JOKAI. 273 JOLIET. liut his writings present a splendid panorama of tlie political and social lile of Hungary, par- ticularly duriug the nineteenth century, and more especially the period of his countr3's regenera- tion (1825-48;, the Revolution, and the epoch of reaction. Consult L. SGvy, M. Jukai (Budapest, 181)4) (in Hungarian). JOKJOKARTA, jok'yo-kiir'ta. The capital of a native vassal State on the island of Java, Dutch East Indies, pleasantly situated a sliort distance from the southern coast "260 miles by rail east-southeast of Batavia (Jlap: East Indies, I) 6). It is a regularly built and fortified town, and the seat of the native Sultan, and of the Dutch resident. Population, in 1895, 58,299. In the vicinity is a magnificent water palace, con- structed about 1750. Its paradise gardens and beautiful lakes with luxurious water chambers were the resort of the former Sultans in their leisui'e hours. It is now in a condition of decay, and visited only by tourists. JOK'TAN (Heb. yoA^nw). According to Gen. X. 25-30, son of Eber. a descendant of Sliem, and progenitor of the older Arabian tribes. In the tradition of the Arabs Joktan is identified with Kahtan. the ancestor of the South Arabian clans. The traditions are not thought to have historical value. JO'LA, or FEL'IiTJP. Negroes along the Gambia River, on the extreme west coast of Africa. They belong to the IMande. Mandingan, or Mandenke linguistic group. They are true negroes, tall (07 inches in stature I. dolicho- cephalic, and not at all attractive. Both se.xes wear little or no clothing. They are the principal tribe in the region, and have imposed their dia- lect upon other ^Mandingan tribes in the neighbor- hood. In seme locations they are spoken of as gentle, frank, and honest: in others, they are said to be cruel and always at war with their neigh- bors. In their own country there is neitlier law nor government, nor any formality in marriage. They do not count beyond ten. Consult JIadrolla, En'Onince (Pari.s, 1895) . See also Maxdixgo. JCLIBA. A river of Africa. See Niger. JOLIBOIS, zho'le'bwa', Clacde Emile (1813 — ) . A French archieologist. born in Chamnont- en-Bassigny, and educated there. In 1845 he was made professor of history in the Colmar Lyceum, but was dismissed four years later on account of his political views, which involved him in fur- ther trouble through the promulgation of them in his newspaper, Le Republicain dti Rhiii. which was suppressed. He was imprisoned (1851-53), upon his release took up his abode in Paris, and in 1859 was made archivist of the Department of Tarn, where he gained medals and honors for the literarv' work done in connection therewith. His jjublications include: a translation of Chroniqites de Vereche de Langres (1843) : L'histoire de la ville de liethel (1846) ; L'hisinirc de la ville de fhnumnnt (1856) : La roue de fortune (1857). which is the translation of the fourteenth-century genealogical romance: La Baule-Marne nriririine et niodi'nir (1801) : L'hixtoire des eonxuh de la xille d'Alhi (1865) : Alhi au moijen ufje (1871) : and Drraxtatiri)! de VAIbigeois par les compa- (7HO)i.<i de ^fon^uc (1872). JCLIET. A city and the county-seat of Will County, 111.. 40 miles southwest of Chicago; on the Dci Plaines River, and the Illinois and Michi- gan Canal, and on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe, the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific, the Chicago and Alton, the Elgin, Joliet and Eastern, the Chicago, Lake Shore and Eastern, and the ilichigan Central railroads (Map: Illi- nois, D 2 I . The city has the State penitentiary, a public library with over 15,000 volumes. Saint Joseph's and Silver Cross hospitals, the Illinois Steel Company's Athenieum, a club-house for working men, and Saint Francis and Saint Mary academies. The tow'nship high school, which cost over $250,000, is a large building, splendidly equipped. Among the pleasure grounds. Bush Park is worthy of mention. Industrial interests are represented by the plants of the Illinois Steel Company, American Steel and Wire Company, and the American Tin Plate Company, which are among the largest steel concerns in the country; also by stove and boiler works, machine-shops, agricultural implement works, boot and shoe fac- tories, flour-mills, breweries, etc. Several of the largest limestone-quarries in the United States are found here. The manufacturing is largely promoted by power from the river and canal. Joliet is governed, under a revised charter of 1891, by a mayor elected every two years, a city council, and administrative officials chosen by popular vote. The water-works are owned and operated by the municipality. The town, named after the famous explorer, was settled about 1831, and was organized as a citv in 1852. Population, in 1S90, 237264: in 1900, 29,353. JOLIET, zhcriya'. CiiARLES (1832—). A French journalist and author. He w'as born at Saint Hippolyte-sur-le-Doubs, in the Department of Doubs, and was educated at the College of Chartres and the Lyceum of Versailles. In 1854 he entered the civil service. He varied his official labors by dilettante journalism, and in 1859 published L'esprit de Diderot. His anagrammatic pseudonym, J. Telio, became well known, and in 1864 he abandoned his official position and thenceforward devoted himself to journalism and miscellaneous literature. His early successes were Le roman de detix jeiines maries (1866) and Mademoiselle Cherubin (1870). His fame was enhanced during the Franco-CJerman 'U'ar( 1870-71 ) , and subsequently, by his novels treating of incidents during that turbulent period; among the more important of these are: Les romaiis patriotiques (1871) ; Le train des maris (1872) ; Trois uhlans (1872) ; and La foire avx chagrins (1873). His later works include: Carmagnol (1876); La vipire (1880). a study of a woman; J,e crime du pont de Chatou (1882) ; Le medeein des dome.'!( 1885) ; and Violette (1890), portraying the miseries and splendors of an actress. JOLIET, Louis (1645-1700). An explorer of the Jlississippi Valley. He was a Canadian by birth, and was educated for the priesthood in the Jesuits' College at Quebec. His inclination drew Iiim toward the woods, and he soon became known as a voiiageur. In 1669 he went with a party to search for copper on the shores of Lake Superior, and to discover a more direct route from the up- per lakes to ^Montreal. He penetrated as far west as Sault Sainte Marie. In 1672 .Joliet was selected by Frontenae, then newly appointed Governor of Canada, to explore the course of the ilississippi. which was supposed to empty into the 'Sea' of California. In December he reached ^lackinaw. where he found P^re Marquette (q. v.) and remained during the winter. The voyage of
