93 THE RELATIVE PRONOUN
221. The relative pronoun in Latin is quī, quae, quod, and it is declined as follows:
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MASC. | FEM. | NEUT. | MASC. | FEM. | NEUT. | |
| Nom. | quī | quae | quod | quī | quae | quae |
| Gen. | cuius | cuius | cuius | quōrum | quārum | quōrum |
| Dat. | cui | cui | cui | quibus | quibus | quibus |
| Acc. | quem | quam | quod | quōs | quās | quae |
| Abl. | quō | quā | quō | quibus | quibus | quibus |
1. Review the declension of is, <a href = "#sec114">§ 114, and note the similarity in the endings. The forms quī, quae, and quibus are the only forms showing new endings.
Note. The genitive cuius and the dative cui are pronounced co͝oi´yo͝os (two syllables) and co͝oi (one syllable).
222. The Relative Pronoun is translated as follows:[1]
| Masc. and Fem. | Neut. | |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | who, that | which, what, that |
| Gen. | of whom, whose | of which, of what, whose |
| Dat. | to or for whom | to or for which, to or for what |
| Acc. | whom, that | which, what, that |
| Abl. | from, etc., whom | from, etc., which or what |
a. We see from the table above that quī, when it refers to a person, is translated by some form of who or by that; and that when it refers to anything else it is translated by which, what, or that.
223. Note the following sentences:
|
The Romans killed the men who were taken The Romans killed the woman who was taken Rōmānī interfēcērunt virōs quī captī sunt Rōmānī interfēcērunt fēminam quae capta est |
In the first sentence who (quī) refers to the antecedent men (virōs), and is masculine plural. In the second, who (quae) refers to woman (fēminam), and feminine singular. From this we learn that the relative must agree
- ↑ 1. This table of meanings need not be memorized. It is inserted forreference when translating.
