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Index:Africa by Élisée Reclus, Volume 2.djvu

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Title Africa by Élisée Reclus/Volume 2
Author Élisée Reclus
Translator A. H. Keane
Publisher D Appleton and Sons
Location New York, New York
Source djvu
Progress To be proofread
Transclusion Index not transcluded or unreviewed
Volumes Volumes

Volume 1
Volume 2
Volume 3
Volume 4

Images
Volume 1
Volume 2
Volume 3

Volume 4
Pages (key to Page Status)
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CONTENTS.


chap. page
I. Tripolitana 1
Barka, p. 1. Historical Retrospect, p. 3. Physical Features, p. 4. Climate of Barka, p. 6. Flora and Fauna, p. 7. Inhabitants, p. 9. Topography, p. 13.
II. The Aujila Oases 23
Topography, p. 25.
III. The Kufra Oases 28
Flora and Fauna, p. 31. Inhabitants, p. 31. Topography, p. 32.
IV. The Great Syrtis and Tripolitana Seaboard 34
General Survey, p. 34. Physical Features, p. 36. Hydrographic System, p-42. Coastlands, p. 43. Climate, p. 44. Flora, p. 46. Fauna, p. 48. Inhabitants, p. 49. The Arabs of Tripolitana, p. 51. The Negroes and Turks, p. 53. The Jews, Maltese, and Europeans, p. 55. Topography, p. 55. Tripoli, p. 63.
V. Fezzan 68
Physical Features, p. 69. Lakes and Wadies, p. 71. Oases, p. 73. Climate, p. 74. Flora, p. 75. Fauna, p. 76. Inhabitants, p. 77. Topography, p. 79.
VI. Ghadames 82
Physical Features, p. 83. Topography, p. 87.
VII. Rhât 90
Topography, p. 92. Government and Administration, p-93.
VIII. Tunisia 95
The Atlas Orographic System, p. 96. Ethnical Elements, p. 98. Historic Retrospect, p. 101. Physical Features, p. 102. Hydrographic System, p. 106. The Tunisian Sebkhas, p. 112. The Coast and Islands, p. 118. The Syrtes, p. 121. Climate, p. 122. Flora, p. 125. Fauna, p. 127. Inhabitants, p. 130. The Berbers and Arabs, p. 130. The Turks, p. 136. The Jews, p. 137. The Europeans, p. 138. Topography, p. 139. Sfakes, p. 149. Kairwan, p. 156. Tunis, p. 168. Carthage, p. 176. Bizerta, p. 182. Social and Political Condition of Tunis, p. 189. Government, p. 193.
IX. Algeria 197
Historic Retrospect p. 197. Physical Features, p. 201. The Coast Ranges, p. 204. The Southern Ranges, p. 206. Rivers, p. 212. The Shotts; Artesian Wells, p. 217. Climate, p. 221. Flora, p. 223. Fauna, p. 226. Inhabitants, p. 227. The Algerian Arabs, p. 234. The Negroes and Jews, p. 236. Topography, p. 237. Bona, p. 242. Constantine, p. 245. Philippeville, p. 249. Bougie, p. 252. Kabylia, p. 254. Algiers, p. 268. Mostaganem, p. 283. Oran, p. 286. Tlemoen, p. 290. Batna, p. 296. Biskra, p. 303. Wed-Righ, p. 306. Laghwat, p. 308. Ghardaya, p. 309. The Mzabites, p. 310. Wargla, p. 314. The Wed Maya, p. 315. El Golea, p. 316. Social Condition of Algeria, p. 319. Forests; Agriculture, p. 321. The European Settlers, p. 325. Industries; Trade, p. 327. Roads and Railways, p. 329. Administration, p. 332. The Marabuts, p. 337. The Mohammedan Brotherhoods, p. 339. Education, p. 341.
X. Marocco 345
The Atlas Highlands, p. 348. The Little Atlas and Bani Ranges, p. 352. The Jebel Aiun and Beni Hassan Uplands, p. Rivers, p. 355. Climate, p. 360. Flora, p. 361. Fauna, p. 362. Inhabitants: the Berbers, p. 363. The Arabs, Jews, and Negroes, p. 369. Topography, p. 370. Jaferin Islands, p. 372. Tetuan, p. 373. Tangier, p. 375. Fez, p. 379. Wezzan, p. 383. Mazagan, p. 388. Marocco, p. 390. Tarudant, p. 395. Tufilelt Oasis, p. 402. The Guir Basin, p. 404. p. 406. Social Condition of Marocco, p. 407. Army; Finance; Administrative Divisions, p. 412.
XI. The Sahara 414
Extent; Population, p. 414 Progress of Discovery, p. 413. Physical Aspect, p. 416. The Dunes, p. 418. The Ergs, p. 419. Climate, p. Ennedi; Wajanga, p. 423. Tibesti; Borku, p. 424. Climate; Flora; Fauna, p. 427. Inhabitants; the Tibbus, p. 428. Topography, p. 433. The Kawar Oasis, p. 434. Bilma, p. 436. Dibbela; Agadem; Jebel Ahaggar, p. 437. North Tassili, p. 439. The Igharghar Basin, p. 442. Flora and Fauna, p. 444. The Tuareg Berbers, p. 446. The Twat Oases, p. 454. Flora, Fauna, and Inhabitants of Twat, p. 456. Gurura and Timimun Oases, p. 457. Ulad-Raffa; Tsabit; Tamentit, p. 460. Air and Awellimiden Berbers, p. 463. Topography, p. 466. Adghagh, p. 469.
XII. Western Sahara 471
The Iguidi Dunes, p. 471. Rivers, p. 474. The Atlantic Seaboard, p. 474. Flora, Fauna, and Inhabitants, p. Topography, p. 477. The Adrar Nomads, p. 480. The Marabuts, p. 481.
Statistical, Tables 483
Index 497

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

MAPS PRINTED IN COLOURS.

page page
1. Tunis and Constantine 104 4. Eastern Sahara 424
2. Algiers and Oran 360 5. Western Sahara 472
3. Marocco 200

PLATES.

Arabs, Sudanese Negro, and Female Shilluk Frontispiece
The Kasr-el-Jebel Cirque to face page 40
Tripoli, from the Roadstead 64
General View of Murzuk 80
Tunisian Landscape: View taken from the Tellat Pass 96
Khumir Man, Women, and Child 132
Cabes : View taken from the Jara Gardens 144
Nafta and the Shott-el-Jerid 148
Sfakes: View taken in the Leonec Street 152
General View of Kairwan 160
Tunis: Street in the Sûk District 172
Old Ports of Carthage 176
General View of El-Kef 180
View of Stora Bay 202
Arab Mendicant, Biskra Negress, and El-Kantara Woman 228
Kabyle Family Group 232
Saharian Landscape: Nomad Encampment 236
General View of Constantine, taken from the Mansura Route 248
Kabyle Family travelling to face page 256
Kabyle Village 264
General View of Algiers, taken from the Kheir el-Din Pier 268
General View of Blida 276
Boghari Village and Market 282
Oran : View taken from the Marina 288
The El-Kantara Gorge 300
Street View in Biskra 304
General View of Laghwat 308
Beni-Ramasses Quarter, Constantine 320
General View of Tetuan 372
Tangier : View taken from the East 376
Wed-el-Halluf, near Figuig 404
General View of Fez 408
The Sahara: View taken from the Sfa Pass, North-west of Biskra 420
Group of Tibbus 428
Jebel Khanfusa 440
The Egueri Gorge 460
General View of Bona 242
Mouth of the Wed Draa: View taken from the Sea 476

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Fig. Page
1. Route of the Chief Explorers in Cyrenaica 4
2. Zawya of Mazuna, in the Algerian Dahra 11
3. Tobruk 14
4. Cyrene 16
5. View From the in Necropolis of Cyrene 17
6. Benghazi 20
7. Regions South of Barka LyingBelow the Level of the in Mediterranean 24
8. Group of the in Aujila Oases 26
9. The Kufra Oasis 30
10. Kufra Oasis 33
11. Routes of the in Chief Explorers in Tripolitana 35
12. Projected Railways Across West Africa 37
13. Jebel Ghurian 40
14. Oases and Arable Lands of Tripolitana 47
15. Inhabitants of Tripolitana 52
16. Jofra Oasis 58
17. The in Khoms Coast District, Tripolitana 61
18. Tripoli 64
19. Routes of the in Chief Explorers in Fezzan 70
20. Oases of Fezzan 73
21. Murzuk 80
22. Ghadames District 83
23. The Ghadames Oasis 85
24. General View of Ghadames 86
25. Rhât 91
26. Ancient Form of Mauritania, according to Bourguignat'S Hypothesis 96
27. Tabarka Island — View Taken From the Coast 103
28. Hamada-El-Kessera 104
29. The Jebel Zaghwan 105
30. Lakes of Eskel and Bizerta 107
31. Gorges of the Middle Mejerda 108
32. Old Beds of the in Lower Mejerda 109
33. The in Mejerda At Slugia, Above Mejez-El-Bab 111
34. Sill of Cabes 114
35. Zone of the in Shotts South of East Algeria Tunis 115
36. Tracks of Travellers in the Shott-El-Jerid 116
37. Island of Jerba 120
38. Cape Bon and Zembra Island 124
39. Native Inhabitants of Tunis 134
40. Tunisian Jewess 137
41. Houses At Kasr El-Mudenin 140
42. Jerba Island Castle Near Humt Suk 142
43. Peninsula of Nefzawa 146
44. Jerid 147
45. The in Amphitheatre of El-Jem, Viewed From the in Ruined Side 153
46. Mahdiya 155
47. Monastir and Sûsa 156
48. Kairwan 157
49. Kasbah of Susa, Viewed From the in French Consulate 158
50. Kairwan: The Mosque of the Swords 160
51. Ruins of Sbeitla, the in Ancient Suffe-Tula 163
52. Sûsa and Enfida 164
53. Aqueducts of Carthage 167
54. Tunis 173
55. La Goletta 175
56. Carthage 177
57. Ancient Ports of Carthage 179
58. Plain of Ghardimau 181
59. Ruins of Utica 184
60. Bizerta, Viewed From the in Kasbah 186
61. Tabarka 187
62. Cork-Tree of Fernana 188
63. Railways and Highways of Tunis 192
64. Gradual Conquest of Algeria 199
65. Erosions of the in Mountains Near Tiaret 203
66. Junction of the in Geodetic Lines Between Algeria and Spain 205
67. Ancient Glaciers of the in Haizer Mountains 207
68. Gorges of the in Wed Agriun 208
69. View Taken In The Shabet-El-Akra Route 209
70. Cape De Fer 211
71. Lakes of La Calle 214
72. Cliffs of the Igharghar: View taken from the North of Temassinin 216
73. Valley of the in Wed Miya, between the Garaa El-Onkser and the in Garaa T-El-Beida 217
74. Shott Melghigh and Projected Inland Sea 218
75. Artesian Wells of Ziban and the in Wed Righ 219
76. Barrage of the in Hamiz 220
77. Rainfall of the in Sahara in 1884 222
78. Forests of Algeria 224
79. The Alfa Region 225
80. Chief Ancient Cities of Algeria 230
81. Chief Tribes of Algeria 232
82. Arabs and Berbers of Algeria 233
83. Arab Type: Agha of Tugurt 235
84. -Ahras and its Environs 238
85. La Calle 239
86. Petrified Cascade of Hammam-El-Mesk-huthin 241
87. Bona 243
88. Edugh and Lake Fetzara 244
89. Constantine in 1836 246
90. The Natural Arch of Constantine 247
91. Constantine in 1884 248
92. Philippeville 250
93. Jijili 251
94. Bougie 253
95. Zwawa and Ait-Iraten Territory 257
96. Chief Tribes of Kabylia 258
97. Kuku and Shellata Pass 261
98. Fort National 264
99. Dellys 265
100. Palestro and Gorges of the Isser 266
101. Lower Sebau and laser Valleys 267
102. Algiers in 1830 269
103. Algiers in 1885 270
104. Street View in the Old Town, Algiers 271
105. Military Lines of Algiers 272
106. Sidi-Ferrush 273
107. Algerian Sahel 274
108. Bufarik 275
109. Blida 277
110. Tomb of the Christian Lady 278
111. Isthmus of Tipaza 279
112. Shershell 280
113. Tenes 281
114. Gorges of the Shelif 282
115. Medea 283
116. Miliana, Sill of Affreville 284
117. Mostaganem 285
118. Arzeu 287
119. Oran 288
120. Plain of the Andalusians 289
121. Tlemcen 291
122. Street View in Tlemcen 292
123. Mouth of the Tafna 293
124. Nemours 294
125. Nemours 295
126. The Sheliya and Plain of Medina 297
127. Lambæsis: Ruins of the Prætorium 298
128. Fum Ksantina 299
129. Ancient Roman Towns in North Aures 300
130. A Nail Arab Woman 301
131. The Bu-Khail Mountains 302
132. Emancipated Negress, Biskra 304
133. Oases of the Northern and Southern Zibans 305
134. The Wed Righ Oasis 306
135. Tugurt 307
136. Laghwat 308
137. Mzab 311
138. General View of Ghaedaya 312
139. Mzab and Metlili 313
140. Wargla 316
141. El-Golea 317
142. The Ain-Sefra Highlands 318
143. Growth of the European Population in Algeria since 1830 320
144. Teniet-el-Haad and ita Forests 322
145. A Great Algerian Domain 326
146. Thermal Springs 328
147. Growth of the Foreign Trade of Algeria since 1830 329
148. Line of Steam Navigation between Mauritania and the Opposite Coast 330
149. Roads and Railways of Algeria 331
150. An Arab Family of Tlemcen 334
151. Fully Privileged, Mixed, and Native Communes in Algeria 336
152. Relative Population of the Algerian Communea 337s
153. Holy Cities and Chief Religious Associations in Algeria 338
154. Algiers in 1832 342
155. Tiaret and Tagdemt 343
156. Routes of the Chief Explorers in Marocco 346
157. Bled-el-Makhzen and Bled-es-Siba 347
158. Crests and Passes of the Atlas South of Marrakesh 349
159. Jebel Tiza: View taken from the Tagherut Pass 350
160. The Tetuan Highlands 354
161. The Sherat River 356
162. Lower Course of the Sebu 357
163. Arabs and Berbers of Maghreb-el-Aksa 358
164. A Tangier Arab 364
165. Arab Woman of Tangier 365
166. Arab Camel-Driver 368
167. Ujda, Isly, and the Angad Plain 371
168. Tetuan 373
169. Ceuta 374
170. Tangier 376
171. El-Araish and Chemmish 378
172. Fez and Neighbourhood 379
173. A Gateway in Fez 380
174. Mecnes and Volubilis 382
175. Mulai Tayeb, Sherif of Wezzan 384
176. Rbat and Mouth of the Bu-Reorag — View taken from Sla 386
177. Rbat and Sla 387
178. Mazagan and Azemmur 389
179. Marocco — The Christian's Gate 391
180. Marrakesh 392
181. Mogador and Neighbourhood 394
182. Tarudant 396
183. Ifni and Neighbouring Coast 399
184. Wed Zis and Tafilelt Oases 400
185. El-Bahariat of the Wed Ouir 405
186. Figuig Oasis 406
187. A School in Fez 409
188. Frontiers of Algeeria and Marocco 410
189. Fez: Gateway to the Kasbah 411
190. The Great East Erg 420
191. Routes of the Chief Explorers in the Eastern Sahara 425
192. Northern Tibesti 426
193. Borku 431
194. Kawar Oasis 435
195. Routes of the Chief Explorers between Algeria and the Tuareg Territory 439
196. Geology of the Sahara south of Algeria 443
197. Targui Type 448
198. Tuaregs on a Journey 449
199. Issawan Valley 454
200. Gurara and Wed Saura 458
201. Twat and Tidikelt 462
202. Air 457
203. Routes of the Chief Explorers in the Western Sahara 472
204. Rio de Oro 475
205. Arawan and Mabruk 479
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