Carlisle, George William Frederick Howard, seventh earl of, was born in London on the 18th April, 1802. Known then as Lord Morpeth, he greatly distinguished himself at Oxford by his fine scholarship. Soon after quitting the university he became an attachè of the embassy of St. Petersburg. He entered parliament in 1826, representing successively the town of Morpeth and the West Riding of Yorkshire. He lost his seat for the latter very important district, which he represented from 1830 to 1841, solely because of his attachment to the now triumphant doctrines of free-trade. Lord Carlisle held important offices under the various whig governments. He was chief secretary for Ireland at the time when the agitation for repeal of the union was at its height, and even then made himself popular by his urbane and conciliatory manners. In the establishment of the Irish poor-law he took an active interest. From 1846 till 1850 he was chief commissioner of woods and forests, and in the latter year succeeded Lord Campbell as chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster—a situation which he held till the return of Lord Derby to power in 1852; having meanwhile, by the death of his father in 1848, become Earl of Carlisle. Freed from the calls of official duty, he in 1853 travelled in the East, and on his return embodied his observations, and the impressions derived from his tour, in a work entitled a "Diary in Turkish and Greek Waters," in which he speaks of the fall of the Ottoman empire as certain and impending. In keeping with these views, he about the same time published a versified paraphrase and commentary on the prophecy of Daniel. After he lost his seat for the West Riding, he visited the United States. Returning to England, he in 1850 gave two lectures in the Mechanics' Institute at Leeds—one on America, and the other on the "Life and Writings of Pope." They attracted much notice at the time, not only on the ground of their acknowledged merits, but from the novelty of one in his lordship's elevated rank volunteering to lecture before an audience of mechanics; though such an act was a very natural result of his enlightened liberality of sentiment and benevolent disposition. His essay on Pope, if not remarkable for the depth or originality of its views, affords at least ample evidence of fine taste and high intellectual culture. As a speaker Lord Carlisle possessed in an eminent degree that power which sincerity and kindness of heart never fail to infuse into the utterances of an accomplished mind. In 1855, and again in 1859, he went to Ireland in the capacity of lord-lieutenant Throughout his tenure of office he was unwearied in his endeavours to develope the natural resources of the country, and to diffuse education; and no one ever more thoroughly succeeded in securing the love and esteem of the people. Ill health, however, obliged him to abandon office, and returning to England, he died after severe illness at Castle Howard, Yorkshire, on the 5th of December, 1864.—J. D.
CARLISLE, Anne, painted portraits very dexterously, and, according to Walpole, had a repute for her copies of Italian works. She died about 1680. She probably painted in oil, as well as in miniature.—W. T.
CARLISLE, Sir Anthony, a distinguished surgeon, born near Durham in the year 1768; died in London on the 2nd November, 1840. The early part of his medical education was carried on first at York, and afterwards at Durham, under Mr. Green, the founder of the hospital in that city. He afterwards went to London and entered as a pupil at the Westminster hospital under Mr. Watson, then surgeon there. On the death of Mr. Watson in 1793, Mr. Carlisle was appointed his successor. He was very early elected on the council of the College of Surgeons, and was for many years a member of the examining board, and one of the curators of the Hunterian museum. He also held the appointment of professor of anatomy and surgery, and in 1829 became president of the college. He was surgeon to George IV. when he was prince regent, who conferred knighthood upon him at the first levee he held after he became king. In 1808 he succeeded Mr. Sheldon as professor of anatomy to the Royal Academy, which office he held for sixteen years. Sir Anthony Carlisle was, when a young man, in intimate and frequent communication with John Hunter. His early literary productions were chiefly on subjects connected with the studies to which he was introduced by that great master of comparative anatomy. In 1793 he wrote a paper on a case of an unusual formation in a part of the brain; and in 1794 contributed to the Transactions of the Linnæan Society, "Observations upon the structure and economy of those Intestinal worms called Tæniæ." In 1800 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society, and contributed a paper to the Philosophical Transactions of that year, entitled "An account of a peculiar arrangement in the Arteries distributed on the Muscles of Slow-moving Animals." There are several other contributions of his in the same Transactions. In 1804 he gave the Croonian lecture on muscular motion. To medical literature Sir Anthony Carlisle made many contributions—"On the Nature of Corns and their Cure;" "A new method of applying the Tourniquet;" "On the general and indiscriminate use of Bougies;" "Letter to Sir Gilbert Blane on Blisters, Rubefacients, and Escharotics," giving an account of the employment of an instrument adapted to transmit a defined degree of heat to effect those several purposes. In 1817 he published a large work entitled "Essays on the Disorders of Old Age, and the means of prolonging Human Life;" a second edition was published in 1818. Many contributions by him to other branches of literature still exist, on plants, antiquities, and one of the most worthy of notice on "Galvanic Electricity," in Nicholson's Journal, in which he was the first to point out the fact that water might be decomposed by the galvanic battery.—E. L.
CARLOMAN: the name of some French princes of early date, of whom we notice—Carloman I., the eldest son of Charles Martel, and brother of Pepin le-Bref, who was for many years sovereign of Austrasia, Suabia, and Thuringia. He died at Vienne in Dauphiné in 755.—Carloman, second son of Pepin le-Bref, a younger brother of Charlemagne, born about 751. On the death of his father, he received as his share of the paternal dominions, Austrasia, Burgundy, and part of Aquitaine—the remainder falling to the lot of Charlemagne. He died in 771, after a reign of four years.—Carloman, third of that name, the son of Louis II., the Stammerer, was king of Aquitaine and part of Burgundy, and married a daughter of Boson, king of Provence, who was first his ally, and afterwards his enemy. In 882, on the death of his brother, Louis III., whose assistance had enabled him to overcome his numerous adversaries, Carloman became sole king of France; but two years after he died, without issue, of a wound received in hunting the wild boar.—Carloman, fourth son of Charles the Bald, lived about the end of the ninth century, and was appointed by his father abbot of St. Medard. In 870 he was accused of a conspiracy against Charles, deprived of his benefices, and put in prison at Senlis. In 871, after devastating, at the head of a band of brigands, Belgium, Lorraine, and Burgundy, he consented to return to his father, who a second time put him in prison at Senlis, and in 875 he was deposed from the office of priest by a synod assembled there, and condemned to be deprived of his eyes. He did not long survive the loss of his sight.—J. T.
CARLOMAN, king of Bavaria, was the eldest son of Louis I., king of Germany. At his father's death in 876 he succeeded to the sovereignty of Bavaria, including also Bohemia, Moravia, Carinthia, Austria, Sclavonia, and part of Hungary. He invaded Italy, and having made himself master of several towns, assumed the title of king of that country. He was ultimately defeated by the Moravians, who took up arms against his authority.—J. T.
CARLONI, Giovanni, a Genoese painter, born in 1590. He was a pupil of Pietro Sorri, and afterwards studied under Domenico Passignani at Florence. Returning to Genoa he obtained celebrity as a painter in fresco. With his brother he completed an important work in the cathedral of the Guastato at Genoa. He was subsequently invited to Milan, and died in executing the ceiling of the church of the Theatins. He was remarkable for his correct drawing and glowing colour. He died in 1630.—W. T.
CARLONI, Giovanni Battista. This painter, the younger brother of Giovanni Carloni, was born at Genoa in 1594. He studied in the school of Passignani at Florence. With his brother he painted the three naves of the cathedral at Genoa. In the same church he also painted the "Presentation in the Temple," and "Christ disputing with the Pharisees." He died at the advanced age of eighty-six. He was noted for his affluence of invention, the grace of his drawing, and the lucidity of his colour.—His son Andrea was also a painter of some note. He was born in 1639, and died in 1697.
CARLOS, Don, of Navarre, born in 1421, was son of John, brother of Alfonso V., king of Arragon, and Blanche, queen of Navarre. On the death of the latter in 1441, a contest ensued between Carlos and his father for the throne of Navarre. Carlos
