River, 18 miles above Philadelphia, and on the Pennsylvania Railroad (Map: New Jersey, C 3). Burlington has a public library, and is the seat of Burlington College, founded in 1846, and Saint Mary's Hall for girls (Protestant Episcopal). There are manufactures of shoes, stoves, iron pipe, carriages and harness, and canned goods. Burlington is governed under a charter of 1851 (revised 1868), which provides for a mayor, elected every three years, and a municipal council. The city owns and operates its water-works. Population, in 1890, 7264; in 1900, 7392.
Burlington was settled in 1677 by London and Yorkshire Friends, and before receiving its present name, was called first New Beverly, and then Bridlington. After 1686, until Trenton was made the capital of New Jersey, the Legislature met alternately at Perth Amboy and Burlington. A city charter, granted by Governor Cosby in 1733, was confirmed by the Legislature in 1744, and in 1784 a new charter was issued. The city was fired upon by the English and Hessians in 1776, and again in 1778, when much property was destroyed, though no lives were lost. Consult Woodward, History of Burlington and Mercer Counties (Philadelphia, 1883).
BURLINGTON. A city, port of entry, and county-seat of Chittenden County, Vt., 40 miles west by north of Montpelier, on the eastern shore of Lake Champlain, and on the Rutland and Central Vermont railroads (Map: Vermont, A 4). Burlington has a beautiful situation on high ground, and is laid out in broad, well-shaded streets. In the centre of the city is a large public square, near which are the handsome court-house, the city hall, the United States post-office and custom-house, and the Young Men's Christian Association building and the site of the new public library. The University of Vermont and State Agricultural College (q.v.), founded in 1791, is finely located on a hill; the Billings Library, designed by H. H. Richardson, is the most notable of its buildings. Among other features of the city are the Fletcher Free Library, the Howard Opera House, the Masonic Temple, the Roman Catholic cathedral, Saint Paul's Episcopal Church, the Mary Fletcher Hospital, Home for Destitute Children, Louisa Howard Mission, Providence Asylum, Saint Patrick's Academy, Saint Mary's Academy, Bishop Hopkins Hall, Edmunds High School, Vermont Episcopal Institute, Battery and College parks, the latter containing a statue of Lafayette, and two cemeteries—Lake View, situated near the lake, and Green Mount, overlooking the Winooski Valley, and containing the grave of Col. Ethan Allen, with a monument. An artificial breakwater forms a safe harbor, connected by steam and sailing vessels with leading ports on the lake. Burlington is one of the largest lumber markets in the country, the product being brought principally from Canada; and extensive quarries of marble, limestone, and other building-stone in the vicinity furnish material for another branch of its commerce. There are also important manufactures, to some extent promoted by the water-power furnished by the Winooski River, which include lumber, furniture, chairs, refrigerators, packing-boxes, brushes, patent medicines, cotton and woolen goods, paper, etc. Under a revised charter of 1896, the government is vested in a mayor, annually elected; a city council, of which the executive is a member; and administrative officials, the majority elected by the council. The water-works are owned and operated by the municipality. Population, in 1880, ll,365; in 1890, 14,590; in 1900, 18,640.
Burlington was chartered in 1763, but no settlement was made until about 1774, and it was not regularly organized as a town until 1797. In 1809 the Vermont, one of the first steamboats to be built in the country, was launched here. Burlington was chartered as a city in 1865.
See Vol. I. of Vermont Historical Gazetteer (4 vols., Burlington, 1867-82), and a sketch in the New England Magazine (Vol. XI, second series).
BURLINGTON ARCADE, The. A paved and roofed passage, raised a few steps above the street, running between Piccadilly and Burlington Gardens, London. On each side are small, open-fronted shops, where minor wares of all sorts can be purchased.
BURLINGTON HOUSE. An old mansion in Piccadilly, London, between Old Bond and Sackville streets, built for Richard, Lord Burlington, in 1695-1743. It was a meeting-place of Eighteenth-Century notables, and is still a literary and scientific centre. It was purchased by the British Government in 1854. On part of the old garden stands the new Burlington House, finished in 1872, the home of the Royal, Geological, and Antiquarian Societies, and other learned bodies.
BURLINGTON LIMESTONE. A limestone of Carboniferous age, and a valuable material for building, found in abundance near Burlington, Iowa, and elsewhere in the Mississippi Valley. It is divisible into two members, the upper one being nearly pure carbonate of lime, the lower one containing magnesia. This formation is peculiar for the abundance of fossils found in it, especially of Crinoidea and corals.
BURLOS, bōōr′lṓs (from the cape Brullus). A lagoon in the Nile delta, Egypt, beginning about 5 miles east of Rosetta. It extends eastward for about 38 miles, and is separated by a narrow strip of land from the Mediterranean, with which it communicates through a narrow channel (Map: Egypt, D 1).
BUR′MA (corrupted from Mrumurā, Myomma, Barma, Bamu, probably connected with the introduction of Brahmanism). The largest and easternmost province of British India. It is included within the parallels of 10° and 28° N., and the meridians 92° and 101° E., and extends from the southern border of Tibet far down into the Malay peninsula, with a total length of 1250 miles. The eastern boundary of Burma follows a meridian approximately throughout the whole extent from north to south. The east and west extent, however, varies extremely, the country beginning at the south as a strip of territory 30 or 40 miles wide, and broadening toward the west, at about latitude 16° or 17° N., to a width of 200 miles. Above latitude 20° it again broadens slightly toward both east and west, reaching its greatest width of about 550 miles in latitude 21° N. North of
