Latin for beginners (1911)/Appendix III

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APPENDIX III

REVIEWS[1]

I. REVIEW OF VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR THROUGH LESSON VIII

Lesson IX

502. Give the English of the following words:[2]

Nouns

agricola
ancilla
aqua
casa
causa
cēna

corōna

dea
domina
fābula
fera
fīlia
fortūna

fuga

gallīna
iniūria
īnsula
lūna
nauta
pecūnia

puella

pugna
sagitta
silva
terra
tuba
via

victōria

Adjectives

alta

bona

clāra

grāta

lāta

longa

magna

mala

nova

parva

pulchra

sōla

Verbs

amat

dat

est

habitat

labōrat

laudat

nārrat

necat

nūntiat

parat

portat

pugnat

sunt

vocat

Prepositions Pronouns Adverbs Conjunctions Interrogative
Particle

ā or ab
ad
cum

ē or ex

in

mea
tua
quis
cuius
cui
quem

quid

cūr
deinde
nōn

ubi

et
quia

quod

-ne

503. Give the Latin of the following words:[3]

Underline the words you do not remember. Do not look up a single word till you have gone through the entire list. Then drill on the words you have underlined.

flight
story
new
lives (verb)
away from
who
why
forest
wreath
deep, high
dinner
famous

cottage

battle (noun)

trumpet
lady, mistress
whom
island

wide
tells
money
calls
with

your

then, in the
next place

daughter
to whom
fortune
out from

labors (verb)

gives
small
in
and
sailor
farmer

goddess

wild beast

praises (verb)

alone
pleasing
prepares
are
to
because
arrow
my
kills
girl

fights (verb)

carries
chicken
victory
land

what
way
bad
loves
pretty
water
great
is

announces

injury, wrong

where
not
good
maid
down from
long
cause
whose

503.

Give the Latin of the following words:[4]

Underline the words you do not remember. Do not look up a single word till you have gone through the entire list. Then drill on the words you have underlined.

flight
story
new
lives (verb)
away from
who
why
forest
wreath
deep, high
dinner
famous
cottage battle (noun)
trumpet
lady, mistress
whom

island

wide
tells
money
calls
with
your then, in the
next place

daughter
to whom
fortune
out from
labors (verb)
gives
small
in
and
sailor

farmer

goddess
wild beast
praises (verb)
alone
pleasing
prepares
are
to
because
arrow
my
kills
girl
fights (verb)
carries
chicken
victory

land

what
way
bad
loves
pretty
water
great
is
announces injury, wrong
where
not
good
maid
down from
long
cause

whose

504. Review Questions. How many syllables has a Latin word? How are words divided into syllables? What is the ultima? the penult? the antepenult? When is a syllable short? When is a syllable long? What is the law of Latin accent? Define the subject of a sentence; the predicate; the object; the copula. What is inflection? declension? conjugation? What is the ending of the verb in the third person singular, and what in the plural? What does the form of a noun show? Name the Latin cases. What case is used for the subject? the direct object? the possessor? What relation is expressed by the dative case? Give the rule for the indirect object. How are questions answered in Latin? What is a predicate adjective? an attributive adjective? What is meant by agreement? Give the rule for the agreement of the adjective. What are the three relations expressed by the ablative? What can you say of the position of the possessive pronoun? the modifying genitive? the adjective? What is the base? What is grammatical gender? What is the rule for gender in the first declension? What are the general principles of Latin word order? 505. Fill out the following summary of the first declension:

The First or Ā-Declension 1. Ending in the nominative singular
2. Rule for gender
3. Case terminations

a. Singular

b. Plural
4. Irregular nouns
<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#lesson_IX">Go on to Lesson IX
<a name = "review_II"> II. REVIEW OF LESSONS IX-XVII

506. Give the English of the following words:

Nouns of the First Declension

agrī cultūra
cōnstantia

cōpia
dīligentia

fāma
fēmina

galea
inopia

lacrima
lōrīca

patria
praeda

Nouns of the Second Declension

ager
amīcus
arma (plural)
auxilium
bellum
carrus

castrum

cibus
cōnsilium
domicilium
dominus
equus
fīlius

fluvius

frūmentum
gladius
lēgātus
līberī
magister
mūrus

numerus

oppidānus
oppidum
pīlum
populus
praemium
proelium

puer

scūtum
servus
studium
tēlum
vīcus

vir

Adjectives of the First and Second Declensons

aeger, aegra, aegrum
alius, alia, aliud
alter, altera, alterum
armātus, -a, -um
crēber, crēbra, crēbrum
dūrus, -a, -um
fīnitimus, -a, -um
īnfīrmus, -a, -um
legiōnārius, -a, -um
līber, lībera, līberum
mātūrus, -a, -um
meus, -a, -um
miser, misera, miserum

multus, -a, -um

neuter, neutra, neutrum
noster, nostra, nostrum
alter, altera, alterum
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum
sōlus, -a, -um
suus, -a, -um
fīnitimus, -a, -um
tuus, -a, -um
ūllus, -a, -um
ūnus, -a, -um
uter, utra, utrum
validus, -a, -um

vester, vestra, vestrum

Verbs Demonstrative
Pronoun
Adverbs

arat
cūrat
dēsīderat
mātūrat

properat

is, ea, id

Conjunctions

an
-que
sed

iam
quō

saepe

Preposition apud

507. Give the Latin of the following words:

sword
corselet

man

your (plural)

hasten
but
among
tear (noun)
village
strong
long for
and (enclitic)
often
want (noun)
which (of two)
care for

or (in a question)

whither
wagon
townsman
wretched
ripe

war
number
my
free (adj.)
children
wall
grain
weapon
one
plow (verb)
this or that
already
helmet
river
zeal
any
he
son

slave

your (singular)

she
woman
horse

shield (noun)
whole
it
aid (noun)
legionary
weak

arms

master
(of school)

friend
neighboring
sick
lieutenant
field
report, rumor
abode
boy
his own
alone
prize (noun)

master (owner)

carefulness
plenty
troops

plan (noun)
people
beautiful
no (adj.)
our
battle
spear
food
steadiness
fatherland
town
fort

camp

neither (of two)

much
agriculture
other

the other (of two)

hard
booty
frequent
armed

508. Review Questions. How many declensions are there? What three things must be known about a noun before it can be declined? What three cases of neuter nouns are always alike, and in what do they end in the plural? What two plural cases are always alike? When is the vocative singular not like the nominative? What is a predicate noun? With what does it agree? What is an appositive? Give the rule for the agreement of an appositive. How can we tell whether a noun in -er is declined like puer or like ager? Decline bonus, līber, pulcher. How can we tell whether an adjective in -er is declined like līber or like pulcher? Why must we say nauta bonus and not nauta bona? Name the Latin possessive pronouns. How are they declined? With what does the possessive pronoun agree? When do we use tuus and when vester? Why is suus called a reflexive possessive? What is the non-reflexive possessive of the third person? When are possessives omitted? What four uses of the ablative case are covered by the relations expressed in English by with? Give an illustration in Latin of the ablative of manner; of the ablative of cause; of the ablative of means; of the ablative of accompaniment. What ablative regularly has cum? What ablative sometimes has cum? What uses of the ablative never have cum? Name the nine pronominal adjectives, with their meanings. Decline alius, nūllus. Decline is. What does is mean as a demonstrative adjective or pronoun? What other important use has it?

509. Fill out the following summary of the second declension:

The Second or

O-Declension
1. Endings in the nominative
2. Rule for gender
3. Case terminations of nouns in -us

a. Singular

b. Plural
a. The vocative singular of nouns in -us
4. Case terminations of nouns in -um

a. Singular

b. Plural
5. Peculiarities of nouns in -er and -ir
6. Peculiarities of nouns in -ius and -ium

<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#lesson_XVIII">Go on to Lesson

XVIII
<a name = "review_III"> III. REVIEW OF LESSONS XVIII-XXVI

510. Give the English of the following words:

Nouns of the First Declension

disciplīna

fōrma

poena

potentia

rēgīna

superbia

trīstitia
Nouns of the Second Declension
lūdus ōrnāmentum sacrum socius verbum
Adjectives of the First and Second Declensions

amīcus
antīquus

fīnitimus

grātus
idōneus

inimīcus

interfectus
īrātus

laetus

molestus
perpetuus

proximus

septem

superbus

Adverbs Conjunctions Personal Pronoun

hodiē
ibi

maximē

mox
nunc

nūper

etiam

nōn sōlum ... sed etiam

ego

Verbs
CONJ. I CONJ. II CONJ. III CONJ. IV

volō, -āre


IRREGULAR VERB
sum, esse

dēleō, -ēre
doceō, -ēre
faveō, -ēre
habeō, -ēre
iubeō, -ēre
moneō, -ēre
moveō, -ēre
noceō, -ēre
pāreō, -ēre
persuādeō, -ēre
sedeō, -ēre
studeō, -ēre

videō, -ēre

agō, -ere
capiō, -ere
crēdō, -ere
dīcō, -ere
dūcō, -ere
faciō, -ere
fugiō, -ere
iaciō, -ere
mittō, -ere
rapiō, -ere
regō, -ere

resistō, -ere

audiō, -īre
mūniō, -īre
reperiō, -īre

veniō, -īre

511. Give the Latin of the following words. In the case of verbs always give the first form and the present infinitive.

ancient
come
resist
see
be
fly
I
proud
word
sadness
find
rule (verb)

be eager for

not only ...
but also

seven
ally, companion
pride
fortify
send
sit
also
school
hear
hurl
persuade
only

nearest
sacred rite
queen
flee
obey
lately
constant
ornament
power
make, do
injure
now
annoying

lead

move
soon
glad
punishment
believe

advise

especially,
most of all

angry
beauty
say
command (verb)
there
slain

training
take
have
to-day
unfriendly
drive
favor (verb)
suitable
pleasing
teach
neighboring
destroy
friendly

seize

512. Review Questions. What is conjugation? Name two important differences between conjugation in Latin and in English. What is tense? What is mood? What are the Latin moods? When do we use the indicative mood? Name the six tenses of the indicative. What are personal endings? Name those you have had. Inflect sum in the three tenses you have learned. How many regular conjugations are there? How are they distinguished? How is the present stem found? What tenses are formed from the present stem? What is the tense sign of the imperfect? What is the meaning of the imperfect? What is the tense sign of the future in the first two conjugations? in the last two? Before what letters is a final long vowel of the stem shortened? What are the three possible translations of a present, as of pugnō? Inflect arō, sedeō, mittō, faciō, and veniō, in the present, imperfect, and future active. What forms of -iō verbs of the third conjugation are like audiō? what like regō? Give the rule for the dative with adjectives. Name the special intransitive verbs that govern the dative. What does the imperative mood express? How is the present active imperative formed in the singular? in the plural? What three verbs have a shortened present active imperative? Give the present active imperative of portō, dēleō, agō, faciō, mūniō.

<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#lesson_XXVII">Go on to Lesson

XXVII
<a name = "review_IV"> IV. REVIEW OF LESSONS XXVII-XXXVI

513. Give the English of the following words:

Nouns of the First Declension
āla cūra mora porta prōvincia vīta
Nouns of the Second Declension

animus

aurum

bracchium

deus

locus

mōnstrum

nāvigium

ōrāculum

perīculum

ventus

vīnum

Adjectives of the First and Second Declensions

adversus
attentus

cārus

commōtus
dēfessus

dexter

dubius
maximus

perfidus

plēnus
saevus

sinister

Adverbs

anteā
celeriter

dēnique

diū
frūstrā

graviter

ita
longē

semper

subitō
tamen

tum

Conjunctions
autem ubi
Prepositions
per prō sine
Verbs
CONJ. I CONJ. II

adpropinquō
nāvigō
occupō
postulō

recūsō
reportō
servō
stō

superō
temptō
vāstō
vulnerō

contineō
egeō
prohibeō
respondeō
teneō

CONJ. III IRREGULAR VERB
discēdō gerō interficiō absum

514. Translate the following words. Give the genitive and the gender of the nouns and the principal parts of the verbs.

be away
wind
through
if
savage
wound (verb)
wine
delay
faithless
right
seize
quickly

before, in behalf of

battle

down from or concerning

moreover
greatest
oracle
danger
lay waste
gate
doubtful

opposite, adverse

demand
finally
attentive

then, at that time

weary

overcome,
conquer

boat, ship
sail (verb)
life
save
full
refuse
heavily
monster
approach
nevertheless
place

be without,
lack

moved
gold

restrain, keep from

without
hold
suddenly
dear
always
god

hold in, keep

afar

thus, so,
as follows

arm (noun)
when
in vain
stand

bring back, win
before,
previously
depart,
go away

province
care, trouble
kill

reply (verb)

wing
mind, heart
left (adj.)
bear, carry on
try

for a long time

515. Give the principal parts and meaning of the following verbs:

sum

teneō
iubeō
agō
mittō
mūniō

moveō
crēdō
rapiō
reperiō
dēleō
resistō
audiō

moneō
capiō
doceō
regō
faveō
noceō
dīcō

pāreō
dūcō
faciō
persuādeō
sedeō
studeō
fugiō

veniō
iaciō
videō
absum
egeō
gerō
stō

516.

Review Questions. What are the personal endings in the passive voice? What is the letter -r sometimes called? What are the distinguishing vowels of the four conjugations? What forms constitute the principal parts? What are the three different conjugation stems? How may they be found? What are the tenses of the indicative? of the infinitive? What tense of the imperative have you learned? What forms are built on the present stem? on the perfect stem? on the participial stem? What are the endings of the perfect active indicative? What is the tense sign of the pluperfect active? of the future perfect active? How is the present active infinitive formed? the present passive infinitive? How is the present active imperative formed? the present passive imperative? How is the perfect active infinitive formed? the perfect passive infinitive? How is the future active infinitive formed? What is a participle? How are participles in -us declined? Give the rule for the agreement of the participle. How are the perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect passive indicative formed? Conjugate the verb sum in all moods and tenses as far as you have learned it (<a href = "#sec494">§ 494). What is meant by the separative ablative? How is the place from which expressed in Latin? Give the rule for the ablative of separation; for the ablative of the personal agent. How can we distinguish between the ablative of means and the ablative of the personal agent? What is the perfect definite? the perfect indefinite? What is the difference in meaning between the perfect indefinite and the imperfect? What two cases in Latin may be governed by a preposition? Name the prepositions that govern the ablative. What does the preposition in mean when it governs the ablative? the accusative? What are the three interrogatives used to introduce yes-and-no questions? Explain the force of each. What words are sometimes used for yes and no? What are the different meanings and uses of ubi?

<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#lesson_XXXVII">Go on to Lesson

XXXVII
V. REVIEW OF LESSONS XXXVII-XLIV

Lesson XLV

517. Give the English of the following words:

Nouns
FIRST DECLENSION SECOND DECLENSION
rīpa

barbarī

captīvus

castellum

impedīmentum

THIRD DECLENSION

animal
arbor
avis
caedēs
274<a name = "page274"> calamitās
calcar
caput
cīvis

cliēns

collis
cōnsul
dēns
dux
eques
fīnis
flūmen
fōns

frāter

homō
hostīs
ignis
imperātor
īnsigne
iter
iūdex
labor

lapis

legiō
mare
māter
mēnsis
mīles
mōns
nāvis
opus

ōrātor

ōrdō
pater
pedes
pēs
pōns
prīnceps
rēx
salūs

sanguis

soror
tempus
terror
turris
urbs
victor
virtūs

vīs

Adjectives of the First and Second Declensions
barbarus dexter sinister summus
Prepositions Adverbs Conjunctions

in with the abl.
in with the acc.

trāns

cotīdiē

numquam

nec, neque

nec ... nec, or neque ... neque

Verbs
CONJ. I CONJ. III

cessō

confirmō

oppugnō

vetō

accipiō
incipiō

petō
ponō

vincō
vivō

518. Translate the following words. Give the genitive and the gender of the nouns and the principal parts of the verbs:

forbid
rank, row
brother
force
across
savages
horseman
never
mountain

manliness,
courage

leader
put, place
time
savage,
barbarous

sister
seek
captive hindrance,
baggage

man-of-war
judge

defeat, disaster

fire
tree
foot soldier
receive
general
highest
fountain
orator
neither ... nor

and not
left
tooth
soldier
month
city
victor
daily
live (verb)

conquer
consul
mother
retainer
citizen
head
safety

assail, storm

begin
march
decoration
bridge
bird
cease
man
river
work (noun)

and
ship
bank

redoubt, fort
sea
tower

drill (verb)

legion
terror
into, to

right (adj.)
in
stone
blood labor (noun)

king
spur
chief
slaughter
strengthen
foot
enemy
animal
father

519.

Review Questions. Give the conjugation of possum. What is an infinitive? What three uses has the Latin infinitive that are like the English? What is the case of the subject of the infinitive? What is meant by a complementary infinitive? In the sentence The bad boy cannot be happy, what is the case of happy? Give the rule. Decline quī. Give the rule for the agreement of the relative. What are the two uses of the interrogative? Decline quis. What is the base of a noun? How is the stem formed from the base? Are the stem and the base ever the same? How many declensions of nouns are there? Name them. What are the two chief divisions of the third declension? How are the consonant stems classified? Explain the formation of lapis from the stem lapid-, mīles from mīlit-, rēx from rēg-. What nouns have i-stems? What peculiarities of form do i-stems have,—masc., fem., and neut.? Name the five nouns that have and -e in the abl. Decline turris. Give the rules for gender in the third declension. Decline mīles, lapis, rēx, virtūs, cōnsul, legiō, homō, pater, flūmen, opus, tempus, caput, caedēs, urbs, hostis, mare, animal, vīs, iter.

520. Fill out the following scheme:

The Third Declension Gender Endings

Masculine
Feminine

Neuter
Case Terminations I. Consonant Stems

a. Masc. and fem.

b. Neuters
II. I-Stems

a. Masc. and fem.

b. Neuters
Irregular Nouns
<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#lesson_XLV">Go on to Lesson XLV
<a name = "review_VI"> VI. REVIEW OF LESSONS XLV-LII

521. Give the English of the following words:

Nouns
FIRST DECLENSION SECOND DECLENSION

amīcitia
hōra

littera

annus
modus
nūntius

oculus

rēgnum

signum

supplicium,

supplicium dare
supplicium sūmere dē

tergum,

tergum vertere

vestīgium

THIRD DECLENSION FOURTH DECLENSION

aestās
corpus
hiems
lībertās lūx,
prīma lūx

nōmen

nox
pars
pāx
rūs
sōl
vōx

vulnus

adventus
cornū
domus
equitātus
exercitus

fluctus

impetus
lacus
manus
metus

portus

FIFTH DECLENSION INDECLINABLE NOUN

aciēs
diēs
fidēs,

in fidem venīre

rēs,

rēs gestae
rēs adversae
rēs pūblica
rēs secundae

spēs

nihil

Adjectives
FIRST AND SECOND DECLENSIONS THIRD DECLENSION

dēnsus
invīsus
mīrus
paucī
prīmus

prīstinus
pūblicus
secundus
tantus
vērus

ācer, ācris, ācre
brevis, breve
difficilis, difficile
facīlis, facile
fortis, forte

gravis, grave
incolumis, incolume
omnis, omne
pār, pār
vēlōx, vēlōx

Pronouns
PERSONAL DEMONSTRATIVE INTENSIVE INDEFINITE

ego
nōs
suī

vōs

hic
īdem
ille
iste

ipse

aliquis, aliquī
quīdam
quis, quī
quisquam
quisque

Adverbs Conjunctions Prepositions

nē ... quidem
ōlim

paene
quoque

satis
vērō

itaque
nisi

ante
post
propter

Verbs
CONJ. I CONJ. II CONJ. III CONJ. IV

conlocō
convocō
cremō
dēmōnstrō
mandō

dēbeō
exerceō
maneō
placeō
sustineō

committō,

committere proelium

dēcidō
ēripiō

sūmō,

sūmere supplicium dē

trādūcō

vertō
dēsiliō
522.

Translate the following words. Give the genitive and the gender of the nouns and the principal parts of the verbs.

if not, unless
on account of

unharmed
public
commonwealth

leap down, dismount

lead across
remain

call together

friendship

footprint, trace

each

fear (noun)

hope
therefore

behind, after

so great
equal

in truth, indeed
that (yonder)

a certain
fall down
owe, ought

measure, mode

eye
name
wave, billow

thing, matter

exploits
republic
prosperity

adversity

former, old-time
all, every
any one (at all)
this (of mine)
heavy, serious
hateful, detested

true
burn
snatch from
letter
punishment

inflict
punishment on

suffer punishment
liberty
sun
sustain

take up, assume

hour
reign, realm
messenger

part, direction

body
harbor

faith, protection

of himself
also, too
sufficiently

burn

that (of yours)

before
you (plur.)
light
daybreak
winter
attack

line of battle

army
drill, train
join battle
house, home
midday
wonderful
brave
almost
the same
some, any

if any one

self, very
not even
easy
dense

point out, explain

difficult
first

arrange, station

please
year

peace

back

turn the back, retreat

night

hand, force

lake
day

commit, intrust

a few only

sharp, eager

we
turn
you (sing.)
I
signal
summer
cavalry
wound
horn, wing
country

second, favorable

short
voice

formerly, once

arrival

come under the
protection of

swift
nothing

523. Review Questions. By what declensions are Latin adjectives declined? What can you say about the stem of adjectives of the third declension? Into what classes are these adjectives divided? How can you tell to which of the classes an adjective belongs? Decline ācer, omnis, pār. What are the nominative endings and genders of nouns of the fourth or u-declension? What nouns are feminine by exception? Decline adventus, lacus, cornū, domus. Give the rules for the ordinary expression of the place to which, the place from which, the place in which. What special rules apply to names of towns, small islands, and rūs? What is the locative case? What words have a locative case? What is the form of the locative case? Translate Galba lives at home, Galba lives at Rome, Galba lives at Pompeii. What is the rule for gender in the fifth or ē-declension? Decline diēs, rēs. When is the long ē shortened? What can you say about the plural of the fifth declension? Decline tuba, servus, pīlum, ager, puer, mīles, cōnsul, flūmen, caedēs, animal. How is the time when expressed? Name the classes of pronouns and define each class. Decline ego, tū, is. What are the reflexives of the first and second persons? What is the reflexive of the third person? Decline it. Translate I see myself, he sees himself, he sees him. Decline ipse. How is ipse used? Decline īdem. Decline hic, iste, ille. Explain the use of these words. Name and translate the commoner indefinite pronouns. Decline aliquis, quisquam, quīdam, quisque.

<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#lesson_LIII">Go on to Lesson LIII
<a name = "review_VII"> VII. REVIEW OF LESSONS LIII-LX

524. Give the English of the following words:

Nouns
FIRST DECLENSION SECOND DECLENSION

aquila
fossa

aedificium
captīvus
concilium

imperium
negōtium

spatium
vāllum

THIRD DECLENSION

agmen
celeritās
cīvitās
clāmor
cohors
difficultās
explōrātor

gēns
lātitūdō
longitūdō
magnitūdō
mēns
mercātor
mīlle

mors
mulier
multitūdō
mūnītiō
nēmō
obses

opīniō

regiō
rūmor
scelus
servitūs
timor

vallēs

FOURTH DECLENSION FIFTH DECLENSION

aditus

commeātus

passus

rēs frūmentāria

Adjectives
FIRST AND SECOND DECLENSIONS

aequus
bīnī
ducentī
duo
exterus

īnferus

maximus
medius
minimus
opportūnus
optimus

pessimus

plūrimus
posterus
prīmus
reliquus

secundus

singulī
superus
tardus
ternī

ūnus

THIRD DECLENSION

alacer, alacris, alacre
audāx, audāx
celer, celeris, celere
citerior, citerius
difficilis, difficile
dissimilis, dissimile
facilis, facile

gracilis, gracile

humilis, humile
ingēns, ingēns
interior, interius
lēnis, lēne
maior, maius
melior, melius
minor, minus

nōbilis, nōbile

peior, peius
——, plūs
prior, prius
recēns, recēns
similis, simile
trēs, tria

ulterior, ulterius

Adverbs

ācriter
audācter
bene
facile
ferē

fortiter

magis
magnopere
maximē
melius
minimē

multum

optimē
parum
paulō
plūrimum
prope

propius

proximē
quam
statim
tam

undique

Conjunctions Prepositions

atque, ac
aut
aut ... aut
et ... et

nam

quā dē causā

quam ob rem

simul atque or
simul ac

circum
contrā
inter
ob

trāns

Verbs
CONJ. I CONJ. II

cōnor

hortor

moror

vexō

obtineō

perterreō

valeō

vereor

CONJ. III

abdō
cadō
cognōscō
cōnsequor
contendō
cupiō

currō

dēdō
dēfendō
ēgredior
incendō
incolō
īnsequor

occīdō

patior
premō
proficīscor
prōgredior
quaerō
recipiō

relinquō

revertor
sequor
statuō
subsequor
suscipiō
trādō

trahō

CONJ. III
orior perveniō
525.

Translate the following words. Give the genitive and the gender of the nouns and the principal parts of the verbs:

  • on account of
  • nearly
  • keenly, sharply
  • thousand
  • two
  • opportune
  • remaining
  • above (adj.)
  • next
  • grain supply
  • pace
  • shout (noun)
  • from all sides
  • against
  • around
  • three
  • further
  • line of march
  • manor
  • region
  • fortification
  • eagle
  • almost
  • boldly
  • bravely
  • across
  • between, among
  • hither (adj.)
  • so
  • less
  • more
  • most
  • worst
  • difficulty
  • hostage
  • death
  • command, power
  • captive
  • or
  • and
  • arrive
  • attempt, try
  • length
  • width
  • scout
  • cohort
  • tribe, nation
  • business
  • by a little
  • somewhat
  • crime
  • difficult
  • equal
  • move forward,
    advance
  • multitude
  • woman
  • desire (verb)
  • give over,
    surrender
  • kill
  • overtake
  • hasten, strive
  • hide
  • one
  • first
  • second, favorable
  • two hundred
  • former
  • inner
  • middle
  • low
  • outward
  • three by three
  • provisions
  • speed
  • ditch
  • wherefore or
  • therefore
  • for this reason
  • fear (noun)
  • return
  • inquire
  • set out
  • move out, disembark
  • fear (verb)
  • worse
  • greater, larger
  • two by two
  • least (adv.)
  • opinion,
    expectation
  • approach, entrance
  • trader
  • magnitude, size
  • council, assembly
  • space, room
  • either ... or
  • rise, arise
  • suffer, allow
  • press hard
  • fall
  • surrender
  • set fire to
  • defend
  • possess, hold
  • delay (verb)
  • nearest (adv.)
  • nearer (adv.)
  • better (adj.)
  • well known, noble
  • mild, gentle
  • swift
  • eager
  • low (adj.)
  • slender
  • one by one
  • no one
  • least (adv.)
  • little (adv.)
  • learn, know
  • drag
  • undertake
  • run
  • fix, decide
  • leave
  • abandon
  • be strong
  • receive, recover
  • terrify, frighten
  • dwell
  • state, citizenship
  • valley
  • slavery
  • greatly
  • best of all (adv.)
  • better (adv.)
  • well (adv.)
  • very much
  • much
  • unlike
  • like (adj.)
  • slow
  • very greatly,
    exceedingly
  • building
  • mind (noun)
  • easily
  • easy
  • recent
  • huge, great
  • bold
  • immediately
  • as soon as
  • for
  • than
  • best (adj.)
  • greatest
  • follow close
  • encourage
  • annoy, ravage
  • hide
  • follow
  • pursue
  • both ... and
  • rampart
526.

Review Questions. What is meant by comparison? In what two ways may adjectives be compared? Compare clārus, brevis, vēlōx, and explain the formation of the comparative and the superlative. What are the adverbs used in comparison? Compare brevis by adverbs. Decline the comparative of vēlōx. How are adjectives in -er compared? Compare ācer, pulcher, liber. What are possible translations for the comparative and superlative? Name the six adjectives that form the superlative in -limus. Translate in two ways Nothing is brighter than the sun. Give the rule for the ablative with comparatives. Compare bonus, magnus, malus, multus, parvus, exterus, īnferus, posterus, superus. Decline plūs. Compare citerior, interior, propior, ulterior. Translate That route to Italy is much shorter. Give the rule for the expression of measure of difference. Name five words that are especially common in this construction. How are adverbs usually formed from adjectives of the first and second declensions? from adjectives of the third declension? Compare the adverbs cārē, līberē, fortiter, audācter. What cases of adjectives are sometimes used as adverbs? What are the adverbs from facilis? multus? prīmus? plūrimus? bonus? magnus? parvus? Compare prope, saepe, magnopere. How are numerals classified? Give the first twenty cardinals. Decline ūnus, duo, trēs, mīlle. How are the hundreds declined? What is meant by the partitive genitive? Give the rule for the partitive genitive. What sort of words are commonly used with this construction? What construction is used with quīdam and cardinal numbers excepting mīlle? Give the first twenty ordinals. How are they declined? How are the distributives declined? Give the rule for the expression of duration of time and extent of space. What is the difference between the ablative of time and the accusative of time? What is a deponent verb? Give the synopsis of one. What form always has a passive meaning? Conjugate amō, moneō, regō, capiō, audiō, in the active and passive.

VIII. REVIEW OF LESSONS LXI-LXIX

527. Review the vocabularies of the first seventeen lessons. See §§ 502, 503, 506, 507.

528. Review Questions. Name the tenses of the subjunctive. What time is denoted by these tenses? What are the mood signs of the present subjunctive? How may the imperfect subjunctive be formed? How do the perfect subjunctive and the future perfect indicative active differ in form? How is the pluperfect subjunctive active formed? Inflect the subjunctive active and passive of cūrō, dēleō, vincō, rapiō, mūniō. Inflect the subjunctive tenses of sum; of possum. What are the tenses of the participles in the active? What in the passive? Give the active and passive participles of amō, moneō, regō, capiō, audiō. Decline regēns. What participles do deponent verbs have? What is the difference in meaning between the perfect participle of a deponent verb and of one not deponent? Give the participles of vereor. How should participles usually be translated? Conjugate volō, nōlō, mālō, fīō.

What is the difference between the indicative and subjunctive in their fundamental ideas? How is purpose usually expressed in English? How is it expressed in Latin? By what words is a Latin purpose clause introduced? When should quō be used? What is meant by sequence of tenses? Name the primary tenses of the indicative and of the subjunctive; the secondary tenses. What Latin verbs are regularly followed by substantive clauses of purpose? What construction follows iubeō? What construction follows verbs of fearing? How is consequence or result expressed in Latin? How is a result clause introduced? What words are often found in the principal clause foreshadowing the coming of a result clause? How may negative purpose be distinguished from negative result? What is meant by the subjunctive of characteristic or description? How are such clauses introduced? Explain the ablative absolute. Why is the ablative absolute of such frequent occurrence in Latin? Explain the predicate accusative. After what verbs are two accusatives commonly found? What do these accusatives become when the verb is passive?


IMPERATOR MILITES HORTATUR

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References

  1. 1. It is suggested that each of these reviews be assigned for a written test.
  2. Proper nouns and proper adjectives are not repeated in the reviews. Words used in Cassar’s “Gallic War” are in heavy type.
  3. 1. The translations of words used in Cæsar are in italics.
  4. The translations of words used in Cæsar are in italics.