152 THE SUBJUNCTIVE OF PURPOSE
349. Rule. Subjunctive of Purpose. The subjunctive is used in a dependent clause to express the purpose of the action in the principal clause.
350. A clause of purpose is introduced as follows:
I. If something is wanted, by
- quī, the relative pronoun (as above)
- ut, conj., in order that, that
- quō (abl. of quī, by which), in order that, that, used when the purpose clause contains a comparative. The ablative quō expresses the measure of difference. (Cf. § 317.)
II. If something is not wanted, by
- nē, conj., in order that not, that not, lest
351.
EXAMPLES
| 1. |
Caesar cōpiās cōgit quibus hostīs īnsequātur Cæsar collects troops with which to pursue the foe |
| 2. |
Pācem petunt ut domum revertantur They ask for peace in order that they may return home |
| 3. |
Pontem faciunt quō facilius oppidum capiant They build a bridge that they may take the town more easily (lit. by which the more easily) |
| 4. |
Fugiunt nē vulnerentur They flee that they may not (or lest they) be wounded |
352. Expression of Purpose in English. In English, purpose clauses are sometimes introduced by that or in order that, but much more frequently purpose is expressed in English by the infinitive, as We eat to live, She stoops to conquer. In Latin prose, on the other hand, purpose is never expressed by the infinitive. Be on your guard and do not let the English idiom betray you into this error.
353.
EXERCISES
I.
1. Veniunt ut |
dūcant, mittant, videant, audiant, dūcantur, mittantur, videantur, audiantur. |
2. Fugimus nē |
capiāmur, trādāmur, videāmus, necēmur, rapiāmur, resistāmus. |
