LOVEJOY. 496 LOVELL. with another press, and on September 8, 1836, he began the publication of the .l//on Observer. During tlie following year he became an out- spoken abolitionist, and advocated the formation of a State anti-slavery society in Illinois. The direct result was a visit, in August, 1837. from another pro-slavery mob, which wrecked the Ob- server ollice and destroyed the press. A third press was bought, only to be at once destroyed upon its arrival. A fourth was then procured and placed in a warehouse imder guard of twenty or more aruicd citizens. At about midnight on November 7, 18.37, the place was attacked by thirty or forty men. who, after being warned, were fired upon, and one man was killed. Un- dismayed by this fatality, one of the assailants attempted to set the warehotise on fire, where- upon Lovejoy stepped out of the building to shoot him, but was himself .shot and mortally wounded. The garrison then surrendered, and the press was destroyed. This event caused great excitement throughout the country. Henry Tan- ner, one of the defenders of the warehouse, wrote The Marlyrdoni of Luvrjoy {Chicago, 1881 ). Con- sult also: J. C. and Owen Lovejoy's Memoir (New York, 1838) ; Garrison, William Lloyd Garrison (New York, 1885) ; and a chapter, "The Alton Tragedy," in May's Some lyirollectioiis of Our Anti-Siavery Coiiflief (Boston, 1869). LOVEJOY, OwE>r (1811-04). An American abolitionist, brother of Elijah P. Lovejoy (q.v.). He was born at Albion. jMaine: was educated at Bowdoin College, and removed to Alton, 111., where he witnessed the death of his brother. A man of powerful physique, intense feeling, and great magnetism, he preached and lectured against slavery with a passionate energy that carried the people with him. In 1838 he became pastor of a Congregational church in Princeton, 111., where he distinguished himself by the bold- ness of his attacks upon slavery from the pulpit, and his open defiance of the laws prohibiting anti-slavery meetings. In 1834 he resigned his pastorate to accept a seat in the Legislature. From 1850 until his death he was a meml)er of Congress, where he took an active part in the parliamentary conflicts that preceded the Civil War. LOVEL. ( 1 ) In Charles Lamb's Old Benehers of the Inner Temple, a character representing the author's father. (2) In Scott's novel The Anti- quary, a young man, also known as Major Neville. later discovered to be the son of Lord Glenallan. LOVELACE. In Richardson's ■Clarissa JJar- loice, a finished libertine, based upon Lothario in Rowe's Fair Penitent. LOVELACE, luv'las. Francis (c.l618-c.l675). A Colonial Governor of New York. He was the second son of the first Baron Lovelace, and was born in the Parish of Hurley. Berkshire. He adhered to the royal cause during the Puri- tan Revolution and the period of the Common- wealth, and in 1068 was rewarded with the ap- pointment of 'Governor of New York to succeed Richard Nicholls. Lovelace allowed religious freedom and encouraged trade and the fisheries, but he refused all demands for representative government, levied heavy taxes, and caused pro- tests made against them by some of the Long Island towns to be burned by the hangman. When, in 1673, a Dutch fleet appeared in the bay, the majority of the inhabitants received it with joy ; and l)efore Lovelace, who was absent from the town, could return, the place surrendered. He was allowed to return to Knglaml. and is thought to have died a year or two thereafter. LOVELACE, Richard (1018-58). A Cavalier poet, born at Woolwich, Kent, in 1018; educated at the Charterhouse School and at Gloucester Hall, Oxford, where ho was "accounted the most amiable and beautiful person that ever eye be- held." He took an active part in the Revolution, and was twice imprisoned (1042 and 1048). After the e.xecution of the King he was released. He began writing ver.se while at Oxford. A comedy entitled The tSrhohir. performed there in 1030. and a tragedy entitled The Soldier, written during the .second Scottish expedition (1040), have been lost. 'hile in prison Love- lace prepared for the press a V(dume of poems which appeared in 1040, under the title Lucasta. Of these beautiful lyrics the most famous are "Going to the Wars," and "To Althea from Prison." Lovelace died in poverty in 1058. In 1059 appeared Posthume Poems of Lovelace. Lovelace's poems were edited by Hazlitt (London, 1864). LOVE LIES A-BLEEDING. A tragedy. See Phii.aster. LOVE-LIES-BLEEDING. A garden plant. See AiiARANTH ; and Plate of Acanthus. LOVELL, liiv'el. James (1737-1814). An American patriot, born in Boston. He graduated at Harvard in 1756, and became a teacher in his father's celebrated grammar school in Boston. Unlike his father, he espoused the Patriot cause in the pre-Rcvolutionary disputes between Great Britain and her colonies, and in 1771 delivered the first anniversary oration on the Buston Mas- sacre. L^pon the British evacuation of Boston he was carried as a prisoner to Halifax, but in November. 1776. was exchanged. He was a mem- ber of the Continental Congiess from December. 1776, until 1782. He failed to comprehend Wash- ington's great ability, and assisted in the attempt of the so-called Conway Cabal (q.v.) to put General Gates in supreme command. From 1784 to 1788 he was receiver of taxes in Boston; from 1788 till 1789 was receiver of the port of Boston, and then became the naval officer of Bo.ston and CharlestowTi. LOVELL, .John (1710-78). An American educator. He was born in Boston: graduated at Harvard in 1728 ; was appointed assistant in the Boston Latin School in 1729. and master in 1734. The latter position he held until 1775, when the school was suspended by the siege of Boston. During this long period the stern, yet popular, old scholar was familiarly called 'Master Lovell,' and among his pupils were many leaders of tlie Revolution. At the dedication of Faneuil Hall in 1743 he was the chosen orator. He was, however, a Loyalist, and with the British troops left Bos- ton in 1770. going to Halifax, where he died. His portrait by Smibert is in the gallery at Harvard. LOVELL, Man.sfield (1822-84). An Ameri- can soldier, born in Washington, D. C. He gradu- ated at the United States Military Academy in 1842 ; was appointed a lieutenant of artillery, and served in the war with Mexico, becoming aide and assistant adjutant-general of General Quit- man's division. In 1854 he resigned from the
