Tek-kha tng-tiam hit-tiau	...	條那店當脚竹	(ii) 'Street of the foot of the bamboos pawnshop.' ('Tek Kha' is the name for a large district. There are no bamboos visible now.)
182 Seok Wee Road	Siok-iu suaⁿ teng	...	頂山位叔	'Seok Wee's plantation.' (See under Chin Swee Road.)
183 Serangoon Road	Au-kang	Hau-kong	港後	'Back creek.'
184 Shaikh Madarsah Lane	Ku ba-li	Kau-ma-li	厘峇舊	'Old Bali.' (See under Bali Lane.)
185 Short Street	Tek-kha so-si-tek hang	...	巷竹施蘇脚竹	'So-si-tek lane in Tek Kha.' (So-si-tek' is 'short' in Chinese guise: and Tek Kha means the Selegie Road district. There is no proper name for this street in Chinese.)
186 Smith Street	(i) Gu chhia chui hi-hng poi	Ngau-chhe-shui hei-yün kai	街園戲水車牛	'Theatre street in Kreta Ayer.'
187 Solomon Street	Kam-kong ma-lak-kah bue-tiau koi	...	街條尾呷𠯿麻公監	'End street in Kampong Malacca.'
188 Sophia Road	(i) Ji-ong suaⁿ kha ti tek-kha khi	...	起脚竹自脚山王二	(i) & (ii) 'Foot of Second Governor's hill going up from 'Tek Kha.'
...	...	(ii) Yi-wong shan-keuk yau chuk-tsai keuk hui	去脚仔竹由脚山王二	('Tek Kha' is the name of the Selegie Road neighbourhood.)
189 South Bridge Road	Gu-chhia chui toa be-chhia lo	(i) Ngau-chhe-shui tai ma-lo	路馬大水車牛	(i) 'The big horse (carriage) road in Kreta Ayer.'
...	(ii) Chhat-bok koi	(ii) chhat-muk kai	街木漆	(ii) 'Paint-wood street' i.e. 'Painter's street.' (This refers to the part between the Police Court and the river.
190 South Canal Road	Po-le au kang-a kiⁿ	Po-le hau	墘仔港後黎保	'Behind the Central Police Station beside the canal.' (cf. North Canal Road and Macao Street.)
191 Spring Street	...	Fan-tsai mei ma-ta-liu pin	邊寮打馬尾寨番	'End of the foreign brothels beside the Police Station.' (cf. Banda Street.)
192 Stamford Road	(i) Lau-chui kheⁿ	...	坑水流	'Flowing-water ditch.' (This appears to refer to the Stamford Road canal, which is notorious for being so often practically stagnant.)
...	...	(ii) Pun-kei fau-hai pho	舖鞋番記本	(ii) ''Pun Ki' foreign shoe shop' (There is an old established Chinese shoe-makers' shop chop 'Pun ki' near the Bishop's House.)
193 Stanley Street	(i) Ma-cho kiong hi-tai au	...	後檯戲宮祖媽	(i) & (ii) 'Behind the Ma-cho temple theatrical stage.' (cf. Amoy Street.)
...	...	(ii) Kun-yam miu hei-thoi hau	後檯戲廟音觀	(i) 'Blacksmith's streets in 'small town.'' (For 'Sio-po' see Beach Road).
194 Sultan Gate	(i) Sio-po phah thih koi	(i) Siu-po ta-thit kai	街鐵打坡小	(ii) 'Palace mouth.' (cf Kampong Malayu.
...	(ii) Ong hu khau	...	口府王	Coppersmith's street.
195 Sultan Road	Phah-tang koi	Ta-thang kai	街銅打	'Steam mill street.' (So called after the steam rice mill in
196 Sumbawa Road	Hue-long koi	Fo-long kai	街廊火	Beach Road, which is not far off).
197 Sungei Road	Tek-kha ma-ta-chhu tui-bin gu-long piⁿ koi	Chuk-tsai mata-liu tui-min ngau lan pin kai	街邊廊牛面對厝打馬脚竹	'The street beside the cattlepens opposite the Tek kha Police Station.' (Sungei Road starts almost opposite Kandang Kerbau Police station for 'Tek kha' see Selegie Road).
198 Syed Alwee Road	(i) Sai-ek a-lui koi thai-tu-long piⁿ	...	邊廊猪刣街雷亞逸西	(i) & (ii) 'Syed Alwee street beside the abattoirs.'
...	...	(ii) Thong-chü-fong pin sai a-lui kai	街雷亞西邊猪屠	...
199 Synagogue Street	Po-le-au te-ji tiau koi	Po-le-hau tai-yi thiu kai	街條二第後黎保	'Second street behind the (Central) Police (Station).
200 Tampinis Road	(i) Kam-kong sai-kong khoi-kiⁿ	Kam-pong sai-kong chhung-pin	邊溪貢西公監	(i) 'Beside the creek at Kampong Saigon'
...	(ii) Kam-kong sai-kong phah-thih au	...	後鐵打貢西公監	(ii) 'Behind the iron foundry at Kampong Saigon.' (The iron foundry is Howarth Erskine's.)
201 Tanglin	Toa Tang-leng	Tai Tang-leng	陵東大	'Big Tanglin.' (There is however no 'little Tanglin' that I am aware of.)
203 Tanjong Pagar Road	Tan-jiong pa-kat	Tan-yong pa-kat	葛巴戎丹	(Phonetic.)
203 Tank Road	Ong-ke suaⁿ au	Wong-ka shan hau	後山家王	'Behind Fort Canning hill.' (cf North Boat Quay (ii))
204 Tan Quee Lan Street	Kui-lan hang	Kwai-lan kai	巷蘭桂	'Kui lan Street.'
205 Tan Tye Place	Ong-ke suaⁿ kha thih-long piⁿ thau	Wong-ha shan keuk thih-chhong pin	頭邊廊鐵脚山家王	'Beside the iron foundry at the foot of Fort Canning hill.'
206 Telok Ayer Street	(i) Guan-sun koi	...	街順源	(i) ''Guan Sun' street,' (Guan Sun' is the name of one of the five divisions of Hokkiens who take part in the chingay procession once every three years.)
...	...	(ii) Tai pak kong miu kai	街廟公伯大	(ii) 'Toa-peh-kong temple street.'
207 Teluk Blanga	(i) Sit-lat mng	...	門叻實	(i) 'Singapore gate.'
...	...	(ii) Sai-pak mun	門北西	(ii) 'North-west gate.'
...	...	...	...	(This is apparently what the name means, but it has been suggested to me that 'Sai-pak mun' is simply a Cantonese curruption of sit-lat mng).
208 Teochew Street	(i) Sin koi thau	...	頭街新	(i) 'Head of New Street.' (New Street is Chin Hin street.)
...	...	(ii) Chhiu-chau kai	街州潮	(ii) 'Tiechiu Street.' (The street was at one time largely occupied by Teochew women.)
209 Thomson Road	(i) Ang-kio thau	(i) Hung khiu thau	頭橋紅	(i) 'Head of the Red Bridge.' (The Red bridge is that connecting Thomson Road and Kampong Java Road.)
...	(ii) Miⁿ-kua keng	...	間乾麵	(ii) 'Vermicelli buildings.'
...	(iii) Hai-lam suaⁿ	...	山南海	(iii) 'Hailam hill i.e. 'burying-place.'
...	...	(iv) Pek shan theng	亭山碧	(iv) 'Pek Shan theng (cemetery).'
210 Tong Watt Road	Kong chioh-a chiu-long thau	...	頭廊酒仔石貢	'Head of the Spirit depot (quarter) in Havelock Road district'. (cf Beng Hoon Road.)
211 Tras Street	Cho-su kong khau	Cho-sz kong	口宮師祖	'Mouth of the Cho Su Kong temple.' (cf ___)
212 Tringganu Street	(i) Gu-chhia-chui hueⁿ-koi	...	街橫水車牛	(i) & (ii) The cross street or cross theatre street in Kreta ayer.'
...	...	(ii) Ngau-chhe-shui hei yün wang kai	街橫園戲水車牛	(cf Smith Street, Sago Street.)
213 Upper Chinchew Street	Tau-hu koi	Tau-fu kai	街腐荳	'Bean-curd street.' (See Chinchew street.)
214 Upper Circular Road	Be-chhia koi	Ma-chhe kai	街車馬	'Horse-carrage road.' (So called because there are coachbuilders there.)
215 Upper Cross Street	Hai-san koi	Hoi-san kai	街山海	'Hai-san street.' (So called after the Haisan Kongsi-house which was in the street.)
216 Upper Hokkien Street	Chhiang-thai koi	Chheung thai hai	街泰長	'Chhiang Thai street.' (See under Hokkien Street.)
217 Upper Macao Street	(i) Po-le-piⁿ	...	邊黎保	(i) 'Behind the Police Courts.' ('Po-le' is used either for the present Police Police Courts or in some cases for the site of the old courts where the Central Station stood till it was pulled down a few months ago).
...	...	(ii) Tan pin kai	街邊單	(ii) 'One-side street.' (cf North Canal Road.)
218 Upper Nankin Street	Siong-pek koi	Chhung-phak kai	街栢松	'Siong-pek street.' (See under Nankin Ltreet.)
219 Veerappa Chitty Lane	Tek-kha tng-tiam tui-bin thau-tiau hang	Chuk-tsai-keuk tong-pho tui-min tai-yat thiu hang	巷條可面對店當脚竹	'First lane opposite the Selegie Road pawnshop.' (cf Nagapa Lane.)
220 Victoria Street	(i) Au be-chhia lo	...	路車馬後	(i) 'Back horse-carriage road.' (As distinct from the main street i.e. North Bridge Road.)
...	...	(ii) Kam-pong yi ma-lo	路馬二榜金	(ii) 'The second Horse road in Kampong (Glam.)
221 Wallich Street	Tan-jiong pa-ka seng-ong kang piⁿ	...	邊宮王聖葛巴戎丹	'Beside the Seng Ong temple in Tanjong Pagar.'
222 Waterloo Street	(i) Mang-ku-lu chhai-tng koi	...	街堂菜魯久望	(i) 'The street in 'Bencoolen' where the Vegetarians' Hall is.
...	...	(ii) Kun-yam miu chai-thong	堂齋廟音觀	(ii) 'The Vegetarians' Hall near the temple of the goddess 'Kun Yam' or 'Kwan Im.'
223 Wayang Street	(i) Pek-ki-lin tui-bin hi-hng koi	(i) Pak-khei-lun tui-min hei-yün kai	街園戲面對麟麒北	(i) 'Theatre street opposite the Chinese Protectorate.' (cf Canal Road.)
...	...	(ii) Thung-chai yi-yün kai	街院醫濟同	(ii) 'Thang Chai Hospital street.' 'There is a Chinese Hospital in the street,'
224 Weld Road	Kam-kong ka poh	Kam-pong ka-pok	薄加公監	Kampong Kapor.' (see Dunlop Street.)
225 Wilkie Road	(i) Ji-ong suaⁿ kha ti tek-kha khi	...	起脚竹自脚山王二	(i) & (ii) 'Foot of 2nd Governor's hill going up from Selegie Road.'
...	...	(ii) Yi-wong shan keuk yau chuk-tsai keuk hui	去脚仔竹由脚山王二	(See Sophia Road. This is descriptive more than an actual name. There is no name for the street.)
Bridges,
1. Cavenagh	Hai-Kiⁿ thih tiau-kio	Hoi-pin thit tiu-khiu	橋吊鐵邊海	'Iron suspension bridge by the sea shore.'
2. Coleman	...	Yi-ma-lo khiu	橋路馬二	...
3. Elgin	Thih tiau-kio	Thit tiu-khiu	橋吊鐵	'Iron suspension bridge'
4. Kallang	Ka-lang kio	Ka-lang khiu	橋籠加	'Kallang bridge.'
5. Read	Kam-kong ma-la-kah kio	Kam-pong ma-lak-kak khiu	橋呷𠯿麻公監	'Kampong Malacca bridge.'
6. Thompson Road	Ang Kio	Hung khiu	橋紅	'Red bridge.'
Police Stations.
1. Central	It ho mata chhu	Yat ho ma-ta liu	厝打馬號一	'No. 1 Police house.'
2. Kandang Kerbau	Tek-kha ma-ta chhu	Chuk-tsai keuk ma-ta-liu	厝打馬腳竹	'Selegie Road District Police house.'
3. Kreta Ayer	Gu-chhia-chui ma-ta-chhu	Ngau-chhe-shui ma-ta-liu	厝打馬水車牛	'Water cart Police house.'
4. Marine	Hai-kuan ma-ta chhu	Hoi-kwan ma-ta liu	厝打馬關海	'Sea office Police house.'
5. New Bridge Road	Sin pa-sat ma-ta chhu	San-pak sak ma-ta liu	厝打馬虱巴新	'New market Police house.'
6. Orchard Road	Tang-leng ma-ta chhu	Tang-leng ma-ta liu	厝打馬陵東	'Tanglin Police house.'
7. Rochore	Go-cho ma-ta chhu	Lo-cho ma-ta liu	厝打馬槽⿰木吾	'Rochore Police house.'
8. Sepoy Lines	Si-pai po ma-ta-chhu	Si-pai-lin ma-ta liu	厝打馬埔排施	'Sepoy plain (or 'lines') Police house.'
Government buildings and other public offices.
Chinese Protectorate	(i) Pek-ki-lin	(i) Pak-khei-lun	麟麒北	(i) 'Pickering.' (After Mr. W. A. Pickering, C. M. G., the first Protector of Chinese).
...	(i) Tai-jin ge	...	衙人大	(ii) 'Tai-jin's office.' (Tai-jin, literally 'great man,' is a term of respect for officials, specialised in the Straits for officials of the Chinese Protectorate).
...	...	(iii)Phai Kwun	舘牌	(iii) 'Licence Office.' (This refers mainly to the fact that brothels were licenced under the C. D. O. the name however still survives.)
Colonial Secretary's Office	Ji-ong ge-mng	Yi peng-thau nga-mun	門衙頭兵二	'Second governor's office.'
Court of Requests	(i) Tho-gun po-le	...	黎保銀討	(i) 'Sue for money Court.'
...	...	(ii) Lo-ngau nga-mun	門衙銀囉	(ii) 'Sue for money office.'
Gaol	(i) Kha-khu keng	...	間拘脚	(i) 'Ankle-fetters building.'
...	...	(ii) Kam-fong	房監	(ii) 'Prison-room.'
General Hospital	(i) Ong-ke peⁿ chhu	...	厝病家王	(i) 'Government sick house.'
...	(ii) Lo-kun chuu	...	厝君老	(ii) 'Doctor's house.'
...	...	(iii) Tai yi-yün	院醫大	(iii) 'Great medical hall.'
Government House	(i) Toa-ong chhu	...	厝王大	(i) 'Governor's house.'
...	...	(ii) Tai peng-thau chü ka	家住頭兵大	(ii) 'Governor's private house.'
Land Office	(i) Ga-lan Kuan	...	舘■呀	(i) 'Grant Office.'
...	...	(ii) Tei-shui sz	司稅地	(ii) 'Land tax Official.'
Lunatic Asylum	(i) Siau-lang keng	...	間人狂	(i) 'Mad person's buildings.'
...	...	(ii) Tin-fong	房癲	(ii) 'Mad room.'
Magistracy	Po-le	Po-lei-sz	黎保	'Police (Court).' (It is said that this name was originally given to the Central Station, which formerly stood where the Court now stands.)
Marine Office	(i) Hai kuan	...	關海	(i) 'Sea office.'
...	...	(ii) Shun cheng theng	廳政船	(ii) 'Ship management hall'.
Municipal Office	Kang-po-kek	Kung-po-kuk	局部工	‘Board of works' office.'
Police Office	Toa-kau-thau-e ge-mng	Tai kang-thau nga-mun	門衙之頭狗大	’Chief big dog's office or Chief Inspector's office.' (Pelice officers are apparently all 'dogs', for all those above the rank of Sergeant are called 'big dogs'; the Cantonese use another idiom: 'foreman', the same word as is used in speaking of an overseer or mandore.)
Post Office	(i)Phue kuan	...	舘批	(i) 'Letteroffice.'
...	...	(ii) Tai shü-sun kwun	舘信書大	(ii) 'Big letter-office.'
Singapore Railway Station	Hue-chhia thau	Fo-chhe thau	頭車火	'Fire-carriage head.'
Supreme Court	Toa kok	Tai kot	咯大	'Big Court.' ('Kok' or 'Kot' is not Chinese, but an imitation of 'Court'.)
Tan Tok Seng's Hospital	(i) Nam-seng hue-hng piⁿ	...	邊園花生南	(i) 'Beside Nam Seng flower garden.' (Nam Seng was the chop of the Chinaman known to Europeans in Singapore as as Whampoa, i.e. Mr. Ho ah Kee C. M. G., former owner of the property known as Bendemeer on Serangoon Road.)
...	(ii) Thiaⁿ-kha keng	...	間脚痛	(ii) 'Sore feet (or legs) building.'
...	...	(iii) Lan-keuk kwun	舘脚爛	(iii) 'Broken leg office.'

II. Chinese names of country districts in Singapore Island, and the Vicinity.

English.	Hokkien.	Cantonese.	Chinese Characters.	Remarks as to Meaning.
1. Alexandra Road	(i) Chui-bo lai	...	內磨水	'Within the water (rice) mill.'
...	(ii) Lau-chi kha	...	脚子嗎	'Foot of the sirih' i.e. 'near the Sirih gardens.'
...	(iii) Sang khau tiaⁿ	...	鼎口雙	'Two boiling pans'—the 'tiaⁿ' is the pan used for boiling gambier—the planters in the Alexandra Road district used two pans instead of one. I suppose there was some difference in the preparation of the gambier.
2. Balestier Road	(i) Go-cho toa-peh-kong	...	公伯大槽鵝	'Rochore Temple.'
...	(ii) O-kio	...	橋島	'Black Bridge.'
...	...	(iii) Wu-hap thong	塘葉芋	'Taro pond.'
3. The Barracks (Tanglin)	Tang-leng peng-pang	Tung-leng peng-fong	房兵陵東	'Tanglin Soldier's rooms.'
4. Bedoh	But-lok	...	洛勿	...
5. Blakang Mati	Gia-kang ma-ti	...	池子荖意	...
6. Botanical Gardens	(i) Ang-mo hue-hng	...	園花毛紅	(i) 'European flower-garden.'
...	...	(ii) Wong-ka fa-yün	園花家王	(ii) 'Government flower-garden.'
7. Bukit Timah	Be-chhia lo-bue	...	尾路車馬	'End of the horse-earriage road.'
8. Chancery Lane	Sang-chiau	...	雀雙	'Two birds,' referring to the eagles on the gateway of the drive leading to
...	...	...	...	Mohamed Alsagoff's house at the Thomson Road end of Chancery Lane.
9. Changi	Chiang-gi	...	宜章	...
10. Chua Chu kang	(i) Chua-chu kang	...	港厝蔡	'Chua-chu creek'
...	(ii) Kang-kiaⁿ	...	仔港	'Little creek.'
11. Fort Canning Hill	Ong-ke suaⁿ	Wong-ka shan	山家王	'Government Hill,' as it formerly was.
12. Government Hill	(i) Toa-ong suaⁿ	...	山王大	(i) & (ii) 'Governor's Hill,'
...	...	(ii) Peng-thau shan	山頭兵	...
13. Holland Road	Hue-hng au	...	後園花	'Behind the flower-garden.'
14. Jurong	Yu-long	...	廊油	...
15. Kampong Bharu	(i) Sin kam-kong	San kam-pong	公監新	(i) 'New Kampong.'
...	(ii) Sin suaⁿ	...	山新	(ii) 'New hill or plantation.'
16. Keppel Harbour	Sit-lat mng	Shek-lat mun	門叻寔	'Singapore gate.'
...	...	Chha-tin ma-thau	頭碼甸渣	'Jardine's wharf' i.e. the Borneo wharf.'
17. Kranji	Ka-lan-ji	...	宜蘭加	...
18. Mandi	Man-li	...	唎萬	...
19. Morai	Meng-sun kang	...	港順明	'Meng-sun creek.'
20. Pandan Besar	Toa pan lan	Tai pan-lan	蘭班大	...
21. Pandan kechil	Sio pan lan	Siu pan-lan	蘭班小	...
22. Pasir Panjang	Hong-heng suaⁿ	...	山興豐	'Hong Heng's plantation.'
23. Ponggol	Phong-hut	...	佛帮	...
24. Pulau Brani	...	San chü-shek tui-min	面對錫煮新	'Opposite the new tin smelting.'
...	...	Chha-tin ma-thau tui-min	面對頭碼甸渣	'Opposite Jardine's jetty.'
25. Pulau Obin	Chioh-suaⁿ	...	山石	'Stone hill.'
26. Pulau Tekong	Ti-kong	...	公地	...
27. Selitar	Chan-chu kang	...	港厝會	'Chan-chu creek.'
28. Serangoon	Au-kang	...	港後	'Back creek.'
29. Serimbun	Bu-kho kang	...	港可武	'Bu-kho creek.'
30. Siglap	Ci-lap	...	凹義	...
31. Tanjong Gol	Tanjong gu-thau	...	頭牛戎丹	...
32. Tanjong Katong	Ka-tong	...	冬加	...
33. Tanjong Rhu	(i) Tan-jiong gu	...	牛戎丹	...
...	...	(ii) Sha-tsui	嘴沙	(ii) 'Sand spit.'
34. Teluk Blanga	Sit-lat mng	Sai pak mun	門北西	cf. 'Keppel Harbour':—Sai-pak mun means 'north-west gate.'
35. Thomson Road Reservoir	(i) Chui-tham thau	...	頭氹水	(i) 'Water pond head.'
...	...	(ii) Tai shui thong	塘水大	(ii) 'Big water lake.'
36. Tiong Bharu	O-chhai hing	...	園菜芋	'Taro vegetable garden.'
37. Ulu Pandan	Sang-leng	...	嶺雙	'Two hills.'
38. Wayang Satu	Toa pa-io	...	窰吧大	'Big swamp.' Pa-io is the Malay word 'paya' swamp.
III. Chinese names of Streets and Districts in Malacca
1. Bandar Hilir	Ban-i-bit	Yi-bit	萬怡蜜	...
2. Bandar Kaba	(i) Ban-la ka-ba	...	萬遮加峇	...
...	...	(ii) Khau-chheung kai	球塲街	ii) "Khau" means 'ball' and "chheung" means 'area' or 'open space' and the name is given because the cricket-ground adjoins the street.
3. Blacksmith Street	Kap-pan koi	Kap-pan kai	甲板街	It is not clear why the name “Kap-pan street" should be given unless "Kap-pan-kai" is a corruption of or substitute for "Kap-ma kai" which would mean "box street." There are number of box-makers' shops in the street.
4. Bukit China	Sam-po chiⁿ	Sam-pau cheng	三寶井	'Sampo's wells.' (There are wells at the foot of Bukit China and the name of "Sampo's well" is is given to them, because there is a legend, in which the Chinese believe, that a Eunuch of the Ming Dynasty visited Malacca and dug these wells. Similarly the old Fort is called "Sam-po-kong Siaⁿ, 'the fort of Sam-po,' and there are various other names locally connected with the legend of Sam-po's visit.)
5. Bunga Raya	Bong-ga la-ia	Mong-nga la-ye	望雅嘮耶	...
6. 1st Cross Street	(i) Kit-ling-a koi	(i) Kat-leng kai	吉寧仔街	(i) 'Kling Street." (The chetties and Kling cloth-shop-keepers live at the northern end of the street.)
...	...	(ii) Pat-chi-lan	八枝蘭	(ii) 'Eight mansions.' (Chi-lan is the name of a flower and 'chi-lan chi shat' means according to Eitel "mansion of brightness and virtue," apparently a complimentary expression. The reason why this name was given is lost in obscurity.)
...	(iii) Poh-bian	...	泊𭰫	(iii) This name is given to the part near near the landing-place. It is the Malay 'pabeyan' or 'pebiyan' a 'customs-house' or 'wharf' (see Wilkinson's Malay Dictionary.)
7. 2nd Cross Street	(i) Ku pa-sat	(i) Kau pa-sat	舊巴虱	(i) 'Old market.'
...	(ii) Kiau-keng khau	...	賭問口	(ii) 'Gambling-house mouth.'
8. 3rd Cross Street	Hai san kongsi koi	Hai san kong sz kai	海山公司街	'The Haisan kongsi street.' (The kongsi house of this society once stood in this street)
9. 4th Cross Street	Chui-sien mng	Shui-sin mun	水仙門	'Water-fairy gate.' So called, it is said, because there was once a public bathing place here: cf. north Bridge Road, Singapore. One can only grope at the reason why a public bathing place should be called a "water fairy gate." It is a delightful name anyhow.)
10. Goldsmith Street	(i) Kam-kong ke-tek	...	甘光家德	(i) 'Kampong Ketek.' (This is the Malay name.)
...	(ii) Kuan-im-teng koi	(ii) Kun-yam teng kai	觀音亭街	(ii) 'Street of the goddess Kuan-im's temple.' (This is the common Chinese name for the street derived from the large temple in the street.)
11. Heeren Street	(i) Ho lan koi	Ho-lam kai	荷蘭街	(i) 'Dutch street.' (There were Dutch residences here in the old days.)
...	(ii) Po siah koi	...	寶錫街	(ii) 'Precious metal street.' (This name is not common and I cannot explain the meaning.)
12. Java Lane	(i) Ma-kau koi	...	馬交街	(i) 'Ma-kau street.' (So called because the Cantonese prostitutes live in the street; cf. Hongkong street, Singapore.)
...	(ii) Sin koi	(ii) San kai	新街	(ii) 'New Street.' (It is a remarkable coincidence that Campbell street, Penang, Fraser street, Singapore and Java lane, Malacca,—all streets connected largely with houses of ill fame—are all known to Chinese as 'new street.")
13. Jonker Street	Koi tioⁿ koi	Kai chuen kai	圭場街	(i) Cock-pit street.' (So called because a cockpit 'glangang' used to exist here.)
14. Kampong Pantai	Kam-kong pan-tai	Pan-tai	甘光班底	'Kampong Pantei,' i.e., the village on the shore. (The Chinese have simply adopted the local name. The name is also applied to the adjoining ends of 2nd and 4th Cross streets.)
15. Klebang Besar	Kit-lai-bong but sat	Sai kat-leng-wang	吉黎夢勿殺	(The Hokkiens use transliterations of the Malay name, but the Cantonese translate into 'Big' and 'Little' Klebang.
16. Klebang Kechil	Kit-lai-bong kit-chik	Tai kat-leng-wang	吉黎夢吉疾	...
17. Kubu Road	Ku-bu kak	Ku-wu kai	龜務角	'Kubu corner.' 'Kubu street.'
18. Mill Road	(i) Si-pai po	...	四牌埔	(i) 'Sepoys' plain.' (The sepoys' barracks were formerly in this street.)
...	(ii) Sin pa-sat	(ii) San pa-sat	新巴虱	(ii) 'New market.' (The new Municipal market is close by.)
...	(iii) Sa-kak po	...	三角埔	(iii) 'Three-cornered plain.' (There is a triangular bit of land here used as a vehicle-stand)
19. Riverside	(i) Ho-lan chhiu kha	...	荷蘭樹脚	(i) 'Foot of the Dutch trees.' (The Dutch trees are the 'sena' trees which were probably introduced by Dutch.)
...	...	(ii) Tai-chung kai	大鐘街	(ii) 'Big bell street.' (This refers to the clock tower.)
...	(iii) Pa-sat khau	...	巴虱口	(iii) 'Market-mouth.' (Riverside is a long street and has various names in various parts. This name is given to that part near the fish-market.)
...	(iv) Sin koi au	(iv) San kai hau pin.	新街後	(iv) 'Behind Java Lane.'
20. Trangkerah	Tang koi lak	Tong kai la	東街蚋	...

IV. List of towns and villages in Negri Sembilan.

English.	Chinese.	Characters.	Remarks.
District of Seremban.		...	...
1. Ampangan	Tan-yung	旦容	...
2. Batang Benar	Pa-tang man-long	吧燈文浪	...
3. Batang Labu	Ma-tang la-wu	傌燈嗱鳥	...
4. Binjei	Min-ye	綿爺	...
5. Broga	Wu-leng-ngau	湖靈眼	...
6. Bukit Putus	Bu-kit Phu-tok	武吉浮禿	...
7. Bukit Tangga	Bu-kit tang-nga	武吉東雅	...
8. Bukit Jelotong	Bu-kit yü-lo-tong	武吉魚羅東	...
9. Chedang	Chin-tang	珍燈	...
10. Gadut	Kwa-tu	瓜都	...
11. Gebok	Ngai-mok	蟻莫	...
12. Gedang Lalang	Su-mau piang	蘇茅坪	...
13. Klambu	Ka-lam-bu	架林武	...
14. Kuala Sawah	Kwa la sa-wa	掛嗱沙華	...
15. Kuala Parit	Kwa-la ma-ngit	掛嗱馬熱	...
16. Lenggeng	Song-po	宋波	...
17. Liat	Fo-che thau	火車頭	...
18. Limbok	Lian-mok	連莫	...
19. Linsum	Leng-sam	羚森	...
20. Lobak	Lo-mak	羅脉	...
21. Mantin	San sa-tu	新沙都	...
22. Membah	Man-ma	萬峇	...
23. Merabah	Mit-ya-ma	物也峇	...
24. Nendol	Mit-tu	蜜都	...
25. Pantai	Pan-tei	板低	...
26. Paroi	Pa-mi	傌尾	...
27. Pengkalan Kempas	Leng-gi kong-hau	鄰宜港口	...
28. Perhentian Tinggi	Ship-thiu shak	十條石	...
29. Permatang Pasir	Pa-ma-tang pa-sia	巴嗎燈巴賒	...
30. Rahang	Thin-khau mi	田溝尾	...
31. Rantau	An-tau	晏斗	...
32. Rasak	Ah-sa	亞沙	...
33. Senaweng	Lok thiu shak	六條石	...
34. Seremban	(i) Sai-lam-ban	西林閩	...
...	(ii) Fu-yong	芙蓉	...
35. Setul	Lo-sa-tu	老沙都	...
36. Sikamat	Sio kam-mit	小甘蜜	...
37. Siliau	Sai-liau	西料	...
38. Sungei Pajam	Kong sang san-kai-cheong	廣生新街場	...
30. Sungei Raia	Sin-kai la-ya	新街嗱也	...
40. Tampin Ling-gi	Tam-pin leng-gi	淡邊鄰宜	...
41. Tanjong Ipoh	Tan-yong I-po	丹蓉億波	...
42. Temiang	Chan-yong-thau	沉香肚	...
43. Terachi	Ti-la-chi	地嗱知	...
44. Ulu Bernang	Bu-lau	武盧	...
District of Kwala Pileh.		...	...
1. Batang Jelai	Pa-tang ya-nai	巴登也乃	...
2. Batu Bersawa	Pa-tu bet-sa-wa	巴都勿沙華	...
3. Belombong	Man-long-wong	文隆黃	...
4. Beting	Mit-ting	蜜丁	...
5. Bukit Limpit	Tai-pak-kong san	大伯公山	...
6. Johol	Yu-ho	由河	...
7. Juaseh	Yen-ah-sia	源亞賒	...
8. Junapoh	Yu-ma-po	由麻坡	...
9. Kumoi	Ku-moi	咕每	...
10. Kwala Gautam	Kwa-la ngan-tam	掛嗱眼擔	...
11. Kwala Jempol	Kwa-la cham-bu	掛嗱占武	...
12. Kwala Pilah	Pei-la	吡嗱	...
13. Langkah	Lang-kap	浪鴿	...
14. Pasoh	Pa-sia	吧賒	...
15. Plangai	Bu-lo-ngai	武羅蟻	...
16. Prigi Jerneh	Pi-lei-ngi	吡哩宜	...
17. Rengo	Leng-ngo	羚莪	...
18. Rompin	Lam-pin	林邊	...
19. Saki	Sa-ki	沙幾	...
20. Selaroo	Sa-la-lo	沙嗱羅	...
21. Senalin	Chin-chi-len	陳致連	...
22. Serting	Si-lo teng	四羅丁	...
23. Tebing Tinggi	Thung-pin teng-ngi	同邊丁宜	...
21. Terentang	Ti-lan-tang	地蘭登	...
25. Ulu Jelai	Wu-lu ya-nai	鳥路也乃	...
26. Ulu Muar	Wulu cham-ma	鳥路占馬	...
District of Tampin.		...	...
1. Ayer Kuning	Ah-ek ku-lin	亞益咕連	...
2. Batang Malaka	Pa-tang ma-lak-kah	把登嗎𠯿呷	...
3. Bongek	Mong-yit	望熱	...
4. Chenong	Chin-long	賤籠	...
5. Chindras	Chin-ya-la	賤也嗱	...
6. Gemencheh	Nga-man-che	雅文姐	...
7. Jeram	Yit-lam	熱林	...
8. Kampong Batu	Kam-pong Pa-tu	金榜把都	...
9. Kendong	Kan-tung	根洞	...
10. Keru	Ka-lu	加路	...
11. Kuala Gemas	Kua-la kam-bu	掛嗱禁武	...
12. Kundor	Kin-chung	見鐘	...
13. Linggi	Lin-ngi	鄰宜	...
14. Lobok China	Lo-mok chin-na	羅莫賤嗱	...
15. Makunyit	Ma-ku-yit	嗎古熱	...
16. Mantai	Man-thai	文梯	...
17. Pedas	Mun-ta	門咑	...
18. Pengkalan Durian	Peng-ka-lan lo-lin	兵架蘭老連	...
19. Prigi Terentang	Pi-la ti-lan-tang	吡嗱地蘭登	...
20. Rembau	Lam-mau	林茂	...
21. Repah	Lam-pa	林把	...
22. Salak Aamah	Sa-lat lo-pak	沙叻羅白	...
23. Sompang Linggi	Seng-pang lin-ngi	性邦鄰宜	...
24. Tampin	Tam-pin	淡邊	...
25. Tebong	To-bong	多黃	...
26. Tanjong Kling	Tan-yong kat-leng	丹蓉吉寧	...
District of Port Dickson.		...	...
1. Arang Arang	Ah-lang ah-lang	亞冷亞冷	...
2. Bagan Pinang	Ma-ngan mi-neng	嗎銀味寧	...
3. Chuah	Chho-nga	初雅	...
4. Jimah	Ye-mok	夜莫	...
5, Kwala Lukut	Chi-wo kong-hau	致和港口	...
6. Labuan Belik	La-pan mi-leh	嗱班咪叻	...
7. Lukut	Lu-kwat	路骨	...
8. Pasir Panjang	Pu-sia pan-yeng	把賒板影	...
9. Port Dickson	Po-tak-sun	波德伸	...
...	Pu-lo a-lang	布羅亞冷	...
10. Pulau Babi	Pu-lo ma-mi	布羅馬味	...
11. Pulau Bajudi	Bu-lo bu-chi-ti	無羅武致支	...
12. Semdayan..	Chin-ta-yin	賤打煙	...
13. Sempang	Si-pong	四邦	...
14. Siginting	Si-ngan-teng	四銀丁	...
15. Si Rusa	Si lo-sa	四路沙	...
16. Tanah Merah	Chi-wo kong	致和港	...
17. Tanjong Cemok	Tan-yong ye-mok	丹蓉夜莫	...
18. Telok Kemong	To-lo kam-pong	哆羅金邦	...
District of Jelebu.		...	...
1. Gunong Hantu	Khu-tung an-tu	古洞晏都	...
2. Jelebu	Ngi-lok-wu	宜𠯿胡	...
3. Jerang	Yi-lang	魚冷	...
4. Kenaboi	Kha-la-moi	咖嗱美	...
5. Kongoi	Kong-ngo	江莪	...
6. Kwala Klawang	Hung-mo-lau	紅毛樓	...
7. Peradong	Pa-tung	吧洞	...
8. Pertang	Bu-lo-tang	武羅燈	...
9. Semada	Seng kah lo-nga	星架麗雅	...
10. Sungei Kepong	Chim-ma-la	占馬嗱	...
11. Titi	Ti-chi kong	地支港	...
12. Titi Petalling	Ti-chi ku-ta-lin	地支古打鄰	...

V. Chinese names of places in Pahang.

English.	Hokkien.	Cantonese.	Chinese Characters.	Remarks as to Meaning.
1. Atok	A-tok	A-tuk	亞篤	...
2. Batu Talam	Ba-tu ta-lam	Ma-to ta-lam	峇都藍打	...
3. Batu Yon	Ha-tu yan	Wa-to yin	華都燕	...
4. Bentong	Bun-tong	Man-tung	文冬	Also known as "Wun-tong."
5. Budu	Kwu-lu	Wu-lu	湖盧	...
6. Bukit Fraser	Peh-chhiu kang	Pak-su kong	白鬚港	'White beard's mining land' (so called after Mr. Fraser the original proprietor of the concession now worked by the Sempam Mining Company. Mr. Fraser had a long white beard).
7. Bukit itam	Bu-kit i-tam	...	武吉逸淡	The Hokkiens use the Malay name, but the Cantonese call this place as well as Bukit Koman 'Shim-pan' or 'Shim-pan kim wo' the Sempam underground mine. The Sempam river makes a loop in the direction of these places, though it is about two miles off at the nearest point.
...	...	Shim-pan	暹板	...
8. Bukit Koman	Bu-kit ko-ban	...	武吉高閩	...
...	...	Shim-pan	暹板	(See under Bukit Itam above.)
9. Bukit Telagu	Jih-si tiu	Ya-sz pei	廿四碑	'Twenty four stones' i.e. 24 miles from Kwala Kubu on the old bridle path. It is 29 miles distant by the new trunk road.
10. Burau	Mo-lai or Po-lai	Po-lai	布瓈	...
11 Chamang	Sam-meng	Sham-mang	岑孟	...
12 Cheka	Chek-kau	Chek-ko	卽高	...
13 Durian Sa batang	Liu-lian si-ba-tang	Lau-lin sz-ma-tang	流連四答登	...
14 Gali	Ga-li	Nga-lei	牙利	...
15 The Gap	Jih-it tiau	...	廿一條	'Twenty one mile stones' i.e., from Kwala Kubu.
...	...	Fan shui au	分水凹	The Cantonese name means.
16 Goa	Go	Ngo	鵝	...
17 Kechau	Kit-chhiu	Kat-chhau	吉洲	...
18 Kelola	Kia-lo-la.	Kei-lo-la	寄羅鐳	The character for the third syllable is 'lui' not 'la'.
19 Kuala Lipis	Lip-pi	Lip-pei	立卑	...
20 Kuala Medang	Kua-la mian-teng	Kua-la min-teng	哇拉免丁	...
21 Kuala Tembeling	Kua-la tan-bi-ling	Kua-la tün-pok-lin	哇拉叚卜連	The characters do not represent the Hokkien sounds.
22 Kuantan	Kuan-tan	Kwan-tan	關丹	...
23 Panggong	Mang-kang	Phang-kong	崩江	...
24 Pedah	Mun-ta	Man-ta	問打	...
25 Pekan	Peh-kan	Pak-kan	北根	...
26 Perting	Po-li-teng	Po-lei-teng	波匣頂	The name refers to the district where the Perting River joins the Bentong River and especially to the mine owned by the Tong Shun Kongsi.
27 Pulau Tawar	Phu-lo ta-koa	Fu-lo ta-wa	湖盧打哇	...
28 Raub	Lah-ut	Lah-wut	朥活	...
29 Sega	Su-ga	Sz-nga	士牙	...
30 Selensing	Su-leng-seng	Sz-ling-seng	士零星	...
31 Semantan	Su-mian-tan	Sz-man-tan	士免丹	Semantan Ulu though a different place is similarly named.
32 Sempam	Sim-pan	Shim-pan	蟾賓	The Chinese name is used for all that part of the district on the Sempam river between the lower part of Mr. Fraser's concession and the point where it flows into the River Semantan Ulu.
33 Sepan	Chioh-pan	Shak-pan	石班	...
34 Sungei Lembing	Lim-beng	Lam-meng	林明	...
35 Tanjong Besar	Tan-yong	Tan-yung mut-sat	丹容抹殺	...
36 Tanom	Tan-lim	Tan-lam	丹林	...
37 Tebing Tinggi	Ti-peng	Tei-peng	地冰	...
38 Telang	Tok-leng	Tuk-lung	獨龍	...
39 Tembeling	Tan-bi-ling	Tün-puk-lin	叚卜連	The characters do not represent the Hokkien sounds.
40 Tranum	Bun-tong-khau	Man-tung hau	文冬口	'Bentong mouth.'
41 Tras	To-lai	To-lai	都孻	...
42 Tui	Tui	Tui	堆	The character in Cantonese is pronounced 'thui'.
43 Ulu Dong	Long	Lung	隆	...
44 Ulu Jelai	O-lo jit-lai	Wu-lo yat-lai	湖盧日黎	...
45 Ulu Tembeling	O-lo tan-bi-ling	Wu-lo tün-puk-lin	湖盧叚卜連	See under Tembeling above,

VI Chinese names of places in Perak.

English.	Chinese.	Characters.	Remarks.
Bagan Serai	Ma-ngan sek-hoi	馬登色海	The name is phonetic. The Tiechius call it 'Ma-tang sek-hai.'
Batu Gajah	Wa-tu nga-ye	華都呀爺	...
Bidor	Mi-lo	美羅	...
Chemor	Chü-mo	朱毛	...
Chenderiang	Chek-ngo-yeng	積莪營	...
Enggor	Leng-lo	玲羅	...
Gopeng	Mo-pin	毛邊	...
Guntong	Sz-wui-kai	四會街	i.e. the street or place where people from the Sz-wui district of the Kwangtung province live. Similarly Macao is called O-mun kai; and I have heard Taipeng called Thai-peng kai by new arrivals.
Ipoh	Pa-lo	埧羅	This is the name by which the Kheh and Cantonese Chinese have always called Ipoh. Mr. W. D. Barnes informs me
...	...	...	that formerly there were two Kampongs, one called Ipoh and the other Paloh. In Wilkinson's Dictionary Paloh is given as meaning "a hollow filled with stagnant water" while 'Ipoh' means 'upas-tree'. The Europeans and Hokkien Chinese called the town which was subsequently built, Ipoh, while to the Cantonese and Khehs the place became known as Pa-lo.
Kampar	Kam-po	金寶	...
Kampong Kepayang	Kam-pong Pan-yang	金榜班映	...
Kamunting	San-kong-mun	新港門	i.e. New district. This name was given by the Chinese to Kamunting because mines were opened there later than near Taipeng. Kamunting is about 3 miles from Taipeng.
Kinta	Tai-phek-lik	大吡叻	i.e. Big Perak, as distinct from Larut which is Siu-phek-lik or little Perak. The Tiechius call it Toa-pe-lak.
Kota	Ku-ta	古打	...
Kota Bahru	Ku-ta ma-lu	古打馬路	...
Krian	Ko-yin	高煙	This name is also applied to Nibong Tebal in Province Wellesley.
Kuala Kangsa	Phu-lo kong-sau	浮勞江秀	...
Kuala Dipang	Mi-phang	美棚	...
Kurau	Ku-lau	古樓	...
Lahat	Na-hat	拿乞	...
Larut	Siu-phek-lik	小吡叻	The Tiechius call it 'Sio-pe-lak', and this is more nearly the sound of the characters.
Matang	Ma-tang	馬豋	...
Padang Rengas	Siu-san	燒山	Burning hill, because lime stone used to be burnt here for lime.
Papan	Kap-pan	甲板	...
Parit Buntar	Ko-yin	高煙	Ko-yin is simply Krian; another name is sin-ba-lai meaning the new 'balai' or Police Station, in distinction to that at Nibong Tebal over the border.
Polai	Po-lai	賴	...
Pusing	Pu-sing	布星	...
Salak	Sha-lak	沙叻	...
Selama	Sü-lam-ma	絲南孖	...
Selibin	Süt-li-ping	雪厚冰	...
Siputeh	Pu-tei	步地	...
Slim	Su-lam	上林	...
Sungei Raia	Sung-kai la-ye	雙溝罅爺	...
Sungei Siput (near Kuala Kangsar)	Wo Fung kai-cheung	和豐街場	'Wo Fung' was a big mining kongsi here: Kai-cheung means 'town' or more literally 'street-area.'
Sungei Siput (near Kampar)	Shek-san-keuk	石山脚	'The foot of the (lime)stone hill.' The mines are at the foot of a limestone cliff.
Sungkai	Süng-khai	宋溪	...
Taipeng	Thai-peng	太平	Also Phek-lik-tsai.
Tembun	Tam-mun	淡問	...
Tanjong Malim	Phu-lo on-nam	浮勞安南	Phonetic, probably from some Malay name. (? Pulau Anam.)
Tanjong Rambutan	Hung-mo tan	紅毛丹	This is usual Chinese for the Rambutan fruit. Hung-mo or ang-mo red-haired, so the Chinaman has been happy in his choice of of a name for this fruit.
Tapah	Ta-pa	打巴	...
Tekka Menglembu	Man-li-mong	萬里望	...
Teluk Anson	Sz-ma-tang	司馬登	This is the Chinese version of Sa'batang. The old port was Durian Sa'batang 3 miles from the present town, the Chinese however still use the old name. I have heard An-sun used on a few occasions.
Temoh	Luk-chi-pei	六枝碑	i.e. Six mile-stones, because Temoh is six miles from Kampar on the road to Tapah.
Tronoh	Tun-lok	端洛	...

VII. Chinese names of places in Selangor.

English.	Chinese.	Characters.	Remarks.
Ampang	Om-pang	暗邦	The village between the 3rd and 4th milestones on the Kuala Lumpur Ampang road is Punkong, i.e., 'the half way mines,' or, 'the mines half-way between Ampang and Kuala Lumpur.'
Bangi	Man-yi	萬宜	The Hokkiens call it Ban-gi.
Batang Benar	Pat-tang mei-na	八登尾拿	...
Batu	Wa-tu	華都	...
Batu Tiga	Sam thiu shek	三條石	i.e. three (mile)-stones, because Batu Tiga is 3 miles from Damansara, where sam-pans discharged cargo in pre-railroad days.
Beranang	Fu-lu-ngan	芙蘆奀	This name is also applied indiscriminately to some other places in the same district, e.g., Blau and Broga. It is apparently phonetic.
Bukit Raja	Mu-kit La-yo	毛結罅爺	...
Cheras	Chui-Lai	蕉賴	...
Gombak	Ngo-mak	鵝墨	...
Jeram	Yi-lam	宜冧	...
Jugra	Chho-ka-la	粗加罅	...
Kajang	Ka-yeng	架影	...
Kanching	Kan-ching	間征	...
Kapor	Ka-pa	加吧	...
Kelumpang	Lung-pong	龍邦	...
Kepong	Kap-tung	甲洞	...
Kerling	Kat-lin	吉粦	...
Klang	Pa-sang	吧生	Because the Malays give the name 'Pasang' to part of the town of Klang.
Kuala Kubu	(i) Kwu-mo	古毛	...
...	(ii) Sz-Nga-Ngok	師牙岳	i.e. Selangor in Cantonese guise. Kuala Kubu is the principal town in Ulu Selangor, and the Chinese have
...	...	...	adopted the name of the district, and dropped the 'Ulu.'
Kuala Langat	Nga-ngat kong-hau	牙兀港口	i.e. the mouth of the 'Nga-ngat river.' Nga-ngat=Langat obviously.
Kuala Lumpor	Kat-lung-po	吉隆坡	I have also often heard kai-(or ka-) lam-po.
Kuala Selangor	Sek-a-ngo kang-khau	昔仔午港口	These are Hokkien sounds, representing 'mouth of the river Selangor.'
Kuang	Kuang	轟	...
Kuchai	Ku-tsai	古仔	...
Kuyau	Ko-yu	高腰	...
Padang Jawa	Pat-tang chiau-a	八登爪亞	...
Pantai	Pan-tai	板底	...
Parit Tengah	Pa-lit Teng-a	吧列丁亞	...
Pasir Panambang	Pa-sa Pan-lam-pang	吧沙板冧崩	...
Pasir Panjang	Pa-sa Pan-yeng	吧沙板影	...
Pĕtaling	Ku-ta-lin	古打粦	...
Port Swettenham	Pa-sang kong-hau	吧生港口	See Klang 'Kong-hau' means 'river mouth.'
Pudoh	Pun-shan pa	半山吧	i.e. half (way to the jungle.
Pulau Ketam	Po-lau kit-tam	布流結泵	...
Rasa	Lak-sü	叻恩	(in Hokkien) Rasa is in Ulu Selangor, and this part of Selangor was proved by the be the census to be the 'Hokkien' part of the State—so the Chinese name of the place was a Hokkien name.
Rawang	Man-lau	橈萬	This may be for 'Bandar': part of Rawang is known as Bandar Bharu.
Salak (South)	Ku-ta-lin Sa-lak	古打粦沙歴	...
Selangor	Sz-nga-ngok	師牙岳	Most commonly by residents outside the State called 'Kit-lang' (Klang)
...	Sut-lang-ngo	雪蘭鵝	...
...	Kit-lang	吉冷	...
Sẽmunyih	Sz-wai-yik	四圍益	This is the recognised written name. It means "lucky all round.' The colloquial is 'Sz-man-yik.'
Sĕpang	Chi-wo kong	致和港	'Kong' is a river, and 'Chi wo' is the chop of a gambier and pepper Kongsi, the largest in that district.
Serdang	Sa-tang	沙戥	...
Sĕrendah	Seung-man-tan	雙文丹	Sometimes called 'Sz-man-tan. The river at this place is called Sungei Semantan.
Sětapah	Man-lung-kong	文龍港	I have not been able to ascertain the explanation of this name. It may have some connection with the name of a small river there called 'Sungei Bilong.'
Simpah	San-pa	新吧	...
Sungei Ayer Itam	Sung-koi A-yi yi-tam	朱溪亞耶意泵	...
Sungei Besi	San-kai-cheung	新街塲	i.e. New town, Kai=street, cheung=open space—so that Kai cheung appears to mean 'street area' and so 'town.' It is not the usual form of expression. Sungei Besi got this name, because the locality of the town was changed some years ago.
Sungei Buloh	Sung-khoi Phu-lo	宋溪蒲蘆	...
Sungei Dayong	Sung-khoi Na-yung	嵩溝拿容	...
Sungei Puteh	Sung-khoi Phu-thai	宋蟻菩提	...
Sungei Tempaian	Sung-khoi Tam-pa-yeng	宋溝担霸影	...
Sungei Way	Sung-khoi Wai	雙溝威	...
Tanjong Karang	Tan-yeung ka-lang	丹洋架冷	...
Tanjong Malim	Fu-lo On-nam or Phu-lo On-nam	芙蘆安南 郭蘆安南	This sounds like an adaptation of a Malay name meaning 'sex Islands'. But there is no authority for that, and it is not unlikely that it is a Chinees attempt at 'Ulu Bernam.'
Ulu Klang	Tham kong	淡江	i.e. Dull-mine—Dull in the sense of not prosperous. The miners here met with little luck. But more probably another explanation is correct, viz. that the water of the river at Ulu Klang was much used for drinking purposes, 'tham' here meaning 'fresh.'
Ulu Langat	Nga-ngatshan	牙兀山	'Shan' practically corresponds to 'Ulu'—up-country.
Ulu Selangor	U-lau Süt-lang-ngo	烏咾雪蘭莪	See under Kuala Kubu.
Ulu Yam	Wa-tu- a-yam	華都亞音	There is said to be a rock (batu) which serves as a landmark.

VIII. Chinese names of places most of which have commercial or other connections with the Straits Settlements.

English.	Hokkien.	Cantonese.	Character.
Acheen	A-che	Che-fau	亞齊
America[1]	Bi-kok	Mei-kwok	美國
...	Hue-ki-kok	Fa-khei-kwok	花旗國
Amoy	E-mag	Ha-mun	廈門
...	E-mui	...	廈門
Annam	An-nam	On-nam	安南
Australia[2]	Sin-kim-suaⁿ	San-kam-shan.	新金山
Austria	O-kok	O-kwok	奧國
Bangkok[3]	Bong-kok	Mang-kok	網咯
...	Siam-kiaⁿ	...	暹京
Batavia[4]	Ka-la-pa	Ka-la-pa	加朥巴
...	Ba-tau-i	...	目投夷
Batu Pahat	Ba-tu Pa-hat	Ma-tu-pa-hat	峇楮吧轄
Bombay	Bong-bai	Mang-mei	望眉
Borneo	Bo-nioⁿ	Mu-neung	慕娘
Calcutta	Beng-ka-la	Mang-ka-la	孟加朥
...	...	Ka-lei-kat-ta	加剌吉打
Canton[5]	Kng-tang	Kwong-tung	廣東
...	Seⁿ-siaⁿ (Tiechiu)	Shang-sheng	省城
Cheribon	Cheⁿ-li-bun	Cheng-lei-man	井里汶
Chifu (or Chefoo)[6]	Ian-tai	Yin-thoi	烟台
China	Tong-kok	Chung-kwok	中國
...	Tng-suaⁿ	Thong-shan	唐山
Christmas Island[7]	Ka-su ma-su	...	嘉士嗎嶼
...	...	Shek-tsai-fau	石仔埠
Cocob	Ku-kok	Ku-kok	龜咯
Colombo	Ko-long-bo	Ko-long-mo	高浪霧
Corea	Kau-li-kok	Ko-lai kwok	高麗國
...	Ko-le kok	...	...
Cuba	Ko-pa	Ku-pa	古吧
Deli	Jit-li	Yat-lei	日裡
...	Jin-li	...	...
Dindings[8]	Pang-kok	Pong-kok	邦咯
Edie	I-li	Yi-lei	怡里
England	Eng-kok	Ying-kwok	英國
Foochow	Hok-chiu	Fuk-chau	福州
Formosa[9]	Tai-wan	Thoi-wan	台灣
France	Ho-lan-se	Fat-lan-sai	法蘭西
...	Huap kok	Fat-kwok	法國
Germany	Tek-kok	Tak-kwok	德國
Haiphong	Hai-pong	Hoi-fong	海防
Hoihow	Hai-khau	Hoi-hau	海口
Holland	Ho-lan	Ho-lan	荷蘭
Hong Kong	Hiang-kong	Heung-kong	香港
India[10]	In-to	Yan-to	印度
...	Kit-ling-a tso ke (Colloquial Tiechiu)	...	吉寧仔祖家
Italy	I-tai-li	Yi-tai-lei	意大利
Japan	Jit-pun	Yat-pun	日本
Jelebu	Jia-li-bu	Ya-lei-mu	惹裡務
Johor[11]	Yu-hut	Yau-fat	柔佛
...	Sin-suaⁿ	San-shan	新山
...	Ja-ga (Tiechiu)	...	惹呀
Karimon	Ka-li-mun	Ka-lei-mun	家里汶
Kedah	Kit-ta	Kai-ta	吉打
Kelantan	Kit-lan-tan	Kat-lan-tan	吉蘭丹
Kopah	Ko-pa	Ko-pa	高吧
Labuan	La-buan	La-mun	納閩
Langkat	Lang-kat	Lang-kat	籠葛
Langkawi	Phu-lo kau-ui	...	浮羅交夷
Lingga	Leng-ge	Lung-nga	龍冴
Malacca	Muaⁿ lak-kah	Ma-lak-kak	麻𠯿呷
Macao[12]	O-mng	O-mun	澳門
...	...	O-mun-kai	澳門街
Macassar	Mang-ka-siah	Mang-ka-sat	望加錫
Manila	Sio-lu-song	Siu-lui-sung	小呂宋
Medan[13]	Sa-wan	Sha-wan	沙灣
Mergui[14]	Tan-lau	...	丹荖
...	...	Tai-lau	大栳
Moulmein	Ma-tang-lien	...	峇淡棉
...	...	Mu-lu-min	毛勞棉
Muar	Muaⁿ-po	Mo-fau	蔴埠
Muntok	Bun-to	Man-to	文島
Negri Sembilan[15]	...	Kau-chau-fu	舊州府
Olehleh[16]	A-che	Che-fau	亞齊
Padang	Toa-pa-tang	Tai-pa-tang	大吧冬
Pahang	Pang-bang	Pang-hang	彭亨
Pakhoi	Pek-hai	Pak-hoi	北海
Pangkor	Pang-kok	Pong-kok	邦咯
Palembang[17]	Ku-kang	Kau-kong	巨港
Pekin	Pak-kiaⁿ	Pak-keng	北京
Penang[18]	Pin-nng-su	Pun-long-yü	檳榔嶼
...	...	Pei-nang	𠳓能
...	...	San-fau	新埠
Perah	Peh-lak	Phek-lek	吡叻
Perlis[19]	Ka-yang	Ka-yang	加央
Pontianak	Khun-tian	Khwan-tin	坤甸
Pulo Bĕrandan[20]	...	Fo-shui shan	火水山
...	But-lan-tan	...	勿輦輦
Rangoon	Liang-kong	Yeung-kwong	仰光
...	Ang-kong	On-kung	晏光
Renong	Lin-long	...	粦廊
Rhio	Liau-lai	Liu-noi	廖内
Russia	Go-lo-su	Ngo-lo-sz	俄羅斯
Saigon	Sai-kong	Sai-kung	西貢
Samarang	Sam-pa-lang	Sam-pa-lang	三吧壟
Sandakan	Sin-ngia-kan San-ta-kan Siang-hia kang	San-ta-kan	山打根
Sandwich I'ds[21]	Toaⁿ Hiong Suaⁿ	Than Heung shan	檀香山
San Francisco[22]	Ku kim-Suaⁿ	Kau kam-shan	舊金山
Sarawak	Su-la-wak	Sa-la-wak	砂朥越
Selangor	Kit-lang	Kat-lang	吉隆
...	Sit-lang-ngo	Su-lang-ngok	寔蘭莪
Serapong	Sa-li-pong	Sa-la-pong	...
Shanghai	Siang-hai	Sheung-hoi	上海
Siam	Siam-lo, Siam-ti	Chhim-1o	暹羅
Singkep	Sin-kip	San-kap	新汲
Situl	Si-tüt	Si-to	寔突
Sourabaya	Su-li-ba	Sz-shui	泗水
...	Si-li-buat	Siet-lei-fa	泗里末
Spain[23]	Toa-lu-song	Tai-lui-sung	大呂宋
Swatow	Suaⁿ-than	Shan-thau	汕頭
Sungei Ujong	Hu-jiong	Fu-yong	芙蓉
Tavoy	Tho-a	Tho-nga	土瓦
Tebing Tinggi	Chiok-be teng-ngi	Shek-ma teng-yi	石馬丁宜
Tokio[24]	Tang-kia	Tung-keng	東京
Tongkah	Kong-ka	Hung-ka	通扣
...	...	Kham-ka	禽卡
Tang[25]	Tang li	...	董裡
...	...	Wu-chiu-tang	糊椒等
Trengganu	Teng-ka-no	Teng-nga-nu	丁加奴
Wei-hai-wei[26]	Ui-hai-ui	Wai-hoi-wai	威海衞
Yokohama[27]	Hueⁿ-pin	Wang-pan	橫濱

 

---

 

Chinese Names of Streets in Singapore and Malacca, together with a list of names of the most important places in the F. M. S.

Some years ago the late Mr H. T. Haughton of the Straits Settlements Civil Service compiled a list of the native names, Chinese and Tamil, of some of the most important streets in Singapore.

Since this list was published, Singapore has grown and streets have multiplied, so that Mr. Haughton's list, useful as far as it goes, is somewhat out of date.

I have in the previous pages endeavoured to bring it up to date, as far as the Chinese names are concerned. To do this satisfactorily, is impossible. Exact names for many streets do not exist. In this respect Singapore differs from Penang, where new streets are fewer and more easily identified. It is characteristic of the Chinese that in a matter of this kind, accuracy is the last thing that strikes them as essential. If you ask a Chinaman—or better still a Chinese woman—newly arrived and resident in Singapore, where he lives, the invariable answer will be "Singapore." A second query will perhaps elicit information as to the district of the town or island, but it will take many questions before the actual address can be ascertained, though it might have been given directly, if the person questioned had thought that it was of any importance.

The Chinese have a happy-go-lucky way of using one expression to describe any one of perhaps a dozen streets. Any Chinaman living at the town-end of Bukit Timah Road, in Albert Street, Selegie Road, near Kandang Kerbau Police Station, Short Street, or in any of the numerous lanes in that neighbourhood will, if asked where he lives, reply "Tek Kah" (i. e. Foot of the bamboos), and unless cross-examined would not volunteer any further information, though the answer might mean any one of a dozen streets.

The more important thoroughfares have recognised names known to Chinese of all classes. There are. however, a number of new and smaller streets, and it appears to me that it is important that these should be easily identified. Especially is it important that official interpreters should have a through knowledge of the names, English and Chinese, for all the streets in the town, a matter in which, in my experience, many Government interpreters are lamentably ignorant.

As already remarked, in many cases there are no Chinese names for streets. Tanjong Pagar and Kampong Kapor districts are full of new roads and streets, nameless at present to the Chinese, and defying identification. The houses are new and often not occupied by Chinese, but Singapore is a Chinese town and any one who has watched its growth will realise that in all likelihood these new roads will be busy throughfares before many years are past, and sooner or later no doubt the Chinese will find names for them. Now it seems a pity that street-names should be multiplied unsystematically in Chinese as well as in English, and I should like to see the Municipality step in and take the mater in hand. Suggestions need not be made here as to what plan should be pursued, but there are several alternative methods, and I think something ought to be done.

I should state that infallibility cannot be claimed for this list. Various informants have given contradictory information. However such as it is, it may, I hope, prove useful to any European with a knowledge of Chinese and to any Chinaman with a knowledge of English.

I have added the names for some of the more important bridges, police stations and public buildings, and where I have been able to ascertain them, the names of the country roads and districts. Here I found it very difficult to obtain exact information, most of what is given having been kindly furnished by Mr. Langham-Carter of the Land Office.

Following will be found a list some of the places with which Singapore has connections, commercial or otherwise. This includes the names of European States and, at the other extreme, local coast ports.

Mr. E. A. Gardiner of the Straits Police kindly sent me a list of the names of streets in Malacca, with some interesting notes by Mr. Go Lai Kui, the Government Interpreter there.

And through the courtesy of various officers of the Federated Malay States Civil Service, I have been furnished with the Chinese equivalents for the names of the most important places in the States.

Mr. A. M. Pountney contributed Selangor.

Mr. W. Cowan sent the Perak names, with notes by Mr. W. D. Barnes.

For Pahang I am indebted to the District Officers at Raub and Kuala Lipis.

The Negri Sembilan names were supplied through Mr. Ridges.

I was unable to obtain Chinese names for up-country Kampongs in Malacca—there are none apparently—and the Chinese population is comparatively thin there.

Penang and Province Wellesley have already been dealt with in the admirable notes of Mr. Lo Man Yuk.

Finally I must express my thanks to Messrs. Ho Siak Kuan and Leung Pui Kam of the Chinese Protectorate in Singapore and Penang respectively, for their assistance in filling in the Chinese characters for the names.

Penang, March, 1904.

1. Hue-ki-koh means 'flowery flag country.'
2. Sin-kia-suaⁿ means 'New gold fields' as distinct from California.
3. Siam-kiaⁿ means 'Capital of Siam.'
4. Ka-la-pa may be for the Malay word 'Kelapa,' coconut.
5. Se-sia means 'provincial capital'—This is the expression invariably used by Tiechius—while Cantonese use the equivalent 'Shang Sheng.' In the same way 'hu-sia' will be used by the people of a prefecture to denote their prefectural city.
6. 'Smoky fort.' Yin Thoi' is really the name of the foreign concession' on the opposite side of the harbour to the Chinese town of Chi-fau 芝罘 and the name given to the site of the foreign concession has ousted the real name of the place.
7. 'Shok-tsai-fau' means 'Little stone port', alluding to the phosphate work.
8. 'Pang-kok' is Pangkor, the island and village at the mouth of the Dindings river.
9. 'Tai-wan' is the Chinese name, meaning 'Terraced bay.'
10. 'Kit-ling-a tsou-ke' means 'Klings' home': it is of course only colloquial.
11. 'Sin-sua' means 'New hills' or 'New country,' distinguishing ohor, I suppose, from Singapore.
12. 'O-mun' is the Chinese name for the place known to Europeans as Macao.
13. Medan is known to Chinese as 'Sawan' meaning 'Sand bay.'
14. 'Tan-lau' means 'Red Sirih.' I have not been able to ascertain the reason for this name.
15. 'Kau-chau-fu' is only a translation of Negri Sembilan. The name 'Fu Yung' i.e. (Sungei) Ujong is usually given to Negri Sembilan and all that part of the Peninsula.
16. This is 'Atjeh', the Dutch name of Acheen, in Chinese form.
17. 'Ku-kang' means 'great river.'
18. 'San-fan' means 'New town:—Penang was later known to Cantonese, than Singapore.
19. 'Ka-yang' is apparently the Malay 'Ka-jang.' I know no explanation of the name.
20. Kerosine-oil hills.
21. 'Sandalwood hills'.
22. 'Old gold diggings' as distinct from Australia.
23. Toa-lu-song 'means 'Big Luzon', as distinct from Manila which is called 'Small Luzon.'
24. 'Eastern capital.'
25. 'Wu-chiu tang' means 'Pepper Thang.'
26. 'Strong sea protection.'
27. 'Cross shore.'