KAUFMANN. 415 KAULBACH. Senator Revels." He published an American Painting Book (Boston, 1871). KAUKATJNA, ka-ka'na. A city in Outa- gamie Cuuuty, Wis., seven miles east by north of Appleton; on the Fox River, and on the Chicago and Northwestern Railroad (ilap: Wisconsin, E 4 ) . It has good water-power, used by a number of the industrial establishments, which include, besides the shops of the Chicago and North- western Railroad, pulp and paper mills, flour- mills, brick and tile works, a planing-mill, a foundry and nuichine-shop, etc. The water-works are owned by the municipality. Population, in 1890, t(iG7; in 1900, 5115. KAULBACH, koullxiG. Fbiedrick (1822- 190:i). A German historical and portrait painter, born at Arolsen, Waldeck, a nephew and pupil of Wilhelm von Kaulbach in Munich. Although his "Coronation of Charlemagne" (1869, ilaximili- aneuni, ilunicli) proves his ability for composi- tions on a large scale, he excelled chiefly in portraiture, and was much employed by royalty. Among his best portraits are those of the Em- press Elizabeth of Austria, and of the sculptor Elisabetli Ney (1860, Hanover Jluseuni). He was appointed Court painter and professor at the Polytechnic Institute in Hanover, and in 1874 was elected a member of the Berlin Academy. KAULBACH, Friedrich August von (1850 — ) . A German historical, genre, and portrait painter. He was born in Munich, the son of Friedrich Kaulbach, and became the pupil of Diez, having received his preliminary training under Kroling and Raupp at the School of Arts in Nuremberg. The elegant treatment and bril- liant coloring of his genre scenes in the spirit of the German renaissance and his masterly por- traits won for him speedy recognition, and may be judged by such works as "Cavalier and Lady's ilaid" (1873), '-Family Festival in May" (1879, Dresden Gallery), and the portraits of his wife (Frieda Scotta, the violinist), his father, of Prin- cess Gisela, the Prince Regent of Bavaria, and many others. Of religious subiects, he painted an "Entombment" (1892. New Pinakothek, Municli). His exquisite paintings on fans and his carica- tures also deserve special comment. From 1S8G to 1^91 he was director of the Munich Academy, succeeding Piloty. He was made a member of the Berlin Academy and was awnrdcd the great gold medal at the Berlin exhibition in 188Xi. For his biography, consult Graul (Vienna, 1890), and Rosenberg (Bielefeld, 1901). KAULBACH, Hermax.x ( 1846— ) . A German genre painter, born in ilunieh, the son of Wil- helm von Kaulbach. He studied under Piloty and tre.ats interesting subjects, for the greater part historical genre scenes, with rare coloristic charm and minuteness of detail. Especially note- worthy are: "Hansl and Gretl with the Witch" (1872. Municipal Gallery, Riga); "Last Days of Mozart" (187.3, Municipal Gallery. Vienna) ; "Sebastian Bach Playing the Organ Before Fred- erick the Great" (1875); "Coronation of Saint Elizabeth" (1886, Wiesbaden Gallery): "At a Friend's Grave" (1888, New Pinakothek, :Iu- nicli). He was made professor in 1878. KAULBACH. Wilhelm von (1805-74). A German historical painter. He was born at Arolsr-n. Westphalia. October 15. 1805. His first lessons in design were from his fnther. a goldsmith and line-engraver, and in 1821-25 he studied at Diisseldorf under Cornelius and Mosler. He followed Cornelius to Municli in 1826, and decorated the Odeon thei'e with frescoes of Apollo and the iluseSj in the style of his master. In the same style are his frescoes in the arcades of the Court garden, with figures of Bavaria and her four chief rivers. Of quite different char- acter was his "Madhouse" ("Irrenhaus," 1834), based on reminiscences of an insane asjdum at Diisseldorf, which lie decorated with frescoes — - an intensely naturalistic production. His six- teen frescoes of the story of Cupid and Psyche, in Prince Maximilian's palace, on the other hand, were antique in style. Besides the foregoing, Kaulbach designed for King Louis the decora- tions of the Kiinigsbau with subjects from IClop- stock, Wieland, and Goethe. In 1834 he finished the cartoon of the "Battle of the Iluns." His "Destruction of Jerusalem by Titus," designed in 1837-38, is a strange conglomeration of history and symbolism. There is a fine replica in oil in the Munich Pinakothek. In 1847 Kaulbach succeeded Cornelius as direc- tor of the Munich Academy. In his designs for frescoes for the exterior of the New Pinakothek, glorifying the development of the arts under Louis I., he introduced an element of satire which aroused great opposition. His decorations for the staircase of the Berlin iluseum (1847-60) are an apotheosis of the evolution of human cul- ture, in six colossal mural paintings, representing the chief epochs: "The Fall of Babel," "Greek Culture," "Destruction of Jerusalem." "Battle of the Hims," "The Crusaders Before Jerusalem," Age of the Reformation." In 1859 he painted "Otho III. in the Vault of Charlemagne," for the (jcrmanic iluseum at Nuremberg. His satire liad already excited the wrath of the Ultramon- tane Party, and Kaull)ach retorted in 1871 with a grisaille cartoon in oil of Peter Arbues. His last works, like the "Battle of Salamis," in the Maximiliancum. JIunich, and "Nero." show de- cline. During this period he painted a number of portraits, severe and noble in style, among the best of which are one of himself, in the Germanic iluseum, Nuremberg, and Louis I. and Maximi- lian II., in the New Pinakothek. He was loaded with honors, German and foreign, being made an officer of the Legion of Honor and corre- sponding member of the Institut de France, Grand Commander of the Order of Saint Michael, etc. He died of the cholera at Munich, April 7, 1874. Kaulbach is well known as a designer for en- gravings. In this work his satire and skillful portrayal of character had full play. He made a thorough study of Hogarth, as is evident in his illustrations of Schiller's Verhrccher cms ver- lorener Ehre, and Goethe's Faust. He also de- signed a "Shakespeare Gallerie" and a "Goethe Gallerie." Best of all are his illustrations of Goethe's Reineke Fuchs, in imitation of Grand- ville's l?cenes de la vie den animaux. Kaulbach's works express the historical knowl- edge and philosophic thought of his age. He was endowed by nature with a fine sense of form and a strong power of characterization, but under the inJluenee of the Cornelian School his figures became sensuous, and his characterization de- generated into satire. Among his sitters were the Empress of Austria. Frederick William as Crown Prince and his three sons, nnd Prince Albrecht of Prussia. Consult: H. Miiller, Wilhelm von Kaul-
