Life and Journals of Kah-ke-wa-quo-nā-by/Chapter III
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LEFT the Credit this day to visit the Indians settled about the Bay of Quinte; met some of the Credit Indians who had been visiting their brethren at Belleville, who informed me they were still praying, and that the good Spirit blessed them a great deal. At this good news my heart rejoiced and took courage. — Friday, May 4th.
Saturday 5th. — Rode from York to Whitby and lodged with Mr. Moore; was cast down in spirit, but being informed of the steadfastness of the Indians about Schoogog Lake, was encouraged still to trust in God, and cast all my care on him. A friend informed me of the following particulars respecting these Indians: Two white men went out to traffic with them for furs, taking with them two barrels of whiskey, hoping when they got the Indians into the bush they would be induced to drink, when they would be able to get their furs from them; but in this they were sadly disappointed, for after making one or two of them drunk, the Christian Indians went to them in a body and demanded the liquor, telling them they would not trade with them any more unless they gave it up; so the white men, sooner than lose their trade, gave up the whiskey to the Indians, who immediately took the barrels to the middle of the lake, cut a hole through the ice, tied weights to them and sunk them to the bottom. Thus were Satan and his agents defeated in their black design.
Sabbath 6th. — At 10 o'clock I preached in the school house at Whitby on the parable of the labourers in the vineyard. The congregation paid great attention, and some shed tears. May God bless my feeble endeavours to His own glory! Rode to Darlington in the afternoon, and heard the Rev. J. Wilson preach from Prov. xxviii. 13. I endeavoured to exhort after him. Mr. Wilson and I slept at Mr. Cryderman's. Felt much revived in spirit this day.
Monday 7th. — Rode from Mr. Cryderman's to Mr. McCarty's in Cobourg, where I remained for the night. On my way I called for a few minutes on Mr. Smith, the Indian trader, to enquire about the Indians. He informed me that they were encamped at Rice Lake, near Captain Anderson's; that they were all steady and drank no more whisky; were very strict in keeping the Sabbath day, and were preaching and praying everywhere. Mr. S. seemed much delighted with the conduct of these Indians.
Tuesday 8th.— Left Mr. McCarty's for Mr. Williams', at Rice Lake, where I was wind-bound all day, the Indians being encamped on the opposite shore of the Lake. Passed through hard struggles of mind this day.
Wednesday 9th. — Crossed Rice Lake this morning for Capt. Anderson's, where I saw a few Indian women and some boys. Conversed with Mr. Anderson about the affairs of the Indians; he appeared much interested for their welfare. Got two Indian lads with a birch canoe to take me where the Indian camps were, about three miles down the lake. On landing, the women, children, and few men at home, hastened to the shore and welcomed my arrival by shaking hands, some weeping and some shouting. As most of the men were off hunting about the lake, the next consideration was how to get them home. They said that by firing guns one after the other they would return, if within hearing; so three men began and fired about twenty. In an hour's time all returned. They appeared very glad to see me. I immediately collected them for Divine worship, and gave them some general instructions on the plan of redemption through our blessed Saviour, Jesus Christ. I told them of the goodness of Kezhamunedoo (God) in sending His only begotten Son to save us from Mahjemunedoo, (the bad spirit) and that whosoever would believe on him should be made happy, and when they died be taken up to Ishpeming (Heaven), at which they gave a shout of joy, and some fell to the ground. After an interval of three hours I held another meeting with them, and the Lord was pleased again to bless us. Returned to Captain Anderson's for the night.
Thursday 10th. — Visited the Indians this morning, and spoke to them the words of eternal life. The spirit of the Lord was poured out upon us, and we rejoiced together.
Friday 11th. — Rode to Mr. C. Biggar's, at the Carrying Place. Endeavoured to raise my thoughts towards heaven this day, and the Lord was pleased to shine into my soul.
Saturday 12th. — Left the Carrying Place for Belleville, where I slept. Had little or no enjoyment this day.
Sunday 13th. — At 10 o'clock the Indians arrived. I felt much comfort in meeting them. At 11, a. m., I endeavoured to preach to them from John iii. 7, and then spoke to the white people. Most of the Kingston Indians were up enquiring the way of eternal life; I observed that they were much affected during the service, and trust that some good impressions were made. In the afternoon I accompanied my brethren to Grape Island, where they are forming a settlement; held a meeting with them on our arrival, and the Lord poured out his Holy Spirit upon us, so that there was a shout in the Camp; many fell to the ground, others wept, while others were rejoicing in the love of God. Went in the evening to Mr. Thompson's, where I received a friendly welcome from the kind family.
Monday 14th. — Returned this morning to the Island, and assisted Mr. Ross in building the Mission House. Towards evening the Rev. W. Atwood arrived. At sundown, according to their usual custom, we all assembled for prayer. After dismissing the meeting they retired to their wigwams praying and praising.
Tuesday 15th. — Helped work at the Mission House this day. All the Indians were employed in doing something towards their establishment. It was very gratifying to see them so industrious and anxious to settle in a civilized manner. Towards evening Elder Case arrived from Hallowell.
Saturday 19th. — Mr. Atwood and I went out fishing this morning, and caught about fifty cat-fish. In the afternoon prepared for the Sabbath. In the evening met the Indians, and explained and enforced the meaning of the 4th Commandment. Felt more encouraged this day to persevere in the heavenly way.
Sunday 20th. — At 11 o'clock preached to the Indians on the Redemption of men, through Jesus Christ our Lord, this being the only name given under heaven whereby we can be saved. The Indians paid great attention and were, I trust, profited. At 5 o'clock preached on Big Island to the white people from these words, "Why stand ye here all the day idle?" The congregation listened with attention, and a few tears were shed, but most of them appeared gospel-hardened. Returned about sunset to Grape Island; found the Indian brethren engaged in their prayer meeting. On entering the chapel saw many of the Kingston Indians on their knees crying for mercy, others were engaged exhorting and encouraging them to give up their hearts to God and believe on Jesus Christ, while some were offering petitions to God on their behalf. The number who professed to find peace were six men and seven women.
Wednesday 23rd — Elder Case administered the Holy Sacrament to about ninety Indians, and baptized twenty who had lately embraced Christianity. This meeting was very profitable to us all. Thursday 24th. — Worked till towards evening and then prepared to go and attend the Quarterly meeting near Cobourg. About sunset Elder Case and I took leave of the Indians and departed, having spent twelve days on the Island, during which time, as there were no houses, we slept in a bark wigwam. I reflect with pleasure on this visit, having been greatly blessed myself, and thankful to witness the progress these poor people have made, both in christianity and civilization since I last saw them.
Friday 25th. — Rode with Elder Case from Mr. Gilbert's to Mr. Bales, at Cobourg, and was much edified with the christian conversation of Elder Case.
Saturday 28th. — Met about seventy of the Rice Lake Indians this morning at Mr. McCarty's, who manifested great joy at seeing Elder Case and myself. Before the meeting commenced the Rev. J. C. Davidson and I took down the names of the natives who had forsaken their evil ways and were desirous of being initiated into the church of Christ by baptism. Old and young numbered forty-four. At 11 o'clock Elder Case preached from these words, "Blessed are they that mourn for they shall be comforted." After the service, the Indians were baptized by Elder Case. It was truly an interesting and glorious sight to see so many natives of the forest renouncing paganism and their late wandering habits, with a holy determination to take the Christian's God for their God, and join themselves with His people. They covenanted to be His for ever.
Sabbath 27th. — At half past eight the love feast began — a number rose and told what God had done for them, and many, both whites and Indians, shouted aloud the high praises of Jehovah. After this service the holy sacrament was administered to a large number of white people and about fifty Indians. At noon the Rev. W. Case preached a pathetic sermon on the history of Joseph. Monday 28th. — Enquired of the Indians whether they would like to plant more Indian corn and potatoes than they had done, and if they did, we would try to help them. They replied they would be glad to plant more.
Tuesday 29th. — Elder Case and I visited the Indians this morning, and, after giving them some advice as to their temporal affairs, they packed up and started home for the Rice Lake. I was much pleased to see the liberality of the white people at this place towards my Indian brethren during their stay here, particularly Mr. John McCarty. May God reward them for all their kindness!
Wednesday 30th. — This morning I got the Indians to commence clearing off the bushes and trees on an island called Spook, or Ghost Island. Most of them were very willing to work, but awkward at their new employment, so that I had to be chief farmer as well as religious teacher. Before sun set I had a religious meeting with them, and explained the doctrine of the New Birth, and the evidence of our acceptance with God. Many rejoiced and praised the Lord aloud for the manifestations of his love to poor Indians.
Thursday 31st. — Employed in helping my brethren to clear their planting ground. Instructed them in the evening on the nature and design of prayer, and as a model explained to them the Lord's Prayer. They were very attentive and appeared deeply impressed with the subject, exhorting one another to hold fast what they had heard. I was much encouraged to persevere in the cause of my Redeemer.
Sunday, June 3rd. — Preached at 11 o'clock in Mr. Williams' house, where both Indians and whites collected; spoke first to my own people and then to the whites; felt quite unwell in body and much dejected in spirits. After I finished I called on brother Peter Wahson to exhort, which he did in a forcible manner to his Indian brethren. In the afternoon held a class meeting on the Island and enjoyed the satisfaction of hearing my brethren tell what God had done for them in showing them the good and right way and their determination to walk in this good way as long as they lived. I felt much comforted during this meeting, and I pray the Father of mercies to carry on his work.
Monday 4th. — Set three teams ploughing, and got the Indians to plant after them. Went to Captain Anderson's in the afternoon to enquire about more seed, corn and potatoes. Held a prayer meeting in the evening, which was a blessing to us.
Tuesday 5th. — Employed the Indians in planting — went for the potatoes and received eighteen bushels, which the Captain kindly made a present to the Indians, also a bushel of seed corn. This gentleman also furnished P. Rice Lake's party with as much as they required. Finished ploughing on the Island, in all about five acres. Assisted P. R. L.'s party with a team to haul their fencing timber; gave them some garden seeds. Returned to Mr. Williams' in the evening. Last evening was awoke by a drunken man, who was blaspheming in a most dreadful manner about the Indian preacher.
Wednesday 6th. — Settled for the ploughing. Mr. W. had the goodness to give a dollar towards the Missions. Went to the Island and finished planting about noon. At 1 o'clock we all assembled for Divine Worship, together with P. Rice Lake's party. As this was our last meeting, I gave them general instructions, by enforcing strict attention to the Ten Commandments, and instructed them in the mode of keeping up their religious exercises, and the necessity of leading well-ordered lives, and keeping out of debt, moderation in dress, &c. Concluded by commending them to God, who is able to preserve them from all harm. I called on Capt. Pahdosh, the head Chief, to exhort, which he did in a powerful manner for about half an hour, telling them what the Good Spirit had done for them in taking away their troubles and making their hearts glad. He further stated that it was a cause of gratitude that their white brethren whose houses were glistening along the Lake, had got their land ploughed for them and furnished them with seed. He then told them that as their brother from the Credit River had been labouring amongst them for some time, and instructing them in the good way, he hoped they would hold fast all they had heard. And as a party of the Chiefs and principal men were going to York on business, he exhorted all his people to pray for them during their absence, that they might return again in safety. After he finished, I made a few more remarks, telling them that it was their duty as a people to love their King and country, and to pray for all in authority over them. After taking leave by shaking hands, I left the Island, having spent about eight days with these enquirers after truth.
Thursday 7th. — Met the Rev. Mr. Osgood at the Cobourg Court house, where he delivered a short discourse to the prisoners, and requested me to exhort after him — some appeared affected. As Mr. 0. was on his way to York, we travelled in company. Rode to Port Hope where he had an appointment. Met with about a hundred of the Mud Lake Indians who had been waiting for me at this place. Mr. 0. delivered a short sermon to the white people, after which I addressed the Indians. Some were deeply affected and fell to the floor. This tribe have all become a praying people and renounced ardent spirits. I felt very sorry to take leave of them so soon, as they were very anxious to receive instruction. I exhorted the Class Leaders to be faithful. Before leaving them, one of them came to me with four dollars and a half, which he said they had collected amongst themselves, for the purpose of aiding those who were striving to spread the Gospel among their brethren. On parting from them, they all shook hands with tears streaming down their cheeks. It pained me to leave them, seeing their attachment to me, and great desire for instruction in the Christian Religion.
Friday 8th. — Arrived at York about 4 p.m. Attended a Class in the evening, where I was greatly benefited. Met the Rev. E. Ryerson from the Credit, who informed me that friends there were doing well both in temporal and spiritual things.
Saturday 9th. — This morning met some of the Schoogog Lake Indians who were waiting to attend a Camp meeting on Yonge Street next week. Enquired as to the state of religion amongst them; they informed me that they were all looking to the Great Spirit, who made them very glad in their hearts. Arrived at the Credit Village by sun set.
Sunday 10th. — Early this morning we assembled for prayer meeting, when I gave the Indians an account of my journey, and the conversion of many of our brethren; they listened attentively and were much animated with the good news they heard. At 9 a.m., we attended Sunday School, about fifty present. At 12 o'clock the Rev. J. Black preached on the Christian armour, which I explained in Indian — we were much edified by this sermon. At 4 p.m., we assembled again, when I endeavoured to explain the Lord's prayer. I trust we all felt it profitable.
Friday 15th. — Attended the funeral of Charlotte Johns, aged 12 years, who died last evening. She had been serious and concerned for the salvation of her soul about two years, and was regular in her devotions and attendance at school. During her sickness she manifested great desire to go to heaven, and her mother informed me that she often talked about Jesus. No doubt she is now with him singing his praises in the courts above. After a short discourse, I committed the body to the earth, there to lie till the trump of God shall awake the long slumbering nations under ground. May God sanctify these afflictive providences to the good of this people!
In the afternoon I started for the Camp meeting, which commenced to-day on Yonge Street, 12 miles from York. Slept at Mr. McCormack's, within five miles of the Camp ground.
Saturday 16th. — Arrived at the Camp meeting this morning, where I met about sixty Indians, mostly from Lake Simcoe. I spoke to them the words of eternal life; they paid great attention and were much affected.
Sunday, 17th. — I addressed the white people on the state of the Indian Missions, and the prospect of the Gospel being carried to the western Tribes through the exertions and benevolence of the friends of missions.
Monday 18th. — This morning the ordinance of baptism was administered to such Indians as had experienced a change of heart, and been under serious impressions for some time. The total number was 36 — twenty adults and sixteen children. After this ordinance the sacrament of the Lord's Supper was administered. About noon the meeting broke up.
Tuesday 19th. — Brother Law and I arrived at the Holland Landing in the afternoon. We saw only a few scattered Indians, and a number of French and half-breeds who professed the Roman Catholic faith, but in their actions were as wicked as pagans. We lodged at Mr. Smith's, near where the Christian Indians were encamped. This gentleman and his family are much interested in the prosperity of the Indians, and rejoice at the opening prospects before them. Held a meeting with these poor Indians this evening. Their serious attention to the truths of the Gospel greatly encouraged me.
Wednesday 20th. — At 10 o'clock I explained the Ten Commandments; a number of whites, French, and Indians were present. After I finished, John Crane exhorted the Indians to receive what they had heard, and never again to break the great commandments of God. Many wept, and two fell to the ground. At 6 p.m., I endeavoured to preach to the white people from these words: "How shall we escape if we neglect so great salvation." I concluded by addressing the Indians.
Thursday 21st. — In our meeting this morning I endeavoured to teach the Indians the Ten Commandments, by delivering short sentences, and then the Indians repeating them after; in this way they make rapid progress in committing to memory what is taught them. Visited David Wilson's temple and nunnery. At 5 p.m., I accompanied Brother Law and a number of the Indians to hear Rev. J. Beatty preach about a mile and a half distant — he spoke to us from Rom. v. i., and I interpreted sentence by sentence. The Lord was in our midst.
Friday 22nd. — Cautioned my brethren this morning against believing the traders when they threatened to hinder them from embracing Christianity, as W. Snake, the Chief, informed me that Mr. Bolen and P. Squires had threatened to flog him if he did not leave off attending the meetings, and said many other things to intimidate him in becoming a Christian. Indeed, from all accounts the traders are exasperated at the Indians becoming a praying and sober people; like the Ephesians, their craft is in danger, for if the Indians become worshippers of the true God, their great goddess Diana would be despised and come to nought.
Sunday 24th. — Had prayers with my native brethren, and it was a joyful time. Went with them to Newmarket where we heard the Rev. J. Beatty preach, after which I exhorted both in English and Indian.
Monday 25. — Commenced building a temporary Chapel or School-house of slabs, 24 feet long and 20 wide, near Mr. Tyson's house. The Indians assisted.
Tuesday 26th. — Completed the School-house this afternoon, which cost only 7s. 6d. in cash. Held a meeting in it before sun set, and the good Lord was pleased to pour out his Holy Spirit abundantly, which made it one of the happiest meetings I have experienced since I visited this people. Our homely Chapel appeared to me none other than the house of God and gate of heaven. Many trembled and wept. My own soul was full of the love of God, and I longed and prayed for the prosperity of Zion and the glory of my God.
Wednesday 27th. — In the afternoon we commenced a school amongst the native children; brother Law was to be their Teacher. At 5 p.m., we assembled for worship. Brother J. Crane exhorted them at some length, after which I gave them some general instructions with regard to their perseverance in the Christian race, and the necessity for their watching against their former intemperate habits, and the malicious and wicked designs of evil men, who would endeavour to turn them out of the good way. They were very attentive while I spoke, and at the end of each subject, responded by saying haahe, as a token of its being received by them. Blessed be God for what my eyes see, and my ears hear of the wonderful dealings of God to this people.
Thursday 28th. — This morning we collected the Indians to hear Brother E. Smith preach. He delivered a short discourse from these words: "He that overcometh, the same shall be clothed in white raiment." After I gave the interpretation, John Crane exhorted for some time. I then encouraged them to hold fast their profession, and never, never again turn from the commandments of God. I requested those who had experienced a change of heart to rise up; about forty rose, most of whom experienced religion either at the late Camp meeting or since the encampment at this place. We sang a hymn, and then commended them to God in prayer.
Tuesday, July 17th.— Started this day from the Credit Village, on a visit to the Lake Simcoe Indians, who were shortly to receive their payments and presents from the Government. Called for a few minutes on Col. Givins, who kindly gave me some information about these Indians. Attended a Class meeting at Dr. Morrison's in the evening, and endeavoured in much trembling to speak a few words; had little or no liberty in speech.
Wednesday 18th. — The Rev. E. Ryerson and I set off this morning from York for the Holland Landing, — arrived there about dusk. No sooner did the Indian brethren know it, than they came flocking around to welcome us by shaking hands. The exhorters gave us very pleasing accounts of the progress of the work. They said that the number now obedient to the faith, was more than one hundred; and that above forty professed a change of heart; also that the opposition of the traders was subsiding, and that only a few wicked French were still threatening to beat the Indians. They also informed us that Yellowhead, the great Chief, was much engaged in the good work, and had lately encouraged his people to be firm and faithful in serving the Great Spirit. The school was also increasing, having some days more than sixty scholars, who were making great progress.
Thursday 19th. — Held a meeting with the Indians this morning. The Rev. E. Ryerson spoke to them through an interpreter, explaining the superiority of the Christian religion to that which admitted images and idols. At the conclusion of Mr. M.'s remarks I exhorted them to be steadfast and immovable in the service of God. They paid great attention and were much affected. A number of French Canadians were present, who were quite uneasy and threatened to beat Yellowhead.
Thursday, December 6th. — Started from the Credit for the Grand River, and remained at Mr. Craney's for the night. Nothing worthy of note occurred this day. Friday 7th. — Rode to Mr. J. Gage's, where I stayed all night. Was cast down in spirit. Lord revive my drooping spirits, and cause me to rejoice in thy love.
Saturday 8th. — Arrived at my father's this evening, and was much comforted to see my relations once more in health. Met with the Rev. J. Messmore, who is the Missionary at this place, from whom I received a pleasing account of the work of God at the Salt Springs. My soul rejoiced at the goodness of God to the natives of the forest.
Sunday 9th. — After breakfast, I accompanied my father to the Mission house, where we found them engaged in the Sabbath School; there were seventeen scholars present, white and Indian children. Many of them could read and repeat their Catechism. At the close of the school I addressed them on the necessity of obeying the laws of God, and being very attentive to the instructions they received; they listened with interest. At 12 o'clock we held a class meeting of about forty, consisting of Mohawks, whites, and Ojebways. It was a solemn season to us all. The Rev. J. Messmore requesting me to fill his appointment, I delivered a short discourse from Heb. ii. 4. This was a good Sabbath to me; and may the Lord continue to prosper his work among this people. Amen.
Monday 10th. — Spent this day in visiting friends. In the evening preached to a small congregation from Acts xiii. 41. The Rev. J. Messmore closed the service. It was a profitable time to my soul.
Tuesday 11th. — Left my father's to visit the Indians at the Salt Springs. Spent the night at Mr. Burch's. Had an interview with William Doxdader the native exhorter, who has been labouring four months with abundant success amongst these people. May the Lord make him a burning and shining light. The work of God is going on well at this place; the society consists of about forty, and the school of twenty children, taught by Mr. H. Mortin. Enjoyed some christian conversation this day, and found it good to talk about the things of God.
Wednesday 12th — Visited a small settlement of Indians on Fair Child's Creek, where there is a door opened for preaching the Gospel. As these Indians are Mohawk, I spoke to them in English through an interpreter, from Mark xvi. 15, 16. It was a solemn time; held a class meeting with them; about fifteen professed their faith in Christ and were happy in the Lord. Accompanied W. Doxdader in the evening to the river, where we held another meeting composed of Mohawks, Oneidas, and Cayugas, whom I addressed through W. D., from John xv. 24. While speaking, the power of the Lord descended on the people, causing them to shout aloud. They were much delighted with the account I gave them of the work of God amongst their Ojebway brethren. I was much surprised at the actions of a deaf and dumb man who was present; although sitting with his back to the people, he appeared to be powerfully wrought upon according to the fervour of the congregation; his whole body shook like a person in a violent fit of ague. I was informed by W. D. that this man was happy in his heart. Surely it is a proof of the operation of the Spirit of God. Blessed be the name of God who giveth us an increase!
Thursday 13th. — In the morning visited the school at the Salt Springs — thirteen children present — some could read easy lessons, but most only monosyllables. In the afternoon rode to the Upper Mission school, taught by Mr. Seth Crawford; only ten scholars; most of whom could read and write. I felt sorry the parents did not send their children more regularly to school.
Friday 14th. — Spent the day at my father's in reading and writing a letter to a friend. Felt encouraged in reviewing the work of God amongst the aborigines of this country. Saturday 15th. — Went to Brantford to visit the Rev. Mr. Luggar, the Church Missionary, at the Mohawk Village. Had some pleasant conversation with him respecting the state and prospects of the Indians. He highly approved of our plans at the Credit, and thought he should adopt the same at his Mission. Returned to father's in the evening.
Sunday 16th. — Rode to the Mohawk Village, and heard the Rev. Mr. Luggar preach from John iii. 5. He pointed out the nature of baptism, and the duty of godfathers and godmothers; and enforced the necessity of regeneration to qualify a person for his entrance into the kingdom of heaven. He also took the opportunity to condemn drunkenness. The interpreter was H. A. Hill, to whom the Indians paid great attention; and I pray that the word preached may have its desired effect. Slept at Mr. E. Bunnell's.
Monday 17th. — Left for the Credit; about noon a tremendous snow storm, which obliged me to put up for the night at Brother Cummings', in Flamboro' West. Enjoyed some heavenly comfort this day.
Tuesday 18th. — Arrived at the Credit about dusk — found all well, except my brother George. Attended a class in the evening; it was a time of rejoicing to many. Blessed be God for the precious gift of his dear Son.
Thursday 20th. — Spent the day in rigging a cutter for my intended journey to the Bay of Quinte. Attended the prayer meeting in the evening — a time of rejoicing to many.
Friday 21st. — Started this morning to visit the various Indians residing at Schoogog Lake, Mud Lake, Rice Lake, and Grape Island. Remained a short time in York; called to see the Governor, who, after making some enquiries about the Credit Indians, said he would pay them a visit in a few days. Rode ten miles out of town to Mr. Amies', where I preached to a small congregation from Acts viii. 35. It was a solemn time, and I pray God to bless my feeble efforts among this people.
Saturday 22nd. — Arrived at Mr. Moore's in Whitby, near where the Schoogog Indians were encamped. Held a meeting with them in the evening, and preached Jesus unto them. It was a time of shaking among the dry bones, and many a soul rejoiced. Received a pleasing account of the christian deportment of these Indians.
Sunday 23rd. — At 10, a. m., preached at Mr. Slone's school house, from Luke xv. 24, on the return of the prodigal son to his father's house, and the blessed reception he received. A number of the natives fell to the floor. Gave the substance of my discourse to the whites. At 2 p. m., preached at the Baptist meeting house from Luke xix. 10. A large congregation attended, who paid good attention. In the evening heard Mr. Marsh, a Baptist Minister, from Luke xii. 31, on the nature of Christ's kingdom. His views were rather too calvinistic for me. I enjoyed my mind very well this day — felt much fatigued in body at night.
Monday 24th. — Rode from Dr. Still's to Mr. Stone's, where the Indians were encamped. While we were at dinner all the Indian men came in, but I knew not for what purpose. After finishing my meal. I walked out, and they all flocked around me, when old Johnson, in a bold and majestic voice addressed me in the following manner: "Brother, we thank you for visiting us to tell us the great words of the Good Spirit. Brother, we want you to tell us what we must do to serve the Great Spirit; for we are as yet very weak and ignorant. All these young men have been trying to keep the good words you told them last winter, and not one of them will taste or smell Skootawahpooh. Brother, we like to pray to the Great Spirit, and to be taught the good way, and as a token of our sincerity we cast in our mites." He then put half a dollar in my hand, and the rest followed his example, some giving me half a dollar, some a quarter, some sixpence, to the amount of £1 10s. It was truly a pleasing sight to witness the delight they manifested in giving their little all; for they gave, like the widow, all they had. Here is a lesson for the covetous and parsimonious white man, who possesses enough and to spare, and yet withholds from the support of the Gospel. In the evening I held a meeting in the school house, addressing first the whites and then the Indians. After the white people retired, I held a class meeting with my people, and was much pleased to hear them speak to the purpose, showing that they had correct views of the plan of salvation by Jesus Christ.
Tuesday 25th. — Rose this morning with feelings of gratitude to God for his great mercy in sparing me to see another Christmas day. Rode to Mr. Wilmott's neighbourhood, where I preached to an attentive congregation on the nativity of our Saviour. My soul felt joyful this day. O the goodness of God in redeeming the world by the gift of his Son!
Wednesday 26th. — Rode from Mr. Ketchridge's to the Rice Lake Mission.
Thursday 27th. — Visited the Indian brethren this morning and found them all well; held a meeting with them in their new school-house; gave them a lecture on the beatitudes of our Saviour; it was a solemn time. After I got through I told any of them who felt inclined to speak. Captain Pahtosh, the head Chief, rose and exhorted his brethren in a feeling manner. Many tears marked their contrition. The number that attended was about eighty. In the evening held a prayer meeting with them, when there was a mighty display of the power of God. O my soul, praise the Lord for his wonderful goodness to the children of men!
Friday 28th. — Brother H. Biggar, the school master at this place, being absent on a visit to his friends, I determined to keep school till his return; about forty-five children attended; many could spell in two syllables, the rest in their abs. This school was opened on the 13th of November, 1827, and has been increasing in numbers ever since. The scholars manifest great fondness for learning. In the evening I preached on the parable of the Ten Virgins; great attention marked their desire to improve in religious knowledge. O Lord, bless my feeble efforts amongst this people!
Saturday 29th. — Kept school in the forenoon, and in the afternoon crossed the lake to Captain Anderson's, where the Chief, Peter Rice Lake, lives. Has a comfortable log house 18 x 18, which he built principally with his own hands. Towards evening returned to the mission, and at candle-light gave my brethren a lecture on the Ten Commandments, which most of them can repeat in their own language.
Sunday 30th. — At 9 o'clock we had a Sabbath school of about 60 scholars. At the close I addressed the children on the duty of improving time, and the love of Jesus Christ to little children. This affected them much. At 11, a. m., preached to a crowded congregation on the prodigal son. A serious attention was apparent, and many tears bespoke that they felt the force and power of Divine truth. To God be all the glory! In the afternoon held a class meeting; it was a very interesting time indeed. O what comfort my soul takes in hearing my brethren declare what God hath done for them in opening their eyes to see the good way, and comforting their hearts by the Holy Spirit. May God ever preserve them in this way until he brings them all home to glory! At the close of this meeting I again urged on them the necessity of striving to live unblamable lives, that their enemies might find no occasion to speak reproachfully of their Christian profession.
Monday 31st. — Kept school, and in the evening endeavoured to instruct them on the nature and design of prayer, from the Lord's prayer, A blessed time to our souls. Tuesday, January 1st, 1828. — Rose with feelings of gratitude to Almighty God for preserving my unprofitable life through the past year, and bringing me in health and comfort to see the commencement of another year. At 10 o'clock we assembled for worship, when I spoke to them on the mercies of God to them during the past year. I reminded them of their former scenes of drunkenness on this day, when they worshipped their appetites in serving sin and Satan, and the great contrast in their present happy situation in obeying the laws of God, and worshipping the Great Spirit. In the evening I preached to them on the necessity of regeneration.
Wednesday 2nd. — In the evening instructed the Indians on various subjects, particularly on the duty of economy and cleanliness. When bidding them farewell many threw pieces of silver into my hands, thanking me for my visit. In reviewing the time I have spent with these people I acknowledge with gratitude the display of God's mercy to us since we have been together.
Thursday 3rd. — Started this morning for Grape Island, where I arrived on the 5th; found the mission family and Indians all well. The brethren appeared very pleased to see me, and flocked from their houses to welcome my arrival by shaking hands. In the evening we had a powerful prayer meeting. I found the condition of these people, both as it respects religious experience and temporal enjoyment, much improved since my visit last May.
They have now eight log houses 18 x 20, which have been built principally by their own labour. Some benevolent white people kindly subscribed to purchase brick for chimneys, glass, nails, &c. The Rev. S. Waldron is their Missionary, and the school is taught by Miss S. Yeomans; about forty children attend, and some read in the Testament.
Sabbath 6th. — At sunrise we held a prayer meeting; at 11 a. m. I preached on the parable of the Prodigal Son, after which the Rev. S. Waldron concluded the meeting. It was a time of rejoicing to many souls. At 3 p. m., held a class meeting:Bro. John Sunday assisted. At our evening prayer meeting we invited any who were burdened and heavy laden to come forward, and we would pray for them; about half a dozen advanced, amongst whom was a conjuress, who had formerly practised her witchcraft, and was a member of the Roman Catholic Church. Feeling the weight of her sins, and the force of truth, she cried to the Lord in the bitterness of her soul for mercy; we all prayed for her, and in about half an hour she experienced the pardoning love of God. She rose up rejoicing and praising God, for having brought her to the knowlege of this good religion, and said she would now always worship the Great Spirit as we worshipped Him. She then fell to the floor, and laid for about six hours without any signs of life; when she came to she expressed a great deal of joy. Many of the brethren professed to experience a deeper work of grace in their hearts.
Wednesday 9th. — Accompanied Brother Waldron to the Big Island. Held a meeting with the people. In the evening, visited and prayed with some of the Indians in their houses — found it very profitable.
Thursday 10th. — Elder Case arrived about noon, when the Indians shewed how glad they were to see him, by every man, woman, and child, coming out of their houses to take a peep at their spiritual father. Keehemakahdawekoonahya[1] (the big black-coat man.) In the evening, Elder Case spoke to us on the goodness of God in sparing our lives and bringing us together once more. He also related the happy death of Mr. Cunningham, who died last Sabbath in the triumphs of faith. The brethren paid great attention. Wm. Beaver interpreted. Friday 11th. — Employed part of the day in writing. Being fast-day, we assembled for worship about noon, and several exhorted and prayed in a feeling manner.
Saturday 12th. — Went with Elder Case and a party of Indians to Sauguin Island to chop firewood. In the evening, the Indians were collected together to shew what they had manufactured within the last two weeks; it amounted to 172 axe handles, 6 scoop shovels, 57 ladles, 4 trays, 44 broom handles, and 415 brooms. These were examined by Elder Case, Mr. and Mrs. Waldron, and Mr. and Mrs. Williams, who highly approved of the work, and commended the Indians for their industry. It was the most pleasing specimen I ever beheld of Indian industry; and could those benevolent persons who have given of their abundance for the good of these people witness such a sight, I think they would be more than repaid for all their gifts of love. Attended a prayer meeting in the evening.
Sabbath 13th. — At half-past 8, a. m., love feast commenced and continued till 11 o'clock. The whole time was taken up by the Indians telling what God had done for them in shewing them the good way to Ishpeming. One said, "I have overcome, by the help of Jesus, my worst enemy, whisky, so that I have no more desire for it. I have also overcome lying, speaking bad words, and hatred; I now love all my brothers and sisters, and hope we shall all see each other in our Great Father's house above." About noon public service was commenced by Elder Case, who explained the nature of the old covenant given to the children of Israel by Moses, and also the nature of the new, as revealed to us by Jesus Christ. I interpreted sentence by sentence. Brother Waldron exhorted the white people in a feeling manner. A collection was taken up. I was pleased to see the willingness of my native brethren to cast in their mites for the support of the Gospel. The Lord's Supper was administered to about 90 natives. In the evening Elder Case baptized an old Indian woman from Kingston, and her three daughters, who had lately been snatched from the burning of Skootawahpoo! (fire waters,) also five infants. Our prayer meeting in the evening was lively and powerful. Some of our white brethren told us their experience, which I interpreted to the Indians, who were much pleased to hear what God was doing for them.
Monday 14th. — Assisted Brothers Case and Waldron in forming this society into classes; their numbers amounted to 172, including those from Kingston. We divided them into six classes, appointing leaders to watch over and instruct them in their way to heaven.
Wednesday 16th. — Attended a council of the Indians, the purport of which was to petition the Governor for a small tract of land, for the purpose of obtaining fire-wood and pasture convenient for the establishment. The following persons were appointed to wait on his Excellency, viz: John Sunday, John Simpson, William Beaver, Jacob Shippegaw, and John Pigeon — Chiefs and principal men of the tribe. They also requested me to accompany them, and assist them in their request. In the evening Elder Case gave a few rewards for industry to those who had made the most brooms, axe handles, and ladles, for the last two weeks, with a view to stimulate them to greater industry.
Thursday 17th. — Prepared for our journey to York. After Speaking a few words to this devoted people, we commended them to God, and departed from them bathed in tears. Since my last visit to this place five adults have died in the triumphs of faith, amongst whom was John Moses and his daughter Jane, the first fruits on this mission.
Saturday 19th. — Arrived at Cramahe at 10 o'clock, where a Quarterly Meeting is to be held this day and to-morrow. The service commenced at 1, p. m., when the Rev. W. Case preached from Rev. iii. 15, 16, 17. I endeavoured to exhort after in Indian and English. The prayer meeting was owned of God to the conversion of some souls.
Sabbath 20th. — At 9 o'clock the love feast commenced. Some were enabled to rejoice in God. At noon Elder Case preached, and I exhorted both in Indian and English. The holy sacrament was then administered to a goodly number. At the close of these services I accompanied the Indians about five miles off to Mr. Powers', where I preached in a school house, from Luke xix. 10. Mr. Holmes exhorted and concluded the meeting.
Tuesday 29th. — This day the Indians from Belleville, Rice Lake, and the chiefs and principal men from the Credit, met at York, in order to hold a council with Government — but on arriving it was postponed till to-morrow at 10 o'clock.
Wednesday 30th. — At 10, a. m., we all left town for the Garrison, where the council was to be held; about 11 we were conducted into the Major's quarters to appear before Colonel Givins and a number of officers. John Sunday was the first who spoke. I interpreted for him, and lawyer Givins, acting as clerk, took down the speeches. The substance of John Sunday's speech was as follows: "That as a people they had for a long time remained in darkness and ignorance — that a short time ago their eyes were opened to see their miserable condition, when they were brought to the knowledge of the Christian religion, and since they had embraced Christianity they had settled on the Bay of Quinte; that when they considered the future welfare of their children, they found that the Island they claimed would not afford them sufficient wood and pasture for any length of time, and that they had now come to ask their great father, the Governor, for a piece of land lying near them." He then proceeded to ask the Government in what situation Big Island was considered; whether or not it belonged to the Indians? and, if it did, they asked their father to make those who had settled on it without their consent, pay them a proper rent, as they had hitherto turned them off with two bushels of potatoes for 200 hundred acres of land. In the last place he asked permission of their great father to cut some timber on the King's lands for their buildings. This Chief spoke with much freedom and energy. Captain George Pahtosh then spoke in behalf of the Rice Lake Indians, in substance as follows:That he had come up to ask of his great father some assistance; he said that having seen his brethren on his right hand and on his left comfortably situated in houses to keep themselves and their children warm — he now asked his great father for the same assistance that his brethren at the River Credit had received; that is, that the Government would let them have a tract of land lying near Captain Anderson's, and also build them a village, for which they were willing that Government should reserve a portion from their annual payments for five years. He also stated that the Grand River Indians were still making intrusions on their hunting grounds. James Ajetance, the Credit Chief, then made a short speech, as follows: — "Father, we your children living at the River Credit desire to express our thanks to our great father for his kindness towards us in settling us down, and providing comfortable houses for our families; but having heard some bad birds crying that we did not own any lands on the Credit, we wish to know from our great father how much land we really possess, as it is the desire of our young men to become farmers, (the chase being almost destroyed by the white settlements) we therefore humbly ask, our father that each of our men may have or possess as much land as one farmer holds." The officers appeared friendly to these applications, and said that the Indians had come in a good time before all the Government lands were disposed of. After the council. Colonel Givins desired my brother John and me to go to the Governor's office, as the Governor's Secretary had some communications to make to us. We accordingly went, and, after waiting an hour, were informed that owing to a multiplicity of business, they could not make the communications that day, but desired us to call to-morrow at 11 o'clock. Various were our conjectures about this strange Government proceeding.
Thursday 31st. — John and I called this morning on Dr. Strachan; he was very friendly, and made some enquiries about the general state of the Indians, and requested me to give him in writing a short statement of the condition of the Belleville and Rice Lake Indians, which I promised to do. At 11, a. m., we again appeared at the Government House, but waited till 1 o'clock before any communications were made to us, when we were summoned into the presence of Major Hillier — the Governor's Secretary, Dr. Strachan, the Attorney General, and Col. Givins. To our astonishment, we were now informed by Dr. Strachan, that the Governor did not feel disposed to assist the Indians so long as they remained under the instruction of their present teachers, who were not responsible to Government for any of their proceedings and instructions, he was therefore unwilling to give them any encouragement. But should the Natives come under the superintendence of the Established Church, then the Government would assist them as far as laid in their power. When stating their reasons for wishing us to come under the teaching of the Church of England, the Dr. and Attorney General said, that the Indians were considered by the Government to be under the war department, and therefore it was necessary that they should be under their instruction; and that another reason was, that it would make the missionary establishments more permanent; whereas at present they were liable to fluctuation, the only resource of the Methodists being that of subscriptions. It was also proposed to my brother and me, that if we would assist them in this undertaking, and come under their directions, our salaries should be increased, and we should have access to the contemplated college. We told them that their request would cause much dissatisfaction to the Methodists, as they claimed the Indians for their spiritual children, having been the first who taught them the christian religion. They replied, they could not help what the Methodists would think about it, as it was necessary the Indians should be responsible to them for their conduct. We then told them that it was not in our power to say one way or the other, but that we should leave it for the Indians to decide themselves. They requested an answer as soon as possible. Colonel Givins gave us to understand that the request of the Credit Indians would most likely meet with the approbation of the Governor, and desired John to make out a return of the number of families residing at the river Credit. We then proceeded to the quarters of the Chiefs who were waiting for answers to their petitions. When we told them what had been communicated to us, they sighed deeply, and after a long silence said, "Then all our labours have been in vain with our great father the Governor;" but John Sunday with an air of disdain replied, "We have heretofore made out to live from year to year even when we were sinners, and shall not the Great Spirit whom we now serve take care of us, and preserve us from all harm." I cautioned them not to be too much troubled about it, but to leave it to God in prayer, to which they assented.
Friday, February 1st. — This morning I carried in to Dr. Strachan the statements he requested respecting the Bellville and Rice Lake Indians, of which he approved. Our conversation turned upon the proposals, made yesterday, when I gave him to understand that I should not take any influential part in the business, but leave the matter altogether for the Indians to decide. He then told me that the Government would accomplish their design whether my brother John and I were willing or not, but added that if they had our assistance it could be accomplished sooner. About 9 o'clock, Elder Case and I started for Lake Simcoe and Newmarket; reached Mr. Hartman's, where we slept.
Saturday 2nd. — About noon left for Newmarket, where a Quarterly Meeting is to be held. Found the state of these Indians very flattering; most of them remained firm in their profession of the christian religion, and more had been added to the church since our last visit.
Sunday 3rd. — Love feast commenced at half-past 8 this morning; many of our white friends spoke of the dealings of God to them, and our Indian brethren bore a good testimony to the love of the Saviour in their hearts. An Indian from Lake Huron said, "Brothers and sisters, I will tell you what the Good Spirit has done for me: Once I was very wicked and very ignorant; but, a short time ago, I found the good way, and now I am very happy in serving the Good Spirit. I hope to see all our white brethren as well as all our Indian brethren in our father's house in heaven." An Indian woman said — "I have a long time been wandering in the forest, not knowing where I was going, but was hedged about in darkness, so that I could not see the good way; but on hearing that some of my own kinsfolk had found the Good Spirit, I started in search of them, and when I found them they told me all about what the Great Spirit had done for them; how he had sent his Son into this world to tell the Indians as well as white people what they must do to be good and serve God, and how he had died for all people, and that as many as would believe on him should be saved and go to heaven. I believed what they said, and began to call upon the Great Spirit, to forgive my sins and make me happy, so that I now see the good way, and intend to walk in it as long as I live." The holy communion was administered to a number of white people, but the ordinance was put off with the Indians till after the public service, and the baptism of a number of them. About noon Elder Case preached from the character of Abram and Lot, and the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah. I gave the substance to my native brethren, and spoke a few words to the whites. After dismissing the congregation we commenced taking the names of those who were proper subjects for baptism — the number amounted to thirty. Being placed in a row, Elder Case asked them several questions; at the end of each they answered in the affirmative, ahauh, (or yes); they were then commended to God in the solemn ordinance of baptism. They appeared much devoted to God, and to enjoy his love in their hearts. The holy sacrament was then administered to about fifty Indians, and it was a solemn time; many a tear fell from their tawny cheeks, bespeaking the sincerity of their love to the Saviour of the world. In taking down their names, we found two men had two wives, on which account we were obliged to withold the ordinance of baptism from them until they proved their determination to live like Christians, by parting from the last wife they took.
Monday, February 4th. — According to appointment, held a meeting with the Indians in the evening. Elder Case and I endeavoured to instruct them in many things in religion, industry, and economy. After this we formed them into three classes, of 25 or 30 each, and appointed two leaders to each class of the most pious and gifted amongst them.
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- ↑ The signification of a minister of authority.