Wikisource:WikiProject Popular Science Monthly/Proofreading guide

 

IF YOU WISH TO ADD, MODIFY OR COMMENT ON THE INFORMATION, CONTACT THE EDITOR — Ineuw talk 22:34, 25 October 2014 (UTC).

DO NOT EDIT THIS PAGE BECAUSE IT IS CONSTANTLY BEING REPLACED BY A REVISED AND UPDATED VERSION AND THE CHANGES WILL BE LOST.

 

 

Background information

• This manual is focused on the proofreading formats used in The Popular Science Monthly Project. The information here is specifically lays out the style for this project and information on templates and methods which are not not used, are omitted from this guide. Nevertheless, the information provided here may be of help in other projects.

• This project began in the autumn of 2009 and at the time of this writing in the autumn of 2014 five years later, we have 28 of 87 volumes proofread. The additional volumes no longer deal with the original premise of the publication, but they are available for proofreading.

• The elements of the project are standardized and consistency is enforced. This applies to the page layout, font sizes, article headers.

Breakdown of the approach used to proofread

• The volumes have no table of contents and this was constructed by paging through and collecting article titles, authors, tagging pages containing images and tables - and proofreading the indexes which are located at the back of each volume.
• The content of the volume indexes revealed what subject needs to be linked to the index (anchored).
• The titles and the volume indexes collected are stored in 87 offline MSAccess databases which are linked into a single master database. This database contains the nearly 2,500 author names, identifies the list of monthly recurring article sections, formats the multipart article list, formats the main namespace article headers, generates author page headers and the volume indexes.

What was completed overall

• Article title pages.
• Index pages at the end of each volume.
• Pages with images.
• Pages with tables.
• Table of contents.
• Main namespace article pages.
• Major categorization of the main namespace articles.

What needs to be done

• Proofreading of pages.
• Inserting overlooked tables.
• Inserting overlooked images.
• Replacing font size templates with PSM specific font templates.
• Linking the volume index entry anchors to the titles.

Relevant namespaces, a short explanation

• Index namespace - Container storing the individual pages of a book.
• Page namespace - page by page storage contained by the Index container. It is where most of the work takes place, the proofreading of the pages.
• Transclusion process - links the proofread pages and the Main namespace.
• Main namespace - Assembled display of the transcluded pages from the Page namespace.

Typographic formats

Hyphenation

• Hyphenated words, which by themselves are correct, are left as is, being the typesetting style at the time.
• A hyphen at the end of line is often used to justify the text. Use your judgement if the words should be hyphenated.
• If the last word of the page is hyphenated, check following page for the complete word and enclose the first part of the hyphenated word at the bottom of the page {{hyphenated word start|comp|complete}} and enclose the second part of the hyphenated word at the top of the following page {{hyphenated word end|lete|complete}} and this will merge the two parts into the word complete when transcluded in the main namespace.
• The abbreviated form of the hyphenation templates are {{hws}} and {{hwe}} Click to see this example Pages 16 and 17

Single and double quotes

• Use standard English typewriter double quotes "...." (ANSI 034) or the curved quotes “....”(ANSI 147 and 148), but not Guillemets «....» (ANSI 171 and 187).

• Check for matching opening and closing quotes and close up the space between the marks and the enclosed text.
• There is an occasionally used typographical style applied to a series of paragraphs where the beginning of each paragraph is opened without a closing double quotation mark.
• For single quotes use the standard English typewrite single quote '....' (ANSI 039) They are used to enclose text, within, or in place of, double quotation marks.

Typographic characters, ligatures, and symbols

• In some volumes, symbols and characters are ignored by the OCR. These include the em dash (—), currency symbols ($ and £), the temperature indicator º, and the centered decimal point, etc.
• Check for italics in the text. Referenced publication names are always italicized.
• Check for the missing 'em—dash' — (ANSI 0151) character. This is available on the advanced editor toolbar, or, by request can be added to the user's Charinsert preference, or use the {{--}}template.
• Check for ambiguous text. They may be incorrectly rendered scientific, technical, or currency symbols like, fractions , degrees '°' (ANSI 0176), currency '£' symbols {ANSI 0163} or centered decimal points '·' (ANSI 0183).
• Check for the characters 'ae', and 'oe', which are most likely to be the ligatures of 'æ', (ANSI 0230) and the 'œ' (ANSI 0156). Assumptions can be made of their existence based on the article's subject matter.
• Characters, symbols and ligatures can also be inserted by using the HTML equivalents. See References for the HTML ANSI codes.
• All the above mentioned symbols can be had in the "User" selection of the Charinsert gadget. Just post a request in the Scriptorium/help.

Fonts sizes and font templates

• Fonts larger than 100% are of no concern. Use any size deemed to be matching the original.
• For font sizes that are less than 100%, the following list of templates were designed for the project because they include line heights proportional to the font size.^[1]

• {{fs90}} is used to enclose Author names,
• {{fs90/s}} {{fs90/e}} used to enclose a bloc of paragraphs and/or span pages. When used to span pages, the {{fs90/e}} is placed in the footer of the first page, to terminates the block and {{fs90/s}} is placed in the header of the following page to begin the new block. This way the transcluded text in the main namespace will be enclosed with a single set of templates because headers and footers are excluded. Click on this link to see an example.
• {{fs85}} 85% font size and 100% line height. - Used exclusively for image captions and subtitled sections of recurring monthly features.
• {{fs75}} 75% font size and 95% line height. - Used to enhance the diversity of font sizes of article sub-titles.
• {{fs70}} 70% font size and 90% line height. - Used inline to match the line height of fraction templates {{fs70|{{over||}}}} and {{fs70|{{frac||}}}}.
• Named font templates are not used in the PSM project
• Link to the 100% and smaller font size and style comparisons table.

Titles

• Article titles are set by templates. See list of title templates in the Reference section.
• This page provides examples of the article title, author, subtitles and Roman numeral paragraph numbering.

Author names

• The main title is followed by the author's name for which there is no template. The name is enclosed in the {{small caps}} template, then the set to font size is 90% always using the {{fs90}} template and then centered on the page.

{{c|{{fs90|{{sc|By AUTHOR NAME}}}}}}

By AUTHOR NAME

 

Secondary title font sizes

• If there is a subtitle below the author's name, it is centered and wrapped with the is 75% font size, using the {{fs75}} template.
• If there is a secondary subtitle, center it and wrap it with a font size comparable to the original. This may be 100% or if smaller, use the 85% font size {{fs85}} template.
• Example:This page has one main and five sub titles. Otherwise, article titles consist of one main and, at most, three sub-titles. Since the styles differ, there is good visual contrast, even when the font-size difference is less than 10%. New articles can start anywhere on a page.

Paragraphs

• Contrary to the original scan, proofread paragraphs are not indented. However, there are exceptions in poems in which alternate lines are indented, and indented lists, where inserting a table is not warranted. In such cases there are two templates available:
  • Use {{gap}} template where there is a wide gap or indent in the text.
  • Use {{spaces}} template where there is a short gap or indent in the text.
• All Roman numeral numbered titles are 90% font size and enclosed with the {{fs90}} template.
• Use the {{tl|Dropped initial) or {{Di}} template to format an article's first letter.
• The double height row template {{Dhr}} is used in places where 2 or more empty lines separate paragraphs. This template also accepts a height specification if the space between two sections {{|Dhr|4em}} indicates a vertical spacing of 4em. Click to see this page by opening it in edit mode.
• If the end of a paragraph is also the end of the page, terminate a page with the {{nop}} template. This prevents the transclusion process from joining this paragraph to the subsequent paragraph. This template must be placed on it's own line and must not be followed by any character or space.

Paragraph titles

• Paragraph titles of the CORRESPONDENCE sections are CAPITALIZED LETTERS, centered, and enclosed with the {{fs85}} template.
• Paragraph titles of the Editor's Table are also the same font size, but the title is italicized.

Paragraph spacing and separators

• Where a line separates topics in the original, paragraph separators are standardized to be {{rule}} of 4em in length, and padded before and after with {{Dhr}}.

End of topic
space
{{Dhr}}
{{rule|4em}}
{{Dhr}}
space
Start of topic (Header)

Poems

• Poems, without exception, are wrapped starting innermost with the {{fs90/s}} {{fs90/e}} font template, followed by the <poem></poem> tags, and then enclosed in {{block center/s}} {{block center/e}} templates.
• An alternate mode of achieving these parameters, is using {{block center/s}}<poem style="line-height:105%; font-size:90%;"> and terminating it with </poem>{{block center/e}}.
• The template order is necessary because the font template line height is not applied to the contents, unless it is the innermost template.
• The {{block center/s}} template is the most versatile template for multiple paragraphs and page spanning.
• The <poem></poem> tags can't span pages. In poems that span pages the tag must be terminated at the last line of the poem and inserted anew in the following page.
• Most poems begin with a double quote which requires the use of the {{Floating quotation mark}} or {{fqm}} template, to retain the proper centering of the poem.

{{block center/s}}<poem style="line-height:105%; font-size:90%;">
{{fqm}}Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
consectetur adipisicing elit,
sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt
ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam,
quis nostrud exercitation ullamco
laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea
commodo consequat."
</poem>{{block center/e}}

"Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
consectetur adipisicing elit,
sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt
ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam,
quis nostrud exercitation ullamco
laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea
commodo consequat."

References, footnotes and endnotes

• Use the {{smallrefs}} template in the page footer to render footnotes in small font. Footnote references are automatically numbered.
• Footnotes which span over pages requires a named reference tag on the the page where it begins <ref name=D723>reference text</ref> and a "follow" reference tag on the subsequest page(s) as <ref follow=D723>reference text</ref>. Click to see an example of a footnote spanning two pages.
• In the main namespace footnotes are converted into numbered endnotes.

OCR shortcomings

• The OCR process has difficulty in distinguishing certain characters and commonly misreads the following:
• Words beginning especially beginning with "W are preceded by a double quotation mark. Compare to the original.
• Short words beginning with 'w' are occasionally garbled as in 'w T here', which is supposed to be 'where'. Correct these by searching for ' w ' surrounded by spaces.
• Occasionally, the lowercase 'h' is rendered as 'b'.
• Words containing 'g' is problematic.
• Words containing 'p' are often rendered as 'jj'.
• Uppercase 'N' is often rendered incorrectly.
• The uppercase "R" is often rendered as 'K' 'E', or 'B'. Spell check finds the error, unless the change is a meaningful word.
• Ligatures.

Tags

• When a page specific code is required, the .djvu number of the page is used because it guarantees uniqueness. Printed page numbers are not unique or accurate. If the code contains no spaces, then enclosing the code with quotes can be omitted.

Section tags

• The codes are made up of the following segments:

• End of article begin and end section code segments:

 E = End of article
27 = .djvu page number
<section begin=E27 /><section end=E27 />

• The article following on the same page uses the code segments, except prefixed by 'B' to indicate the beginning section of the article.

 B = Beginning of article
27 = .djvu page number
<section begin=B27 /><section end=B27 />

• Click to see an example of the above coding scheme in edit view of .djvu page 27/Page 17. The final results are visible on this transcluded page.

Single image {{FIS}} template layout for center, or offset images

• With the implementation of George Orwell III’s {{FreedImg/span}} {{FIS}}, the abbreviated form) makes Image display and the accompanying caption much simpler. The caption is part of the template.

• In the offset floating mode the text flows unbroken around the template.
• PSM only uses the following parameters and unused parameters are to be removed from the template.
• The required parameters are the File name, image width and the float position.

{{FIS
 | file         = 
 | width        = 500px|250px <!-- 500px is page width -->
 | float        = center|left|right <!-- One of the three -->
 | caption      = 
 | talign       = center|justify <!-- One of the two -->
 | tstyle       = font-variant:small-caps
 | margin-right = 8px <!-- if floating to the left -->
 | margin-left  = 8px <!-- if floating to the right -->
 | tmleft       = 11px <!-- For Caption Indent when justified -->
 | indent       = -11px <!-- For Caption outdent when justified -->
 | cstyle       = margin-top:8px; margin-bottom:8px <!-- no dhr needed -->
}}

Centered image examples

• Stacked images with various primary and secondary captions & styles.
• Full page width 500px image.
• Mixed text style in caption.

Offset image examples

• Note how the text abuts to the open and close brackets of the template to provide seamless flow without a paragraph break.

• Image offset to the right, width is less than than half the page width (215px.) and having mixed text style.
• Image offset to the left half page width and a short caption.
• Image offset to the left half page width and a long caption.

Multiple image templates

One image with two captions

• Note: The image and the combined caption width must equal to the overall table width.

Fig. 11.—This represents an ordinary table-glass, the bottom of the glass and the entire rear side, except the upper portion, being seen through the transparent nearer side, and the rear apparently projecting above the front. But it fluctuates in appearance between this and a view of the glass in which the bottom is seen directly, partly from underneath, the whole of the rear side is seen through the transparent front, and the front projects above the back.		Fig. 12.—In this scroll the left half may at first seem concave and the right convex, it then seems to roll or advance like a wave, and the left seems convex and the right concave, as though the trough of the wave had become the crest, and vice versa.

 

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Fig. 8.—This drawing may be viewed as the representation of a book standing on its half-opened covers as seen from the back of the book; or as the inside view of an open book showing the pages.
Fig. 10.—The smaller square may be regarded as either the nearer face of a projecting figure or as the more distant face of a hollow figure.		Fig. 9.—When this figure is viewed as an arrow, the upper or feathered end seems flat; when the rest of the arrow is covered, the feathered end may be made to project or recede like the book cover in Fig. 8.

 

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Fig. 2.—Flakes of Volcanic Ash. Magnified about 100 diameters. A, flake with a branching rib; B, fragment of a broken hollow sphere of glass; C, fragment with drawn out tubular vesicles; D and E, plain fragments of broken pumice bubbles. (From American Geologist, April, 1893.)
		Fig. 3.—A Particle of Volcanic Ash swelled up by Fusion. Magnified 100 diameters.

{|align=center width=500 {{ts|sm85|bc|lh95}} border=1
|[[File:PSM V54 D238 Flakes of volcanic ash.png|frameless|center|240px|]]
|width=20px| 
|rowspan=2 |[[File:PSM V54 D238 Swelled fused volcanic ash particles.png|frameless|center|240px|]]
|-
|rowspan=2 width=240px {{ts|aj|it|vtb}}|{{sc|Fig. 2.—Flakes of Volcanic Ash.}} Magnified about 100 diameters. A, flake with a branching rib; B, fragment of a broken hollow sphere of glass; C, fragment with drawn out tubular vesicles; D and E, plain fragments of broken pumice bubbles. (From American Geologist, April, 1893.)
|
|-
|
|width=240px {{ts|aj|it|vtb}}|{{sc|Fig. 3.—A Particle of Volcanic Ash swelled up by Fusion.}} Magnified 100 diameters.
|}

{|align=center width=500 {{ts|sm85|bc|lh1}}
|colspan=3 |[[File:|frameless|center|500px|]]
|-

Centered captions

|width=210px {{ts|ac|pt1|vtt|sc}}|
|width=10px| 
|width=210px {{ts|ac|pt1|vtt|sc}}|
|}

Hanging indent justified text captions

|width=210px {{ts|aj|it|pt1|vtt}}|
|width=10px| 
|width=210px {{ts|aj|it|pt1|vtt}}|
|}

 

Click to see an example of a single image with two short captions.

 

Two separate images with two captions

{|align=center width=500 {{ts|sm85|bc|lh1}}
|width=210px |[[File:|frameless|center|240px|]]
|width=20px|
|width=210px |[[File:|frameless|center|240px|]]
|-

Centered captions

|{{ts|ac|pt1|vtt|sc}}|
|
|{{ts|ac|pt1|vtt|sc}}|
|}

Hanging indent justified text captions

|{{ts|aj|it|pt1|vtt}}|
|
|{{ts|aj|it|pt1|vtt}}|
|}

 

Click to see an example of three images side by side.

 

Tables

• As an introduction, this page contains a written conversation about a particular advanced table design:Page talk:Mexico, Aztec, Spanish and_Republican, Vol 2.djvu/178

Formatting codes declared in the table header (which affects the whole table)

• For complete reference List of table style shorthand codes

• mc = centers the table on page the order of values are clockwise Top, Right, Bottom and Left. (margin:0 auto 0 auto;)
• ar|al|ac|aj = aligns the contents of all cells. Base this universal alignment by the content alignment of the majority of columns.
• bc = border collapse. If omitted, cell borders are double .
• border/border=1 = single line border of every cell.
• bt|br|bb|bl = single line border around the table. where
• |-ac|bb = when declared on a table row indicator, aligns content with a single line bottom border of a row of cells.

• sm90|lh12 = font size of 90% and the matching line height of 120%.
• sm85|lh11 = font size of 85% and the matching line height of 110%.
• pt.5|pb.5 = cell padding of .5em top OR bottom.
• ptb.5 = cell padding of .5em top AND bottom.
• pr1|pl1 TO pr5|pl5 = cell padded 1em to 5em (increments of 1em) on the right OR left of the cell.

 

• The template top row is the header for centered column titles with padding top and bottom of the cells.
• The template second row is the first row padded on the top.
• The template third row is no padding.
• The template fourth row is the last table row, padded on the bottom.

 

Table layout for tables with single line borders for various font sizes, and matching line height.

{|{{ts|mc|ar|bc|bt|br|bb|bl}} <!-- border = 1 --> (standard 100% font size and matching standard line height of 140%)

{|{{ts|sm90|lh12|mc|ar|bc|bt|br|bb|bl}} <!-- border = 1 --> (90% font size and matching line height)

{|{{ts|sm85|lh1|mc|ar|bc|bt|br|bb|bl}} <!-- border = 1 --> (85% font size and matching line height)
|-{{ts|ac|bb}}
|{{ts|br|ptb.5}}|
|{{ts|br|ptb.5}}|
|{{ts|ptb.5}}|
|-
|{{ts|al|br|pt.5}}|
|{{ts|br|pt.5|pr1}}|
|{{ts|pt.5|pr1}}|
|-
|{{ts|al|br|pb.5}}|
|{{ts|br|pb.5|pr1}}|
|{{ts|pb.5|pr1}}|
|-
|}

 

Sample layout of 90% font size and 120% line height single border table

 

center table column title	center table column title	center table column title
left	right	right
left	right	right
left	right	right

 

Sample layout of 90% font size and 120% line height double border table common in the PSM project

 

center table column title	center table column title	center table column title
left	right	right
left	right	right
left	right	right

 

An analysis of table design

Click this link to see this page.

Dictionary and spell check

• Using the spell check of the browser is sufficient.
• Bad spelling in the original is indicated by . The {{sic}} template is invisible in read mode, but in edit mode indicates that a previous editor was aware of the error.
• Outdated, but correct spelling, is left as is.
• Spelling variations of English words are to be accepted as it is.
• An alphabetic list of archaically spelled words and proper names collected from the Volumes can be found on this page.
• An alphabetic list of archaic spellings and proper names collected from Volume 1, can be found on this page., although the list need to be cleaned up.
• Recommended word reference Wiktionary.

Managing the Contributors' list

Comments on the contents

For students of science, technology and social history, the publication provides a fascinating view through the window of the printed word, and what a view it is. To read the articles promulgated by the great minds of 19th century, the depth and diverse range of subjects covered is a mine, of pure gold. The language, the terminology, and the spelling of the day, coupled with an occasional tone of condescension employed in addressing the reading audience, enhances the experience.

The publication aimed to reach a wide audience by disseminating information, and publicizing issues of wide ranging interest for the emerging 19th century middle class thirsty for knowledge. The novel approach of fusing the perceived desire of the public, and serving as a platform for the dissemination of academic thought, was well received.

Of great interest is the level of scientific knowledge and the social issues of the day. It's somewhat eerie to read that the then prevailing views expressed on matters of public health, education, nutrition, employment, natural resources and pollution are still familiar in our time. The knowledge espoused range from the quaint to the surprisingly advanced, with many theories still in the process of being debated and formulated when this is written.

The typesetting

The display of increased confidence in the viability of the enterprise is palpable as indicated by proudly published reviews on on this page of the June 1872 issue. There was a positive reception by the press, the academic community, and the interested public. Subtle changes appear progressively after this issue. The typesetting style is progressively streamlined and displays increased professionalism.

The composition is progressively improved and the payoff for the Wikisource proofreader is the reduced frequency of typographical embellishments. The number of quotes, italics and em dashes used on the pages are no more than a couple per page, and that's good news. Of course there are some extreme exceptions, like idiosyncratic writing where the word "practical", enclosed in quotes, appears nine times on a single page.

After spending time at a daily paper, observing Linotype machines in operation, surrounded by typesetters and proofreaders at work, a sense of amazement is felt when one considers that these pages were manually set character by character, space by space, block by block, to a justified paragraph format, laid inversely and with very few errors.

Subject and style

While random sampling of articles by topic, an interesting relationship can be discerned between the article's subject, the typographical style, and even the word count per page. Articles on morality, religion, and religious thought, contain an increased number of typographical embellishments to emphasize their absolute, exhorting, admonishing and cautionary messages. This is indicated by an increased number of em—dashes, double quotes, single quotes, italics, and capitalized text. There is a lot of rolling of the holy.

Reference

PSM article title templates

• Project templates category page

• This is the list of title templates designed specifically for the project. All template names begin with the letter "P". The multiple templates of similar names reflect changes in the original style. Many changes are minor, but separate templates also allow the use of different font styles and sizes when a greater range of web fonts is available, to match the original as closely as possible.

Description	Recurring title	Note	Template	Shortcut	Name space
Article title	No	Article titles of all Volumes	PSMTitle	Pt	Page
Correspondence section title 1	Yes	From Volume 3 to Volume 47	PSMCorrespondence	Pcor	Page
Correspondence section title 2	Yes	From Volume 48 to Volume 56	PSMCorrespondence2	PCor2	Page
Correspondence section title 3	Yes	Volume 57 only	PSMCorrespondence3	PCor3	Page
Discussion and Correspondence	Yes	From Volume 57 to Volume 69	PSMDiscuss&Correspond	PD&C	Page
Editor's Table 1	Yes	From Volume 1 to Volume 47 no dot	PSMEditorsTable	Pedit	Page
Editor's Table 2	Yes	From Volume 48 to Volume 57 with dot	PSMEditorsTable2	Pedit2	Page
End of article graphic rule	No	Terminates articles when ending in mid page	PSM rule		Page
Entertaining Varieties	Yes	From Volume 20 to Volume 22	PSMEntVar		Page
Monthly first article title 1	No	From Volume 1 to Volume 48 December	PSMPage1Title		Page
Monthly first article title 2	No	From Volume 48 January to Volume 57 June	PSMPage1Title2		Page
Monthly first article title 3	No	From Volume 57 July to the end of Volume 87	PSMPage1Title3		Page
Monthly first article title 4	No	Begins from Volume 88	PSMPage1Title4		Page
Fragments of Science	Yes	From Volume 48 November to Volume 57 May	PSMFragmentsOfScience	Pfos	Page
General Notices	Yes	From Volume 48 November to Volume 56 December	PSMGeneralNotices	Pgn	Page
Index header with underline	Yes	From Volume 1 to Volume 56	PSMIndex		Page
Index header without underline	Yes	From Volume 57 to Volume 87	PSMIndex2		Page
Link to PSM article	No	Link to a main namespace article	PSM link		Main
Literary Notes	Yes	From Volume 1 to Volume 47 October	PSMLitNotes	Plit	Page
Literary review paragraph template	No	Incorporates Hanging indent and pagraph padding	PSMLitReview	Plr	Page
Minor Paragraphs	Yes	From Volume 48 November to Volume 57 May	PSMMinorParagraphs	Pmp	Page
Miscellany	Yes	From Volume 1 to Volume 10 December	PSMMisc	Pmm	Page
Navigator to index scans and images	No	Links to project Index scans and commons images	Psm		Wikiproject
Notes title 1	Yes	From Volume 1 to Volume 47 October	PSMNotes		Page
Notes title 2	Yes	From Volume 48 November to Volume 57 May	PSMNotes2		Page
Obituary Note (single)	Yes	Volume 2 April	PSMObitNote	POn2	Page
Obituary Notes (plural)	Yes	From Volume 35 May to Volume 47 October	PSMObitNotes	POn	Page
Obituary	Yes	From Volume 35 May to Volume 47 October	PSMObitTitle	POb	Page
Page display frame bottom	No	Main namespace article frame bottom	PSMLayoutBottom		Main
Page display frame top	No	Main namespace article frame top	PSMLayoutTop		Main
Popular Miscellany	Yes	From Volume 10 January to Volume 47 October	PSMPopMisc	Pm	Page
Project home page link	No	Project link of convenience	PSMProjectHome		Wikiproject
Project pages title	No	Template of convenience	TPSMProject		Wikiproject
Publications received 1	Yes	From Volume 2 May to Volume 57 May	PSMPubRec	Ppr	Page
Publications received 2	Yes	From Volume 48 to Volume 50	PSMPubRec2	Ppr2	Page
Scientific Literature 1	Yes	From Volume 48 November to Volume 57 May	PSMScientificLiterature	Psl	Page
Scientific Literature 2	Yes	From Volume 57 June to Volume 63 September	PSMScientificLiterature2	Psl2	Page
Shorter Articles	Yes	From Volume 63 September to Volume 68	PSMShorterArticles	Psa	Page
Shorter Articles2	Yes	From Volume 69 to Volume 70 No dot	PSMShorterArticles2	Psa2	Page
Shorter Articles And Correspondence	Yes	Used when both articles are on the same page	PSMShorterArticlesAndCorrespondence	Psac	Page
Shorter Articles And Discussion	Yes	Used when both articles are on the same page	PSMShorterArticlesAndDiscussion	Psad	Page
Table of Contents	No	Table of contents title	PSMToC		Main
Table required template	No	Maintenance template	PSMTable		Page
The Progress of Science	Yes	From Volume 57 to Volume 68 with dot	PSMProgressOfScience	Pps	Page
The Progress of Science	Yes	From Volume 68 to Volume 87 no doth	PSMProgressOfScience2	Pps2	Page
Volume title page 1	No	From Volume 1 to Volume 47	TPSM		Page
Volume title page 2	No	From Volume 48 to Volume 56	TPSM2		Page
Volume title page 3	No	From Volume 57 to Volume 87	TPSM3		Page

 

Monthly recurring section title list

Monthly recurring section titles

Correspondence

Discussion and Correspondence

Editor's Table

Entertaining Varieties

Fragments of Science

General Notices

Literary Notices

Minor Paragraphs

Miscellany and Popular Miscellany

Notes

Obituaries

Publications Received

Scientific Literature

Shorter Articles

The Progress of Science

ANSI HEX UNICODE and HTML characters and symbols

 

Character	ANSI-No	Unicode-No	ANSI-Hex	Unicode-Hex	HTML4-Entity
' '	32	32	0x20	U+0020
!	33	33	0x21	U+0021
"	34	34	0x22	U+0022	&quot ;
#	35	35	0x23	U+0023
$	36	36	0x24	U+0024
%	37	37	0x25	U+0025
&	38	38	0x26	U+0026	&amp ;
'	39	39	0x27	U+0027
(	40	40	0x28	U+0028
)	41	41	0x29	U+0029
*	42	42	0x2A	U+002A
+	43	43	0x2B	U+002B
,	44	44	0x2C	U+002C
-	45	45	0x2D	U+002D
.	46	46	0x2E	U+002E
/	47	47	0x2F	U+002F
0	48	48	0x30	U+0030
1	49	49	0x31	U+0031
2	50	50	0x32	U+0032
3	51	51	0x33	U+0033
4	52	52	0x34	U+0034
5	53	53	0x35	U+0035
6	54	54	0x36	U+0036
7	55	55	0x37	U+0037
8	56	56	0x38	U+0038
9	57	57	0x39	U+0039
:	58	58	0x3A	U+003A
;	59	59	0x3B	U+003B
<	60	60	0x3C	U+003C	&lt ;
=	61	61	0x3D	U+003D
>	62	62	0x3E	U+003E	&gt ;
?	63	63	0x3F	U+003F
@	64	64	0x40	U+0040
A	65	65	0x41	U+0041
B	66	66	0x42	U+0042
C	67	67	0x43	U+0043
D	68	68	0x44	U+0044
E	69	69	0x45	U+0045
F	70	70	0x46	U+0046
G	71	71	0x47	U+0047
H	72	72	0x48	U+0048
I	73	73	0x49	U+0049
J	74	74	0x4A	U+004A
K	75	75	0x4B	U+004B
L	76	76	0x4C	U+004C
M	77	77	0x4D	U+004D
N	78	78	0x4E	U+004E
O	79	79	0x4F	U+004F
P	80	80	0x50	U+0050
Q	81	81	0x51	U+0051
R	82	82	0x52	U+0052
S	83	83	0x53	U+0053
T	84	84	0x54	U+0054
U	85	85	0x55	U+0055
V	86	86	0x56	U+0056
W	87	87	0x57	U+0057
X	88	88	0x58	U+0058
Y	89	89	0x59	U+0059
Z	90	90	0x5A	U+005A
[	91	91	0x5B	U+005B
\	92	92	0x5C	U+005C
]	93	93	0x5D	U+005D
^	94	94	0x5E	U+005E
_	95	95	0x5F	U+005F
`	96	96	0x60	U+0060
a	97	97	0x61	U+0061
b	98	98	0x62	U+0062
c	99	99	0x63	U+0063
d	100	100	0x64	U+0064
e	101	101	0x65	U+0065
f	102	102	0x66	U+0066
g	103	103	0x67	U+0067
h	104	104	0x68	U+0068
i	105	105	0x69	U+0069
j	106	106	0x6A	U+006A
k	107	107	0x6B	U+006B
l	108	108	0x6C	U+006C
m	109	109	0x6D	U+006D
n	110	110	0x6E	U+006E
o	111	111	0x6F	U+006F
p	112	112	0x70	U+0070
q	113	113	0x71	U+0071
r	114	114	0x72	U+0072
s	115	115	0x73	U+0073
t	116	116	0x74	U+0074
u	117	117	0x75	U+0075
v	118	118	0x76	U+0076
w	119	119	0x77	U+0077
x	120	120	0x78	U+0078
y	121	121	0x79	U+0079
z	122	122	0x7A	U+007A
{	123	123	0x7B	U+007B
	124	124	0x7C	U+007C
}	125	125	0x7D	U+007D
~	126	126	0x7E	U+007E
	127	127	0x7F	U+007F
€	128	8364	0x80	U+20AC	&euro ;
	129	129	0x81	U+0081
‚	130	8218	0x82	U+201A	&sbquo ;
ƒ	131	402	0x83	U+0192	&fnof ;
„	132	8222	0x84	U+201E	&bdquo ;
…	133	8230	0x85	U+2026	&hellip ;
†	134	8224	0x86	U+2020	&dagger ;
‡	135	8225	0x87	U+2021	&Dagger ;
ˆ	136	710	0x88	U+02C6	&circ ;
‰	137	8240	0x89	U+2030	&permil ;
Š	138	352	0x8A	U+0160	&Scaron ;
‹	139	8249	0x8B	U+2039	&lsaquo ;
Œ	140	338	0x8C	U+0152	&OElig ;
	141	141	0x8D	U+008D
Ž	142	381	0x8E	U+017D
	143	143	0x8F	U+008F
	144	144	0x90	U+0090
‘	145	8216	0x91	U+2018	&lsquo ;
’	146	8217	0x92	U+2019	&rsquo ;
“	147	8220	0x93	U+201C	&ldquo ;
”	148	8221	0x94	U+201D	&rdquo ;
•	149	8226	0x95	U+2022	&bull ;
–	150	8211	0x96	U+2013	&ndash ;
—	151	8212	0x97	U+2014	&mdash ;
˜	152	732	0x98	U+02DC	&tilde ;
™	153	8482	0x99	U+2122	&trade ;
š	154	353	0x9A	U+0161	&scaron ;
›	155	8250	0x9B	U+203A	&rsaquo ;
œ	156	339	0x9C	U+0153	&oelig ;
	157	157	0x9D	U+009D
ž	158	382	0x9E	U+017E
Ÿ	159	376	0x9F	U+0178	&Yuml ;
	160	160	0xA0	U+00A0	&nbsp ;
¡	161	161	0xA1	U+00A1	&iexcl ;
¢	162	162	0xA2	U+00A2	&cent ;
£	163	163	0xA3	U+00A3	&pound ;
¤	164	164	0xA4	U+00A4	&curren ;
¥	165	165	0xA5	U+00A5	&yen ;
¦	166	166	0xA6	U+00A6	&brvbar ;
§	167	167	0xA7	U+00A7	&sect ;
¨	168	168	0xA8	U+00A8	&uml ;
©	169	169	0xA9	U+00A9	&copy ;
ª	170	170	0xAA	U+00AA	&ordf ;
«	171	171	0xAB	U+00AB	&laquo ;
¬	172	172	0xAC	U+00AC	&not ;
	173	173	0xAD	U+00AD	&shy ;
®	174	174	0xAE	U+00AE	&reg ;
¯	175	175	0xAF	U+00AF	&macr ;
°	176	176	0xB0	U+00B0	&deg ;
±	177	177	0xB1	U+00B1	&plusmn ;
²	178	178	0xB2	U+00B2	&sup2 ;
³	179	179	0xB3	U+00B3	&sup3 ;
´	180	180	0xB4	U+00B4	&acute ;
µ	181	181	0xB5	U+00B5	&micro ;
¶	182	182	0xB6	U+00B6	&para ;
·	183	183	0xB7	U+00B7	&middot ;
¸	184	184	0xB8	U+00B8	&cedil ;
¹	185	185	0xB9	U+00B9	&sup1 ;
º	186	186	0xBA	U+00BA	&ordm ;
»	187	187	0xBB	U+00BB	&raquo ;
¼	188	188	0xBC	U+00BC	&frac14 ;
½	189	189	0xBD	U+00BD	&frac12 ;
¾	190	190	0xBE	U+00BE	&frac34 ;
¿	191	191	0xBF	U+00BF	&iquest ;
À	192	192	0xC0	U+00C0	&Agrave ;
Á	193	193	0xC1	U+00C1	&Aacute ;
Â	194	194	0xC2	U+00C2	&Acirc ;
Ã	195	195	0xC3	U+00C3	&Atilde ;
Ä	196	196	0xC4	U+00C4	&Auml ;
Å	197	197	0xC5	U+00C5	&Aring ;
Æ	198	198	0xC6	U+00C6	&AElig ;
Ç	199	199	0xC7	U+00C7	&Ccedil ;
È	200	200	0xC8	U+00C8	&Egrave ;
É	201	201	0xC9	U+00C9	&Eacute ;
Ê	202	202	0xCA	U+00CA	&Ecirc ;
Ë	203	203	0xCB	U+00CB	&Euml ;
Ì	204	204	0xCC	U+00CC	&Igrave ;
Í	205	205	0xCD	U+00CD	&Iacute ;
Î	206	206	0xCE	U+00CE	&Icirc ;
Ï	207	207	0xCF	U+00CF	&Iuml ;
Ð	208	208	0xD0	U+00D0	&ETH ;
Ñ	209	209	0xD1	U+00D1	&Ntilde ;
Ò	210	210	0xD2	U+00D2	&Ograve ;
Ó	211	211	0xD3	U+00D3	&Oacute ;
Ô	212	212	0xD4	U+00D4	&Ocirc ;
Õ	213	213	0xD5	U+00D5	&Otilde ;
Ö	214	214	0xD6	U+00D6	&Ouml ;
×	215	215	0xD7	U+00D7	&times ;
Ø	216	216	0xD8	U+00D8	&Oslash ;
Ù	217	217	0xD9	U+00D9	&Ugrave ;
Ú	218	218	0xDA	U+00DA	&Uacute ;
Û	219	219	0xDB	U+00DB	&Ucirc ;
Ü	220	220	0xDC	U+00DC	&Uuml ;
Ý	221	221	0xDD	U+00DD	&Yacute ;
Þ	222	222	0xDE	U+00DE	&THORN ;
ß	223	223	0xDF	U+00DF	&szlig ;
à	224	224	0xE0	U+00E0	&agrave ;
á	225	225	0xE1	U+00E1	&aacute ;
â	226	226	0xE2	U+00E2	&acirc ;
ã	227	227	0xE3	U+00E3	&atilde ;
ä	228	228	0xE4	U+00E4	&auml ;
å	229	229	0xE5	U+00E5	&aring ;
æ	230	230	0xE6	U+00E6	&aelig ;
ç	231	231	0xE7	U+00E7	&ccedil ;
è	232	232	0xE8	U+00E8	&egrave ;
é	233	233	0xE9	U+00E9	&eacute ;
ê	234	234	0xEA	U+00EA	&ecirc ;
ë	235	235	0xEB	U+00EB	&euml ;
ì	236	236	0xEC	U+00EC	&igrave ;
í	237	237	0xED	U+00ED	&iacute ;
î	238	238	0xEE	U+00EE	&icirc ;
ï	239	239	0xEF	U+00EF	&iuml ;
ð	240	240	0xF0	U+00F0	&eth ;
ñ	241	241	0xF1	U+00F1	&ntilde ;
ò	242	242	0xF2	U+00F2	&ograve ;
ó	243	243	0xF3	U+00F3	&oacute ;
ô	244	244	0xF4	U+00F4	&ocirc ;
õ	245	245	0xF5	U+00F5	&otilde ;
ö	246	246	0xF6	U+00F6	&ouml ;
÷	247	247	0xF7	U+00F7	&divide ;
ø	248	248	0xF8	U+00F8	&oslash ;
ù	249	249	0xF9	U+00F9	&ugrave ;
ú	250	250	0xFA	U+00FA	&uacute ;
û	251	251	0xFB	U+00FB	&ucirc ;
ü	252	252	0xFC	U+00FC	&uuml ;
ý	253	253	0xFD	U+00FD	&yacute ;
þ	254	254	0xFE	U+00FE	&thorn ;
ÿ	255	255	0xFF	U+00FF	&yuml ;

 

General templates

• Attempt was made to use Templates almost exclusively. HTML tags are limited to the minimum, where a template wasn't available or possible.

Changes in Wikisource

• Recent changes implemented in the Wikisource Proofreading extension, (between the fall of 2014 and spring of 2015), relating to font style and size, as well as the line height), had some minor effect on the templates referred to above.

---

1. The {{fsx}} template doesn't apply the line height proportionately.