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sound from a speaker of Irish. Note that “s” is never pronounced “z,” or “zh,” as in the English words “was,” “occasion,” etc.

§ 34. THE IRISH LETTERS r AND s:

r broad	is sounded like	r	in § 33,	above
r slender[1]	„	r	„
s broad	„	s	„
s slender	„	sh	„

§ 35. VOCABULARY.

ag (og)[2], preposition, at	fós (fōs), yet, still, also
bog (bug), soft	sé (shae), he
bróg (brōg), a shoe	sí (shee), she
dún (dhoon), noun, a fort	stól (sthōl), stool.
fada (fodh-ă). long	te (te[3]), hot, warm
fág (faug), verb, leave (thou)	tír (teer), country, land
	tirim (tir′-im), dry

§ 36. The verb atá often corresponds to the English “there is,” “there are;” as atá bo ag an tobar, there is a cow at the well; atá bó agus asal ag an tobar, there are a cow and an ass at the well.

§ 37. Translate into English:—Atá tú óg fós. Atá sé óg agus árd. Atá an gort fada agus glas. Atá bó ag an tobar úr. Atá an tobar tirim. Atá an tobar

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1. At the beginning of a word r is never pronounced r.
2. Before a consonant, or a slender vowel, ag is usually pronounced (eg).
3. Almost like che in chess