724 Outlines of European History Nile, i8ff.; Delta of, i8ff.; First Cataract of, i8; historical value of, 26; voyage up, 42 ff. ; Fourth Cataract of, 46 ; Nubian, Fig. 30 Nimes (nem), 283, 285 Nineveh (nin'e ve), 72, ']'] ff. Nobility, origin of titles of, 378 Nobles, age of, in Greece, 136 ff.; expansion in, 146 ff. Nogaret, 492 Norman Conquest of England, 405 ff. ; results of, 410 f. Normandy, 406 f., 416, 418 Northmen, 386; invasion of Eng- land by, 405, 408 Notre Dame (no'tr dam), 46, 510 Nuremberg, 504 Oc ta'vi an, 271 ff. O'de on, 234 O do a'cer, 320 Odysseus (0 dis'us), 142 Od'ys sey, 142 f. Old Testament, 108, 232 Olympic Games, 133, 140 O lym'pus, 124 f., 126 Oracles, 162, 251 f. Orange, William of, 629 ff. . Ordeals, 331 Orient, Late Stone Age Europe and, 14 ff.; history of, 17-110; influence on ^gean world, 1 1 6 f . ; influence on Mediterranean world, 236f. ; influence on Roman Empire, 275, 295 ff. ; European relations with, 472 f., 503 Orleans, House of, 435; Maid of, 431 f- O ron'tes, 230 O sfris, 27, 52, 297 f. Ostracism, 158, 180 Os'tro goths. See East Goths Otto I, the Great, of Germany, 438 ff. Oxford, University of, 546 Ox'us River, 223 575 Paestum (pes'tum), 147 Palatinate, elector of the Rhenish, 691 Palatine Hill, 248 f. Palestine, 57 ff., 89, loi ff., 107 f, Pan-Athenaic Festival, 185, 189 and Fig. 92 Papacy, origin of, 340 f . See Pope Papal States, 516 Paper and paper-making, 22 f., 37, 140 ; introduction of, in western Europe, 556 Pa py'rus, 22 f., 37, 140, 237, 378 Parchment, use of, 379 Paris, University of, 545 Parliament, EngHsh, 421 f., 494; kneehng," 617; struggle of, with Stuarts, 659 f. ; Long, 667 Par me'ni 0, 219 f., 223, 228 Par nas'sus. Mount, 161 Parsifal, 541 Par'thenon, 137, 182, 186, 188 ff., Plate III, Plate IV Parlhi ans, 230 f. Pasargadae (pa sar'ga de), 99 Paschal II, Pope, 451 Patricians, 252 f. Pau sa'ni as, 177 Pavia (pave'a), battle of, 609 Peasants, medieval, 394 ff.; revolt of, in England, 430, 495 ; revolt of, in Germany, 598 f. Peasants' Rebellion, 430, 495 Pel 6 pon ne'sian War, 184, 196 ff. Peloponnesus, 126 Penance, 480 Pens, earliest use of, 22 f. Pen teric marble, 186 Per'ga mum, 231, Fig. 112 Per i an'der, 1 59 Per'icles, 181 ff., 188, 197 f. Peri pa tet'ics, 235 Persecution in England, 618 and note Per sep'o lis, 97, 99 Persian Empire, the, 95 ff. Persians, early, 87 ff., 95; literature, 91 f., 94; religion, 93 ff., 100 f.; war and weapons, 95 ff., 162 ff., . 166 ff.; commerce, 98 ff. ; state, 98 ; writing, 98 ; art and archi- tecture, 99 ; civilization, 99 ; ships, 99 f. Per'sis, 154 Peter the Hermit, 463
