Tolkappiyar1582755Tolkappiyam in English — Vocative case Section 2 Chapter 4 [vil’i-marabu]4th century BCESengai Podhuvan
use me to read Tamil
Source in Tamil
Note
The first serial number denotes the verse in the whole literature Tolkappiyam .
The second one denotes the verse in the Second section of the literature.
The third one denotes the verse in the part of the literature dealt here.
Translation
Example to the verse, cited by Elamburanar, an interpreter to the literature ‘Tolkappiyam’ who belongs to 11th century A.D. and others is given indented star-mark.
Only the names ending with the four vowels, [i], [u], [ai] and [oo’] in human generic class will make vocative case. 600, 117, 3
Ending [i] gets manifested [ii] and [ai] gets [aay] in vocation. 601, 118, 4
Words ending with [oo’] and [u] gets manifested changing the end into [ooo’] and [o’] respectively. 602, 119, 5
Mentioned [u] above is shortened [u]. 603, 120, 6
The names ending in other vowel do not make vocative mood. 604, 121, 7
Names ending with full fledged [u] make vocative with additional arsis; [thoo’l”i] makes vocative becoming [thoo’l” ii] = girl friend to a girl. 605, 122, 8
Kinship name ending in [ai] will become [aa]. 606, 123, 9
No name has been changed in vocative case while the addressee is nearby. 607, 124, 10
Demonstrative pronoun accords as discussed above; i.e. denies vocative case. 622, 139, 25
Pronouns denoting second person and interrogation also deny vocative case. 623, 140, 26
Names of persons ending in other two consonants [l] and [l’] come with the change of lengthening the penultimate vowel. 624, 141, 27
Names having already penultimate vowel lengthened do not have any change. 625, 142, 28
Verbal nouns and nouns having attribution ending in [l] and [l’] will be changed into [aay]. 626, 143, 29
Names denting kinship do come in the same way as discussed above; i.e. while the recipient is in somewhat distance their endings accept additional [ee’], while the recipient is nearby they have no change. 627, 144, 30
Demonstrative pronouns and interrogative words ending the two vowels discussed here deny vocative case. 628, 145, 31
Names ending in arsis, in the two vowels discussing here, do not change. 629, 146, 32
Common names to both human generic class and non-human generic class accept vocative case as discussed above in their respective categories of endings. 630, 147, 33
Word ‘amma’ not being in the sense of kinship, being in the sense of ‘pardon me’ or ‘listen me’ will have lengthening of vowel at the end. 633, 150, 36