Index:Life and Times of Frederick Douglass (1892).djvu
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CONTENTS.
AUTHOR'S BIRTH. Author's place of birthâDescription of countryâIts inhabitantsâGenealogical treesâMethod of counting time in slave districtsâDate of author's birthâNames of grandparentsâTheir cabinâHome with themâSlave practice of separating mothers from their childrenâAuthor's recollections of his motherâWho was his father? 25
REMOVAL FROM GRANDMOTHER'S. Author's early homeâIts charmsâAuthor's ignorance of "old master"âHis gradual perception of the truth concerning himâHis relations to Col. Edward LloydâAuthor's removal to "old master's" homeâHis journey thenceâHis separation from his grandmotherâHis grief. 29
TROUBLES OF CHILDHOOD. Col. Lloyd's plantationâAunt KatyâHer cruelty and ill-natureâCapt. Anthony's partiality to Aunt KatyâAllowance of foodâAuthor's hungerâUnexpected rescue by his motherâThe reproof of Aunt KatyâSleepâA slave-mother's loveâAuthor's inheritanceâHis mother's acquirementsâHer death. 34
A GENERAL SURVEY OF THE SLAVE PLANTATION. Home plantation of Colonel LloydâIts isolationâIts industriesâThe slave ruleâPower of overseersâAuthor finds some enjoymentâNatural sceneryâSloop "Sally Lloyd"âWind-millâSlave quarterâ"Old master's" houseâStables, store-houses, etc., etc.âThe great houseâIts surroundingsâLloyd Burial-placeâSuperstition of SlavesâColonel Lloyd's wealthâNegro politenessâDoctor CopperâCaptain AnthonyâHis familyâMaster Daniel LloydâHis brothersâSocial etiquette. 40
A SLAVEHOLDER'S CHARACTER. Increasing acquaintance with old masterâEvils of unresisted passionâApparent tendernessâA man of troubleâCustom of muttering to himselfâBrutal outrageâA drunken overseerâSlaveholder's impatienceâWisdom of appealâA base and selfish attempt to break up a courtship. 50
A CHILD'S REASONING. The author's early reflections on SlaveryâAunt Jennie and Uncle NoahâPresentiment of one day becoming a freemanâConflict between an overseer and a slave womanâAdvantage of resistanceâDeath of an overseerâCol. Lloyd's plantation homeâMonthly distribution of foodâSinging of SlavesâAn explanationâThe slaves' food and clothingâNaked childrenâLife in the quarterâSleeping-placesânot bedsâDeprivation of sleepâCare of nursing babiesâAsh cakeâContrast. 56
LUXURIES AT THE GREAT HOUSE. ContrastsâGreat House luxuriesâIts hospitalityâEntertainmentsâFault-findingâShameful humiliation of an old and faithful coachmanâWilliam WilksâCurious incidentâExpressed satisfaction not always genuineâReasons for suppressing the truth. 65
CHARACTERISTICS OF OVERSEERS. Austin GoreâSketch of his characterâOverseers as a classâTheir peculiar characteristicsâThe marked individuality of Austin GoreâHis sense of dutyâMurder of poor DenbyâSensationâHow Gore made his peace with Col. LloydâOther horrible murdersâNo laws for the protection of slaves possible of being enforced. 75
CHANGE OF LOCATION. Miss LucretiaâHer kindnessâHow it was manifestedâ"Ike"âA battle with himâMiss Lucretia's balsamâBreadâHow it was obtainedâGleams of sunset amidst the general darknessâSuffering from coldâHow we took our meal mushâPreparations for going to BaltimoreâDelight at the changeâCousin Tom's opinion of BaltimoreâArrival thereâKind receptionâMr. and Mrs. Hugh AuldâTheir son TommyâMy relations to themâMy dutiesâA turning-point in my life. 83
LEARNING TO READ. City annoyancesâPlantation regretsâMy mistressâHer historyâHer kindnessâMy masterâHis sournessâMy comfortsâIncreased sensitivenessâMy occupationâLearning to readâBaneful effects of slaveholding on my dear, good mistressâMr. Hugh forbids Mrs. Sophia to teach me furtherâClouds gather on my bright prospectsâMaster Auld's exposition of the Philosophy of SlaveryâCity slavesâCountry slavesâContrastsâExceptionsâMr. Hamilton's two slavesâMrs. Hamilton's cruel treatment of themâPiteous aspect presented by themâNo power to come between the slave and slaveholder. 91
GROWING IN KNOWLEDGE. My mistressâHer slaveholding dutiesâTheir effects on her originally noble natureâThe conflict in her mindâShe opposes my learning to readâToo lateâShe had given me the "inch," I was resolved to take the "ell"âHow I pursued my study to readâMy tutorsâWhat progress I madeâSlaveryâWhat I heard said about itâThirteen years oldâColumbian oratorâDialogueâSpeechesâSheridanâPittâLords Chatham and FoxâKnowledge increasingâLibertyâSingingâSadness— Unhappiness of Mrs. SophiaâMy hatred of slaveryâOne Upas tree overshadaws us all. 99
RELIGIOUS NATURE AWAKENED. Abolitionists spoken ofâEagerness to know the meaning of wordâConsults the dictionaryâIncendiary informationâThe enigma solvedâ"Nat Turner" insurrectionâCholeraâReligionâMethodist ministerâReligious impressionsâFather LawsonâHis character and occupationâHis influence over meâOur mutual attachmentâNew hopes and aspirationsâHeavenly lightâTwo Irishmen on wharfâConversation with themâLearning to writeâMy aims. 108
THE VICISSITUDES OF SLAVE LIFE. Death of old Master's son Richard, speedily followed by that of old MasterâValuation and division of all the property, including the slavesâSent for to come to Hillsborough to be valued and dividedâSad prospects and griefâPartingâSlaves have no voice in deciding their own destiniesâGeneral dread of falling into Master Andrew's handsâHis drunkennessâGood fortune in falling to Miss LucretiaâShe allows my return to BaltimoreâJoy at Master Hugh'sâDeath of Miss LucretiaâMaster Thomas Auld's second marriageâThe new wife unlike the oldâAgain removed from Master Hugh'sâReasons for regretâPlan of escape. 116
EXPERIENCE IN ST. MICHAELS. St. Michaels and its inhabitantsâCapt. AuldâHis new wifeâSufferings from hungerâForced to stealâArgument in vindication thereofâSouthern camp-meetingâWhat Capt. Auld did thereâHopesâSuspicionsâThe resultâFaith and works at varianceâPosition in the churchâPoor Cousin HennyâMethodist preachersâTheir disregard of the slavesâOne exceptionâSabbath-schoolâHow and by whom broken upâSad change in my prospectsâCovey, the negro-breaker. 126
COVEY, THE NEGRO BREAKER. Journey to Covey'sâMeditations by the wayâCovey's houseâFamilyâAwkwardness as a field handâA cruel beatingâWhy givenâDescription of CoveyâFirst attempt at driving oxenâHair-breadth escapeâOx and man alike propertyâHard labor more effective than the whip for breaking down the spiritâCunning and trickery of CoveyâFamily worshipâShocking and indecent contempt for chastityâGreat mental agitationâAnguish beyond description. 140
ANOTHER PRESSURE OF THE TYRANT'S VISE. Experience at Covey's summed upâFirst six month's severer than the remaining sixâPreliminaries to the changeâReasons for narrating the circumstancesâScene in the treading-yardâAuthor taken illâEscapes to St. MichaelsâThe pursuitâSuffering in the woodsâTalk with Master ThomasâHis beatingâDriven back to Covey'sâThe slaves never sickâNatural to expect them to feign sicknessâLaziness of slaveholders. 155
THE LAST FLOGGING. A sleepless nightâReturn to Covey'sâPunished by himâThe chase defeatedâVengeance postponedâMusings in the woodsâThe alternativeâDeplorable spectacleâNight in the woodsâExpected attackâAccosted by SandyâA friend, not a masterâSandy's hospitalityâThe ash-cake supperâInterview with SandyâHis adviceâSandy a conjuror as well as a ChristianâThe magic rootâStrange meeting with CoveyâHis mannerâCovey's Sunday faceâAuthor's defensive resolveâThe fightâThe victory, and its results. 164
NEW RELATIONS AND DUTIES. Change of mastersâBenefits derived by changeâFame of the fight with CoveyâReckless unconcernâAuthor's abhorrence of slaveryâAbility to read a cause of prejudiceâThe holidaysâ How spentâSharp hit at slaveryâEffects of holidaysâDifference between Covey and FreelandâAn irreligious master preferred to a religious oneâHard life at Covey's useful to the authorâImproved condition does not bring contentmentâCongenial society at Freeland'sâAuthor's Sabbath-schoolâSecrecy necessaryâAffectionate relations of tutor and pupilsâConfidence and friendship among slavesâSlavery the inviter of vengeance. 179
THE RUNAWAY PLOT. New Year's thoughts and meditationsâAgain hired by FreelandâKindness no compensation for slaveryâIncipient steps toward escapeâConsiderations leading theretoâHostility to slaveryâSolemn vow takenâPlan divulged to slavesâColumbian orator againâScheme gains favorâDanger of discoveryâSkill of slaveholdersâSuspicion and coercionâHymns with double meaningâConsultationâPass-wordâHope and fearâIgnorance of GeographyâImaginary difficultiesâPatrick HenryâSandy a dreamerâRoute to the north mapped outâObjectionsâFraudsâPassesâAnxietiesâFear of failureâStrange presentimentâCoincidenceâBetrayalâArrestsâResistanceâMrs. FreelandâPrisonâBrutal JestsâPasses eatenâDenialâSandyâDragged behind horsesâSlave tradersâAlone in prisonâSent to Baltimore. 191
APPRENTICESHIP LIFE. Nothing lost in my attempt to run awayâComrades at homeâReasons for sending me awayâReturn to BaltimoreâTommy changedâCaulking in Gardiner's ship yardâDesperate fightâIts causesâConflict between white and black laborâOutrageâTestimonyâMaster HughâSlavery in BaltimoreâMy condition improvesâNew associationsâSlaveholder's right to the slave's wagesâHow to make a discontented slave. 219
ESCAPE FROM SLAVERY. Closing incidents in my "Life as a Slave"âDiscontentâSuspicionsâMaster's generosityâDifficulties in the way of escapeâ Plan to obtain moneyâAllowed to hire my timeâA gleam of hopeâAttend camp-meetingâAnger of Master HughâThe resultâPlans of escapeâDay for departure fixedâHarassing doubts and fearsâPainful thoughts of separation from friends.233 SECOND PART. ESCAPE FROM SLAVERY. Reasons for not having revealed the manner of escapeâNothing of romance in the methodâDangerâFree papersâUnjust taxâProtection papersâ"Free trade and sailors' rights"âAmerican eagleâRailroad trainâUnobserving conductorâCapt. McGowanâHonest GermanâFearsâSafe arrival in PhiladelphiaâDitto in New York. 242
LIFE AS A FREEMAN. Loneliness and insecurityâ"Allender's Jake"âSuccored by a sailorâDavid RugglesâMarriageâSteamer J. W. RichmondâStage to New BedfordâArrival thereâDriver's detention of baggageâNathan JohnsonâChange of nameâWhy called "Douglass"âObtaining WorkâThe Liberator and its Editor.250
INTRODUCED TO THE ABOLITIONISTS. Anti-Slavery Convention at NantucketâFirst SpeechâMuch SensationâExtraordinary Speech of Mr. GarrisonâAnti-Slavery AgencyâYouthful EnthusiasmâFugitive Slaveship DoubtedâExperience in slavery writtenâDanger of Recapture.266 RECOLLECTIONS OF OLD FRIENDS. Work in Rhode IslandâDorr WarâRecollections of old friendsâFurther labors in Rhode Island and elsewhere in New England.272
ONE HUNDRED CONVENTIONS. Anti-Slavery Conventions held in parts of New England, and in some of the Middle and Western StatesâMobsâIncidents, etc.280
IMPRESSIONS ABROAD. Danger to be avertedâA refuge sought abroadâVoyage on the steamship CambriaâRefusal of first-class passageâAttractions of the fore-castle deckâHutchinson familyâInvited to make a speechâSoutherners feel insultedâCaptain threatens to put them in ironsâExperiences abroadâAttentions receivedâImpressions of different members of Parliament, and of other public menâContrast with life in AmericaâKindness of friendsâTheir purchase of my person, and the gift of the same to myselfâMy return.289
TRIUMPHS AND TRIALS. New ExperiencesâPainful Disagreement of Opinion with old FriendsâFinal Decision to publish my Paper in RochesterâIts Fortunes and its FriendsâChange in my own Views Regarding the Constitution of the United StatesâFidelity to ConvictionâLoss of Old FriendsâSupport of New OnesâLoss of House, etc., by FireâTriumphs and TrialsâUnderground RailroadâIncidents.320
JOHN BROWN AND MRS. STOWE. My First Meeting with Capt. John BrownâThe Free Soil MovementâColored ConventionâUncle Tom's CabinâIndustrial School for Colored PeopleâLetter to Mrs. H. B. Stowe.337 INCREASING DEMANDS OF THE SLAVE POWER. Increased demands of slaveryâWar in KansasâJohn Brown's raidâHis capture and executionâMy escape to England from United States marshals.360
THE BEGINNING OF THE END. My connection with John BrownâTo and from EnglandâPresidential contestâElection of Abraham Lincoln.383
SECESSION AND WAR. Recruiting of the 54th and 55th Colored RegimentsâVisit to President Lincoln and Secretary StantonâPromised a Commission as Adjutant-General to General ThomasâDisappointment.408
HOPE FOR THE NATION. Proclamation of emancipationâIts reception in BostonâObjections brought against itâIts effect on the countryâInterview with President LincolnâNew York riotsâRe-election of Mr. LincolnâHis inauguration, and inauguralâVice-President JohnsonâPresidential receptionâThe fall of RichmondâFanueil HallâThe assassinationâCondolence.426
VAST CHANGES. Satisfaction and anxiety, new fields of labor openingâLyceums and colleges soliciting addressesâLiterary attractionsâPecuniary gainâStill pleading for human rightsâPresident Andy JohnsonâColored delegationâTheir reply to himâNational Loyalist Convention, 1866, and its processionâNot wantedâMeeting with an old friendâJoy and surpriseâThe old master's welcome, and Miss Amanda's friendshipâEnfranchisement debated and accomplishedâThe negro a citizen.453 LIVING AND LEARNING. Inducement to a political careerâObjectionsâA newspaper enterpriseâThe New National EraâIts abandonmentâThe Freedman's Saving and Trust CompanyâSad experienceâVindication.484
WEIGHED IN THE BALANCE. The Santo Domingo controversyâDecoration Day at Arlington, 1871âSpeech delivered thereâNational colored convention at New Orleans, 1872âElector at large for the State of New YorkâDeath of Hon. Henry Wilson.494
"TIME MAKES ALL THINGS EVEN." Return to "old master"âA last interviewâCapt. Auld's admission "had I been in your place, I should have done as you did"âSpeech at EastonâThe old jail thereâInvited to a sail on the revenue cutter GuthrieâHon. John L. ThomasâVisit to the old plantationâHome of Col. LloydâKind reception and attentionsâFamiliar scenesâOld memoriesâBurial-groundâHospitalityâGracious reception from Mrs. BuchananâA little girl's floral giftâA promise of a "good time coming"âSpeech at Harper's Ferry, Decoration day, 1881âStorer CollegeâHon. A. J Hunter.533
INCIDENTS AND EVENTS. Hon. Gerrit Smith and Mr. E. C. DelevanâExperiences at Hotels and on Steamboats and other modes of travelâHon. Edward MarshallâGrace GreenwoodâHon. Moses NorrisâRobert J. IngersollâReflections and conclusionsâCompensations.551
"HONOR TO WHOM HONOR." Grateful recognitionâFriends in needâLucretia MottâLydia Maria ChildâSarah and Angelina GrimkeâAbby KelleyâH. Beecher StoweâOther FriendsâWoman Suffrage.566 RETROSPECTION. Meeting of colored citizens in Washington to express their sympathy at the great national bereavement, the death of President GarfieldâConcluding reflections and conviction. 577
Oration at the unveiling of the Freedmen's monument, at Lincoln Park, Washington, D. C., April 14, 1876âExtract from a speech delivered at Elmira, N. Y., August 1, 1880. 584
THIRD PART. LATER LIFE. Again summoned to the defense of his peopleâThe difficulties of the taskâThe race problemâHis life workâThe anti-slavery movement. 619
A GRAND OCCASION. Inauguration of President GarfieldâA valuable precedentâAn affecting sceneâThe greed of the office-seekersâConference with President GarfieldâDistrust of the Vice-President. 626
DOUBTS AS TO GARFIELD'S COURSE. Garfield not a stalwartâEncounter of Garfield with TuckerâHope in promises of a new departureâThe sorrow-stricken nation. 633 RECORDER OF DEEDS. Activity in behalf of his peopleâIncome of the Recorder of DeedsâFalse impressions as to his wealthâAppeals for assistanceâPersistent beggars. 638
PRESIDENT CLEVELAND'S ADMINISTRATION. Circumstances of Cleveland's electionâPolitical standing of the District of ColumbiaâEstimate of Cleveland's characterâRespect for Mr. ClevelandâDecline for strength in the Republican partyâTime of gloom for the colored peopleâReason for the defeat of Blaine. 644
THE SUPREME COURT DECISION. Action of the Supreme CourtâIts effects on the colored peopleâAddress at Lincoln Hall. 652
DEFEAT OF JAMES G. BLAINE. Causes of the Republican defeatâTariff and free tradeâNo confidence in the Democratic party. 670
EUROPEAN TOUR. Revisits ParliamentâChanges in ParliamentâRecollections of Lord BroughamâListens to GladstoneâMeeting with old friends. 674
CONTINUATION OF EUROPEAN TOUR. Through FranceâDijon and LyonsâThe palace of the PopesâThe Amphitheater at ArlesâVisits NiceâPisa and its leaning towerâThe PantheonâModern RomeâReligion at RomeâRome of the PastâVesuvius and NaplesâThrough the Suez CanalâLife in the EastâThe NileâThe religion of MahometâAt the graves of Theodore Parker and Mrs. BrowningâThe mountains of the Tyrol. 681 THE CAMPAIGN OF 1888. Preference for John ShermanâSpeech at the conventionâOn the stumpâThe Tariff question. 717
ADMINISTRATION OF PRESIDENT HARRISON. Appointed minister at HaĂŻtiâUnfriendly criticismâAdmiral Gherardi. 723
MINISTER TO HAITI. The MĂ´le St. NicolasâSocial RelationsâSympathy for HaĂŻtiâThe facts about the MĂ´le St. NicolasâConference with the HaĂŻtian GovernmentâNegotiations for the MĂ´le St. NicolasâClose of the interview. 727
CONTINUED NEGOTIATIONS FOR THE MOLE ST. NICOLAS. Unfortunate delayâRenewed authority from the United StatesâHaĂŻti's RefusalâReasons for the RefusalâThe Clyde contractâA dishonest propositionâA strange demandâHaĂŻti's mistakeâBad effect of the Clyde propositionâFinal words. 739
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