misery to which he was reduced, a fact adverted to by chroniclers who record his death at Verona in 1365.—A. C. M.
* FAZY, Jean James, a Swiss statesman and journalist, descended from a French family expatriated after the revocation of the edict of Nantes, was born at Geneva, 12th May, 1796. He was educated in France, and at an early age became connected with the Parisian press. He sought distinction in the ranks of the liberal party as a writer on financial questions, and besides articles in journals and numerous brochures, published several treatises in support of the doctrines of Smith and J. B. Say. He had a hand in the establishment of several democratic journals, and in 1830, as editor of the Revolution, signed the protest of the press against the famous ordonnances. In this journal he strenuously opposed the advent to power of the duke of Orleans, afterwards Louis Philippe. In the same year he found himself obliged by the dissensions of his party, and by difficulties with the government, to withdraw from France. He returned to Switzerland, assumed the editorship of the Revue de Genève, and in the face of overwhelming opposition commenced to organize anew the democratic party in the canton, which had long but ineffectually clamoured for a revision of the constitution. In 1846 this party, by a sudden movement, obtained possession of the government, and Fazy secured the place of honour in the new administration. He represented the canton in the diet which voted the new federal constitution in 1848. In that eventful year he endeavoured to stir up Switzerland in favour of the oppressed nationalities; and when in the following year revolution had subsided, and kings were busy with the proscription of its chiefs, he welcomed to Geneva numbers of the expatriated. He has since maintained himself in power against all opposition of the party from which, in 1846, he wrenched the reins of government.—J. S., G.
FEA, Carlo, born at Pigna, a small town in Piedmont, on the 2nd of February, 1753. He distinguished himself in archæology, and left a very voluminous work on the ruins of Rome, which is considered of great merit by antiquarians. Admitted a member of the archæological society of Rome, he largely contributed to the labours of that scientific body, under whose auspices he republished, with numerous comments and notes, Bianconi's splendid work on Roman amphitheatres. During the French occupation, Fea filled with distinction many important offices. At the restoration of the papal throne he was elected curator of Roman antiquities. He died 18th March, 1836.—A. C. M.
FEARNE, Charles, the author of the profound "Essay on Contingent Remainders and Executory Devises," was the son of Mr. Fearne who officiated as judge-advocate at the trial of Admiral Byng. He, with a brother younger than himself and a sister, were early in life left orphans, and he shared with them the not considerable patrimony of the family. He was educated at Westminster school, and was a good classic, mathematician, and mechanist. Resolving to devote himself to the study of the law, he is said, by the editor of his essay (Butler), to have sacrificed his profane library to the flames. The sacrifice was not accepted, and in his early career, he studied the law less than the improvement, not of the law, but of scarlet dye, porcelain manufacture, and muskets. For some of these projects he took out patents, and in prosecuting them and encouraging other projectors, dissipated much of his resources. Necessity drove him to the practice of the law, and he might have acquired any amount of business; but he neglected it as soon as the pressure of the necessity ceased. His celebrated work was an effort stimulated by a decision (Perrin v. Blake) of Lord Mansfield, chief-justice, contravening in favour of the intention the famous rule in Shelley's case, in conformity to which Fearne, with several lawyers of eminence (including Lord Mansfield himself when solicitor-general), had advised upon the very case which came before the court. Instead of writing a mere controversial pamphlet on the particular point in dispute, Fearne composed an essay on the subject in general, and by a masterly analysis reduced the various cases into scientific order. He combated the new doctrine of the chief-justice, and the two (out of three) puisne judges who had supported him, with a weight of authority, strength of argument, and pungency of style seldom equalled in general, and quite new to legal literature. In this contest Fearne was victorious, and the decision was reversed (4 Bur. Rep. 2579). Lord Mansfield afterwards questioned the authenticity of the opinion attributed to him. This provoked another pamphlet, and a new edition of the "Contingent Remainders," containing farther animadversion from Fearne, and an exposure still more vexatious to Lord Mansfield. The work had now expanded to a treatise. To this Fearne added another part on "Executing devises." He died in comparatively early life in the year 1791, worn out, it is said, in mind, body, and estate. He left a widow, and in 1797 for her benefit was published by subscription a selection from his written opinions on law cases, and a few other fragments under the name of "Fearne's Posthumous Works."—S. H. G.
FEATLEY or FAIRCLOUGH, Daniel, D.D., was born in 1582 at Charlton, Oxfordshire. He was admitted a scholar of Corpus Christi college, Oxford, in 1594, and in due time became a fellow of that college. On leaving the university, he became chaplain to the English ambassador at Paris, Sir Thomas Edmondes—an appointment which he held for three years, during which he excited some notice by his controversial encounters with Roman catholics. In 1613 he proceeded B. D. He was at this time chaplain to Archbishop Abbot, to whom he greatly commended himself by a disputation he held with the jesuits, an account of which was afterwards published by order of the archbishop, and from whom he soon afterwards received the rectory of Lambeth, and at later periods the living of All-hallows, Bread Street, London, and the rectory of Acton in Buckinghamshire. He took his degree of D.D. when he was appointed to the rectory of Lambeth. He was subsequently provost of Chelsea college. At Laud's trial he appeared as a witness against that prelate. In 1643 he was nominated one of the episcopal members of the Westminster assembly of divines, in the business of which he took an active part. He retained his place there after the secession of the episcopal brethren; but being accused of acting as a spy on the proceedings of the assembly, in consequence of a letter he had written to Archbishop Usher, and which was intercepted, he was not only expelled the assembly, but his livings were sequestered, and he himself committed to prison. This severe proceeding, Baxter (Life, i., p. 73) says, "much reflected on the parliament, because whatever the fact were, he was so learned a man as was sufficient to dishonour those he suffered by." Whilst in prison his love of controversy led him into several disputes. One of these was with a fellow-prisoner, Henry Denne, a baptist minister, of whose peculiar tenets Dr. Featley had always been a keen opponent, having in October, 1642, held a disputation on them with Mr. Kiffin and three other baptists, the substance of which he afterwards published under the title of "The Dipper's Dipt; or, the Anabaptists duck'd and plung'd over head and ears at a disputation in Southwark." In his dispute with Denne he seems to have got the worst, for he withdrew from it on the plea that it was dangerous to proceed farther without a license from government. His health having suffered from his confinement, he was removed to Chelsea, where he died, 17th April, 1645, in the sixty-fifth year of his age. He was the author of several works besides the one above named, among which may be mentioned,—"Ancilla Pietatis," 4to, 1626; "Clavis Mystica, handled in seventy sermons," folio, 1636; "The League illegal," 4to, 1660. Neal describes him as a little man, of warm passions, and Heylin (Hist. Presb., p. 464) accuses him of vanity. Of his learning, ingenuity, and polemical activity, his extant writings give abundant evidence.—His nephew, John Featley, who after the Restoration held a prebend in Lincoln cathedral, and a living in Northamptonshire, published an account of him under the title, "Doctor Daniel Featley revived, with his Life and Death," 12mo, 1660. John Featley was also the author of "A Divine Antidote against the Plague," 1660; and "A Fountain of Teares emptying itself into three Rivulets, viz., Compunction, Compassion, Devotion," &c., Amst., 1646.—W. L. A.
FEBRE, Valentine le, painter and engraver, was born at Brussels in 1642. He went to Italy in order to complete his studies, and remained there the rest of his life. Most of his time was spent at Venice, where he died in 1700. Le Febre painted little, and always in the manner of Paolo Veronese, of whom, according to Lanzi, he was one of the most successful imitators. He engraved chiefly the works of Veronese and Titian, and in 1680 published collections of plates from those masters in a folio volume, under the title of "Opera Selectiora quæ Titianus Vicellius Cadoriensis et Paulus Caliari Veronensis invenerunt et pinxerunt, quæque Valentinus le Febre Bruxellensis delineavit et sculpsit." A second edition appeared in 1682; and a third in 1749, with the plates retouched by
