JOBSON. 234 OODHPUR. Egypt, Ceylon, Bombay, and the Holy Land (18(i2). Consult his life by Gregory (London, 18S4). JOB'S TEARS, CuU Lachryma-Johi. An East Indian cereal of stout habit, botanicallj' allied to maize, like which it sometimes reaches a height of eight feet. It derives its name from the tear- like form of the hard, shining. bluish-«hite seeds, which are sometimes made into bracelets, necklaces, and rosaries, and are also used for food in India, where it is somewhat cultivated. It has become naturalized in 8pain and Portu- gal, where flour is occasionally made from it. It is cultivated as a curiosity in the United States and clsewliere. JOB'S WIFE, Lamentation- of. See Apocrt- Pli.v. old Tfstaiiient. JOCAS'TA. In Greek legend, the mother and wife of Uidipus (q.v.). JOCELIN DE BRAKELOND, jos'lin do brak'lond. An English monk who nourished a.d. 1200, the author of a chronicle of Saint Edmund's Abbey. He was trained as a novice under .Sam- son of Tottington, in 1182 became chaplain to Samson, was elected abbot in that year, and was later successively guest-master ( ll'Jl'-1200) and almoner (1212)". He is characterized as ex- tremely devout. He wrote a chronicle of Saint Edmunds from 1173 to 1202. which was carefully edited bj' J. G. Rokewood for the Camden Society (London, 1840). and of which striking use has been made by Carlyle in Past and Pi'csent (1843; book ii., "The Ancient ilonk"). JOCHMUS, yoG'moos, August Giacomo, Barim dc Cotignola (180S-81). A German soldier of fortune, born at Hamburg. He was engaged in business, then studied military science in Paris, and in 1827 went to (Greece, where he served under General Church, and in 1832 became Minister of War. But the Xational Party forced him to leave three years afterwards; he went from Eng- land with the Foreign legion to Spain: in 1838 he was back in England, and Palnierston sent him to Constantinople to plan the Syrian cam- paign with Ponsonby. In 1840 he went to Syria, was promoted to division commander in the Turkish Army, and was chief of staff in the al- lied army which captured Acre. After that bat- tle he became commander-in-chief of the Turkish army of occupation, and later Jlinister of War. He returned to Germany in 1848. and a year later was appointed by the Vicar of Germany. Archduke .Jolui, lm))erial Minister of the Xavy and of Foreign Affairs, a post which he held until December, 1840. when he retired. He was ni.ide lieutenant-field-marshal commanding a division in the Austrian Army in 18.59, but did no further fighting. He wrote Der sijiische Kricg und der VerfaU des Osmanenrcichs seit IS-'iO (1856). His collected works, edited by Thomas (1883-84), contain his correspondence with Archduke John of Austria. JOCRISSE, zh6'kris'. A character in French popular comedy, first seen toward the end of ' the sixteenth century. He usually represents a stupid countrsTiian. and became well known in the eighteenth century through Dorvigny's Le desespofr de Jocrififtr. The name is popu- larly used also of a married man too much con- cerned with domestic matters. JODELLE, zhft'del', Etie.n.ve. Sieur de Ly- modin ^l>J32-73). A Frencli dramatic poet, painter, sculptor, engraver, and arcliiteet, and member of the Pleiade (q.v.), sometimes called, though with insullicient reason, the founder of French tragedy and comedy, tlie former by his (Icopiilrc taptifi: (1.552) and Didon sc sairi/iant (before 1558), the latter by Euyine. In a sense these were the first "regular' French dramas, though they were so solely through imitation of Latin dramatists in work that apjjealed only to scholarly imagination. However industriously imitated, they hail no liold on the popular stage, which till the time of Alexandre Hardy (q.v.) was untouched by the scholastic spirit. There is a modern edition of JodcUe's ll'or/,s by Marty- Laveaux (Paris, 1808-70). Consult Faguet. La Iraqi'dic f>-ant;aisc au XVUme siiclc (Paris, 1883). JODELN, yo'deln (dialectic Ger. ). A pecu- liar iiKuincr of singing by using the falsetto voice in luuiiionic progressions, with sudden and im- cxpeelid changes to notes of the chest register. It exists chietly among the Tyrolese and the Swiss. JODHPUR, j6d-poor', or MAR'WAR. Tlie largest of the native llaj])utana States, India (ilap: Imlia, B 3). It is bounded on the north by Bikanir and Jaipur, on the oast by .Jaipur and Kisliangarh, on the south by Palanjiur and Sirohi, and on the west by the Rann of Cutch. Area, 34,903 square miles. It is traversed by the Luni, which divides the State into unequal portions. The surface is that of an imdulating plain rising toward the east in the Aravalli Mountains. The valley of the river and the soutlieast are fertile, and cotton and wheat are largely grown. Iron. zinc, and salt are the chief minerals; marble is quarried and woolens are manufactured. Capital. .Jodhpur. Population, in 189L 2..521.700; in 1901, 1,930,000. JODHPUR. The capital of the native Rajpu- tana State of Jodhpur, or Manvar, India, 98 miles west of Ajmere, with which it is connected by rail (Map: India, B 3). It is situated on the south slope of a range of red sandstone hills, and is surrounded by a wall six miles in circuit and pierced by seven gates. It is dominated by an imposing fortress 300 feet high, containing some interesting ancient palaces and the Maha- rajah's treasury. Several magnificent tanks sup- ply the fortress with water by means of pipes, and the town also has elaborately constructed and deep wells, richly carved temples and houses, hospitals, a college, flour-mills, a wheat market, a steam tramway, and public ganlens. The Dar- bar High School occupies the Tahiti Mai, an old palace. The palace of the present Maharajah and his predecessor are on the southeast; the town is electrically lighted. The .Jubilee buildings, the public otHces of the British Agent, are fine modern buildings in the native style of architecture. .Jodh- pur has well-established !)anking institutitms and is a flourishing conunercial centre. It has manu- factures of hardware anrl ivory, and an active trade in the products of the .State. The Maha ilandir. or 'great temple.' one-half mile to the northeast, occupies a wall-inclosed suburb of 800 houses, to which it gives its name. .Jodhpur was founded in 1459. the prior capital having been Mandor, three miles north, which has interesting
