Page:The American Indian.djvu/489

Hemlock bark, made into bread-like food, 15

Hereditary right, to community functions, 174-175

Heyoka cult, 189

Hidatsa, 25, 27, 34, 158, 161, 170, 208, 348

Hierarchy, priestly in region of high cultures, 180; supernatural, complexity of Maya and Aztec, 183; supernatural, of the Pueblo, 183

Historical, chronologies, New World, 271-272; conception of culture, 352-254; connection, North Pacific Coast area with Columbia Basin, 260; connection, types of glazed pottery, 257; types of Pueblo houses, 257; data, Nahua culture, 227

History, Aztec, 272; of man, Old World, 275; Inca, 271; Maya, 271; Mexico, Peru, and Yucatan, chronologies based upon, 270

Hoe, distribution of, 25-27

Hogan, Navajo, 109, 111

Hokan, in California, 292; linguistic stocks grouped under, 285, 369; proposed name for combined stocks, 372

Hopewell mound culture, 253

Horned serpent concept, wide distribution of, 199

Horse, complex, taken over as a whole by New World natives, 346; cultivator, first in England, 25; culture, 37; culture, acquired in the New World, 37-38; culture, differences between North and South America, 38; culture, guanaco area, 132, 234; culture, New World, 345-346; culture, Spanish, 343

Horses, introduction of, 11, 12, 233

House of the Nuns, groundplan of, 102

Houses, adobe and stone, 104; Amazon tribes, 239; California area, 212; Chibcha area, 230; Déné area, 219; earth-covered, 112; Eastern Woodland area, 221; Eskimo, 111-112, 215-216; guanaco area, 234; nomadic tribes, 226; Northern California, 213; North Pacific Coast, 213, 215; Plateau area, 209, 210; Pueblo area, 224, 257-258; Southeastern area, 223; southwestern Déné, 218; stone, distribution of, 112; totem pole, North Pacific Coast, 110; types and distribution, northern South America, 106-107; types and distribution, 108-112; underground, 111

Huaca, defined, 181, 201

Human, carrier, prevailing mode of transport, New World, 37, 39; flesh, eaten by Gulf tribes, 223

Hunting areas, 8-14; interior Amazon Basin, 23; methods of, 10, 11, 217, 221; Inca, 22; Pueblo area, 225; Southeastern area, 223

Hymn, Inca, 141-142

Ice, time allowed since last retreat of, in the New World, 317

Ideals, for the young in the New World, 178

Immigrant populations, in the United States, rapid change in cephalic index, 303

Immigration, American natives, northwestern route, 311

Implements, copper, Great Lakes area, 253-254; stone and bone, Columbia Basin, 259; stone, chronological series of, 115; types of, Ecuador, 265; types of, Patagonia, 268; types of, Venezuela, 265

Inca, 92, 100, 104, 106, 113, 121, 131, 137, 141, 149, 150, 157, 162, 173, 174, 175, 181, 183, 185, 187, 190, 198, 200, 201, 228, 232, 243, 266, 271, 272; area, characterization of culture, 231-232; controlled Ecuador at Spanish Conquest, 21; food, 22

Incense burning, universal distribution, 200

Incised designs, 85

Incising, of pottery, 75

Indemnity, in payment for crime, 170, 171

Independent development, Plains art, 84; New World cultures, 357, 359; theory, 342-343